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such as every component needed to intubate and ventilate patients during resuscitation&#44; and ensure that equipment is always accessible and functions correctly&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are various safety tools at our disposal&#44; including real-time safety audits &#40;RTSAs&#41;&#44; which are widely used in high-risk industries on account of their considerable ability to identify errors and risk situations and facilitate their prevention&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a> However&#44; this approach has barely been applied to hospital settings&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For these reasons&#44; we decided to use RTSAs to assess the adherence in our NICU to recommendations regarding the ventilation equipment that needs to be ready at each patient&#39;s station&#44; the intubation equipment in each crash trolley and the documentation necessary to manage a critical situation&#46; The aim of our study was to determine by means of audits whether the documentation and equipment needed for resuscitation was ready for each intensive care patient&#44; and whether factors related to patient characteristics&#44; the time of admission or the location in the unit had an impact on the degree of adherence to recommendations&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a prospective observational study between January 1 and December 31&#44; 2012 in the framework of a broader study whose purpose is to determine whether safety mechanisms in devices and protocols for the performance of the most frequent procedures were used correctly by conducting RTSA rounds&#46; In this article&#44; we will only describe the variables related to the documentation and equipment for ventilation in resuscitation during critical situations&#46; Previous articles published by our group<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> described other variables assessed in the broader project&#44; such as those related to monitoring and invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation systems and infusion pumps&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We started by consulting with physicians and nurses using a modified Delphi method to determine which were the devices and procedures for which recommendations were neglected most often in order to ensure the inclusion of the most relevant devices and procedures in the study&#46; We included a total of 23 devices&#47;procedures &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; To carry out the audits&#44; we created different cards detailing the variables that had to be evaluated for a given device or procedure&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For every week in the period under study&#44; we randomly selected 2 days &#40;weekdays or weekend days&#41; and one shift &#40;morning or evening&#41;&#46; We also selected two cards at random to conduct the audit on selected day&#46; One researcher &#40;EBS or MCPG&#44; both of who are clinical neonatologists employed in the unit&#41; determined the devices or procedures that needed to be audited and were in use in any of the patients each day&#44; and audited the variables under study for the selected devices or procedures&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When it came to the documentation and equipment needed for ventilation in critical situations&#44; the audited variables concerned the documentation written in the chart of each patient &#40;size and length of endotracheal tube recorded in patient chart &#91;yes&#47;no&#93;&#44; size and length of nasogastric tube recorded in patient chart &#91;yes&#47;no&#93;&#41;&#44; the ventilation supplies available at each patient&#39;s station &#40;bag-valve mask and mask of appropriate size ready in each station &#91;yes&#47;no&#93;&#41; and the laryngoscopes in the crash trolley of each intensive care room &#40;0 and 00 handles and blades in the crash trolley &#91;yes&#47;no&#93;&#44; and correct functioning of laryngoscopes &#40;yes&#47;no&#93;&#41;&#46; We also defined a variable called <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overall appropriate use</span> that was only considered positive when all items evaluated for a specific procedure were in order&#44; that is&#44; if correct information concerning endotracheal and nasogastric tubes had been entered in the patient&#39;s chart&#44; the bag-valve mask and the appropriate mask were available in the incubator&#44; and the laryngoscopes in the room where the newborn was located functioned correctly and there was a sufficient supply of 0 and 00 size blades&#46; &#8220;Overall use&#8221; was only considered appropriate if all of the above was correctly done for a given patient&#46; Furthermore&#44; we analysed the degree of agreement between the 2 researchers by conducting simultaneous auditing rounds&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the exception of the department chief and the nurse supervisors&#44; the staff of the NICU were unaware of the purpose of the auditing&#44; but when serious errors that may have posed a danger to patients were detected&#44; the staff in charge of the patient were immediately notified&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our unit is a III-C level NICU with 500 admissions a year&#46; The NICU is divided into 3 intensive care rooms of different characteristics&#58; a large room with 10 intensive care beds &#40;NIC-A&#41; and 2 small rooms with 4 and 5 intensive care beds &#40;NIC-B and NIC-C&#41; and 2 additional rooms with 24 intermediate care beds&#46; The patient&#47;nurse ratio in the NICU is 2&#58;1&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Other variables</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We collected data on patient&#44; time of admission and NICU characteristics to assess whether they had an impact on adherence to the protocols for the procedures&#58; birth weight&#44; gestational age &#40;GA&#41;&#44; sex&#44; workweek or weekend&#47;holiday&#44; morning or evening shift&#44; NICU occupancy at time of audit and location of patient in the unit&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Ethical considerations</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The object of the study was the auditing of equipment and procedures in the neonatal department&#46; We consulted with the Clinical Research Ethics Committee and verified that current Spanish law does not require a review by an Ethics Committee for this type of study&#46; We obtained the informed consent of the department head and supervisors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have expressed continuous variables as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation &#40;SD&#41; and categorical variables as absolute and relative frequencies&#46; We used the chi square test or Fisher&#39;s exact test with contingency tables to compare proportions and determine the statistical significance of their differences&#46; We compared the distribution of ordinal and continuous values by means of Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test or the Wilcoxon&#8211;Mann&#8211;Whitney test&#44; as applicable&#46; We performed logistic regression to assess the strength of the association between appropriate use and several variables including GA&#44; birth weight&#44; sex&#44; location in NICU&#44; weekday or weekend&#47;holiday&#44; morning or evening shift&#44; month and unit occupancy&#46; We present the results in the form of 95&#37; confidence intervals&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the period under study&#44; we performed 17 audits that included 296 evaluations of the documentation and equipment required for resuscitation in critical situations that we have already described&#46; The kappa coefficient corresponding to the agreement of the 2 researchers that carried out the audits was 0&#46;93&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The frequency of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overall appropriate use</span> of the necessary information and equipment for ventilation in resuscitation in critical situations was 62&#46;50&#37; &#40;185&#47;296&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> presents the frequencies of appropriate adherence to recommendations for the different variables under study&#46; The variable for which we found the highest degree of adherence was the ventilation equipment at the patient&#39;s station &#40;97&#46;3&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> presents the results on the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overall appropriate use</span> of documentation and materials needed for ventilation during resuscitation in critical situations in relation to patient characteristics and location in the unit&#44; and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> describes the results on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overall appropriate use</span> in relation to time characteristics&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overall appropriate use</span> was greater in weekends or holidays compared to weekdays &#40;73&#46;97&#37; vs&#46; 58&#46;74&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; and lesser in the summer compared to the rest of the year &#40;52&#37; vs&#46; 66&#46;06&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#46; Adherence to recommendations on ventilation supplies at individual patient stations was better in newborns of less than 32 weeks&#8217; GA and in patients located in the NIC-B or C &#40;98&#46;85&#37; for GA &#60;32 weeks compared to 95&#46;04&#37; for GA &#8805;32 weeks &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;04&#93;&#59; 95&#46;39&#37; in NIC-B&#47;C vs&#46; 99&#46;31&#37; in NIC-A &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#93;&#41;&#46; Documentation in patients&#8217; charts was better on weekends&#47;holidays and in the evening shift &#40;81&#46;94&#37; on weekends&#47;holidays vs&#46; 66&#46;99&#37; on weekdays &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#93;&#59; 74&#46;06&#37; in the evening shift vs&#46; 60&#46;61&#37; in the morning shift &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The occupation rate in the unit when overall use was appropriate was 95&#46;02&#37; &#40;79&#8211;105&#37;&#41; compared to 93&#46;10&#37; when overall use was inappropriate &#40;79&#8211;105&#37;&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discussion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our prospective observational study showed a percentage lower than expected of adherence to recommendations on the information recorded in patient charts&#44; the material ready for ventilation for each patient and the preparation of laryngoscopic equipment in crash trolleys&#46; More specifically&#44; had there been a critical situation&#44; the documentation and full equipment needed for resuscitation would only have been readily available for 62&#37; of the patients&#46; This is a very important aspect in patient safety&#44; since the perceptions of health professionals may significantly diverge from reality&#44; as was the case in our study&#46; We do not know of any other study that specifically assessed the same items as we did here&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The availability of a bag-valve mask and mask of appropriate size by each patient was the variable for which we found the highest degree of adherence&#46; We found no significant differences in any of the other variables under study&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The RTSAs detected flaws in the resuscitation equipment in nearly 40&#37; of instances&#46; As we already noted&#44; we could not compare this result with others in the literature&#46; We only found one study that reported that 31&#37; out of 693 surveyed paediatric anaesthesiologists had experienced problems with the difficult airway trolley&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Since these data originated from a survey&#44; a comparison would be challenging&#44; as they may be affected by recall bias&#46; The success of advanced life support measures partly depends on the availability of a resuscitation trolley with the necessary equipment and medication&#46; Missing or defective equipment can significantly compromise resuscitation efforts&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Current recommendations call for the staff in the unit to check the contents of the crash trolley&#44; restock supplies as needed for all devices and check the expiration date of drugs&#44; and for designating a staff member to be responsible for checking and maintaining the crash trolley&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contrary to what we expected&#44; we found that admission during weekends&#44; holidays or evening shifts and high unit occupancy did not foster non-adherence to recommendations on the safety variables under study&#46; Attenello et al&#46; found that weekend admission was associated with a higher probability of adverse events&#44; increased length of stay and increased costs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> In contrast&#44; in our study we found a higher degree of adherence to recommendations during weekends and holidays &#40;weekends&#47;holidays&#44; 73&#46;97&#37; vs&#46; weekdays&#44; 58&#46;74&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#46; Our research group had already found a higher degree of adherence in the use of safety mechanisms in monitoring and invasive mechanical ventilation equipment in a previous study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Perhaps this is because the workflow is different on weekends and holidays&#44; with fewer interruptions&#44; allowing the staff to focus better on their work&#46; It is also possible that the professionals that cover weekend shifts are not the same as those scheduled during the week&#46; In our department&#44; weekend shifts are not covered by a fixed staff&#44; and the same professionals that work weekdays are scheduled for these shifts&#59; nevertheless&#44; if data on staff characteristics had been available&#44; it would have been interesting to compare them&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When it came to the readiness of ventilation equipment in individual patient stations&#44; we observed that adherence was better for preterm newborns with GAs of less than 32 weeks and patients located in the NIC-B or NIC-C rooms&#46; These rooms are the smallest and are where patients born at less than 30 weeks&#8217; gestation are usually hospitalised&#46; They are quieter&#44; darker and calmer&#44; and have a less stressful environment&#44; which promotes clinical stability and neurodevelopment in preterm newborns&#44; who are the most vulnerable patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> Perhaps their smaller size makes it easier to control equipment and keep everything in order&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also wanted to compare the months of July&#44; August and September with the rest of the year&#44; as we consider the summer a period with an increased risk of adverse events because less experienced staff is scheduled to cover for vacations&#46; We found that adherence to recommendations during these months was lower compared to the rest of the year &#40;52&#37; in the summer compared to 66&#46;06&#37; in the rest of the year&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#44; which was similar to the results of a study conducted by Utrera Torres et al&#46; that found a higher incidence of accidental extubation in the summer period&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When it came to occupancy&#44; while the results were statistically significant and suggested that the greater the occupancy the greater the adherence &#40;95&#46;02 vs&#46; 93&#46;10&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#41;&#44; they may not be clinically relevant because occupancy in our unit is always very high &#40;&#8805;90&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; RTSAs were effective in detecting weaknesses in the system that would have gone unnoticed otherwise&#46; Ursprung et al&#46; were the first to demonstrate the usefulness of RTSAs in a NICU&#44; as they found that auditing contributed to the prevention of future errors by detecting flaws in the system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;9</span></a> Another study that implemented safety rounds with hospital managers in adult and paediatric intensive care units had similar results&#44; as these audits succeeded in improving aspects of great importance to patient safety&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Our team has also demonstrated that the use of RTSAs to assess safety in the use of infusion pumps achieved significant improvements in their use&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Based on the findings of this study&#44; and in agreement with the nursing staff&#44; we have established that 1 random audit will be carried out every week by either of 2 of the authors of the study &#40;EBS&#44; CPG&#41; to assess adherence to recommendations&#44; especially in relation to the crash trolley&#46; We have developed a checklist for the purpose that includes all the elements that need to be evaluated&#46; The resulting information is to be collected and analysed once every trimester&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the limitations of the study was that due to the time constraints of researchers&#44; we were unable to include night shifts in the audits&#46; Auditing weekends and night shifts is advisable because differing issues might arise during these compared with day shifts or weekdays&#44; since there may be changes in staff and workflow organisation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In our department&#44; night shifts are not fixed and are covered by the same staff that works morning and evening shifts&#46; Another limitation was the small sample size in the analysis of the presence and functioning of laryngoscopes in crash trolleys&#44; because while trolleys were inspected in every audit&#44; there is only one trolley in each intensive care room&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The adherence to recommendations regarding the documentation and equipment needed for ventilation in resuscitation of critical patients was lower than expected&#46; Real-time safety audits helped detect risk situations that will allow us to develop strategies to improve adherence to protocols as regards patient safety&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Funding</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We received a small amount of money from Massimo and Carefusion used exclusively to fund the database for collecting the study data&#46; The funding sources did not participate in any capacity in the design or performance of the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Random audits are a safety tool to help in the prevention of adverse events&#44; but they have not been widely used in hospitals&#46; The aim of the study was to determine&#44; through random safety audits&#44; whether the information and material required for resuscitation were available for each patient in a neonatal intensive care unit and determine if factors related to the patient&#44; time or location affect the implementation of the recommendations&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective observational study conducted in a level III-C neonatal intensive care unit during the year 2012&#46; The evaluation of written information on the endotracheal tube&#44; mask and ambu bag prepared of each patient and laryngoscopes of the emergency trolley were included within a broader audit of technological resources and study procedures&#46; The technological resources and procedures were randomly selected twice a week for audit&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Appropriate overall use</span> was defined when all evaluated variables were correctly programmed in the same procedure&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 296 audits were performed&#46; The kappa coefficient of inter-observer agreement was 0&#46;93&#46; The rate of appropriate overall use of written information and material required for resuscitation was 62&#46;50&#37; &#40;185&#47;296&#41;&#46; Mask and ambu bag prepared for each patient was the variable with better compliance &#40;97&#46;3&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; Significant differences were found with improved usage during weekends vs&#46; working-day &#40;73&#46;97 vs&#46; 58&#46;74&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; and the rest of the year vs&#46; 3rd quarter &#40;66&#46;06 vs&#46; 52&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Only in 62&#46;5&#37; of cases was the information and the material necessary to attend to a critical situation urgently easily available&#46; Opportunities for improvement were identified through the audits&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las auditor&#237;as en tiempo real son una herramienta de seguridad que apenas se ha aplicado anteriormente en el &#225;mbito hospitalario&#46; El objetivo del estudio fue determinar mediante auditor&#237;as si la informaci&#243;n y el material necesario para la reanimaci&#243;n estaban disponibles para cada paciente de cuidados intensivos y si factores relacionados con el paciente&#44; el momento o su ubicaci&#243;n en la unidad influyen en el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado durante el a&#241;o 2012 en una unidad neonatal nivel III-C&#46; Dentro de un estudio m&#225;s amplio de auditor&#237;as de recursos tecnol&#243;gicos y procedimientos se incluy&#243; la evaluaci&#243;n de la informaci&#243;n escrita sobre el tubo endotraqueal&#44; mascarilla y amb&#250; de cada paciente y los laringoscopios del carro de parada&#46; Dos veces por semana al azar se seleccionaba qu&#233; procedimiento o recurso se iba a evaluar&#46; Se defini&#243; la variable <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">uso global adecuado</span> cuando todos los &#237;tems evaluados eran correctos en el mismo procedimiento&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realizaron 17 auditor&#237;as que incluyeron 296 valoraciones&#46; El coeficiente kappa interobservador fue 0&#44;93&#46; La frecuencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">uso global adecuado</span> de la informaci&#243;n y el material de reanimaci&#243;n fue de 62&#44;50&#37; &#40;185&#47;296&#41;&#46; La mascarilla y amb&#250; preparado en cada paciente fue la variable mejor cumplimentada &#40;97&#44;3&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; El <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">uso global adecuado</span> fue mejor en d&#237;as festivos que en laborables &#40;73&#44;97 vs&#46; 58&#44;74&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; y el resto del a&#241;o frente al verano &#40;66&#44;06 vs&#46; 52&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Solo en el 62&#44;5&#37; de los casos toda la informaci&#243;n y el material necesario para atender una situaci&#243;n cr&#237;tica de forma urgente estaba f&#225;cilmente disponible&#46; Gracias a las auditor&#237;as se identificaron oportunidades de mejora&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Bergon-Sendin E&#44; Perez-Grande MC&#44; Lora-Pablos D&#44; Melgar-Bonis A&#44; Ureta-Velasco N&#44; Moral-Pumarega MT&#44; et al&#46; Auditor&#237;as de seguridad en tiempo real en una unidad neonatal&#46; An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2017&#59;87&#58;148&#8211;154&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Previous presentations&#58; This study was presented in part at the I Jornada de Investigaci&#243;n en Medicina Perinatal organised by the SENeo&#59; October 23&#44; 2012&#59; Madrid&#44; Spain&#59; the XXIV Congreso de Neonatolog&#237;a y Medicina Perinatal organised by the SENeo&#59; October 4&#44; 2013&#59; Barcelona&#44; Spain&#59; the 5th Congress of the European Academy of Paediatric Societies&#59; October 20&#44; 2014&#59; Barcelona&#44; Spain&#59; the II Jornadas de Investigaci&#243;n en Medicina Perinatal organised by the SENeo&#59; September 30&#44; 2014&#59; Madrid&#44; Spain&#59; and the XXV Congreso de Neonatolog&#237;a and V Congreso de Enfermer&#237;a Neonatal&#59; May 20&#8211;22&#44; 2015&#59; Seville&#44; Spain&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Procedures&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Masimo RADICAL-7<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> pulse oximeter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Necessary information and material to perform resuscitation in critical situations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Patient identification&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Viasys Infant Flow system <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Administration of enteral nutrition&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Dr&#228;ger Caleo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> and Ohmeda Giraffe<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> incubators&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Administration of fluid therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Alaris<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> pumps for medication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Developmental care&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Alaris <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> pumps for fluid therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Identification and treatment of pain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Alaris <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> pumps for enteral nutrition&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Hand hygiene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Phototherapy lamps&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Written information for parents&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ikaria<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> nitric oxide delivery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Airway management&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Inspiration Healthcare Tecotherm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> hypothermia system&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Documentation and equipment needed for resuscitation in critical situations &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> observations&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Appropriate use &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Appropriate overall use &#37; &#40;confidence interval&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Written documentation</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 278&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">197&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70&#46;86 &#40;65&#46;52&#8211;76&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Endotracheal tube size and length of insertion recorded in patient chart &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;18 &#40;45&#46;42&#8211;72&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nasogastric tube size and length of insertion recorded in patient chart &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 276&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">207&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&#46;00 &#40;69&#46;89&#8211;80&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ventilation equipment for each patient</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 296&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">288&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;30 &#40;95&#46;45&#8211;99&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bag-valve mask and mask ready in each patient&#39;s station &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 296&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">288&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;30 &#40;95&#46;45&#8211;99&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Laryngoscopes in crash trolley</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;82 &#40;35&#46;43&#8211;82&#46;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades of size 0 and 00 in crash trolley in NIC A &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades of size 0 and 00 in crash trolley in NIC B &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;24 &#40;72&#46;92&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades of size 0 and 00 in crash trolley in NIC C &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades work properly in NIC A &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades work properly in NIC B &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&#46;35 &#40;64&#46;23&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades work properly in C &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NIC A adequate laryngoscopes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;24 &#40;72&#46;92&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NIC B adequate laryngoscopes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&#46;47 &#40;56&#46;31&#8211;96&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NIC C adequate laryngoscopes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overall appropriate use</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 296&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&#46;50 &#40;56&#46;98&#8211;68&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Birth weight &#40;g&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> measurements<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gestational age &#40;weeks&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> measurements<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> measurements&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Location &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> measurements&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#60;1500 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#8805;1500 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#60;32 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#8805;32 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Male &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Female &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NIC A &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NIC B<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="13" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Documentation and equipment necessary for resuscitation in critical situations &#40;N&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Written documentation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;51 &#40;111&#47;151&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;21 &#40;82&#47;122&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;84 &#40;127&#47;172&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;71 &#40;69&#47;105&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69&#46;50 &#40;98&#47;141&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">72&#46;26 &#40;99&#47;137&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;93 &#40;89&#47;135&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&#46;52 &#40;108&#47;143&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ventilation equipment for each patient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;04 &#40;150&#47;153&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96&#46;38 &#40;133&#47;138&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;85 &#40;172&#47;174&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&#46;04 &#40;115&#47;121&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;33 &#40;146&#47;150&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;26 &#40;142&#47;146&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&#46;39 &#40;145&#47;152&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;31 &#40;143&#47;144&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Laryngoscopes in crash trolley&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;21 &#40;86&#47;153&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;49 &#40;89&#47;138&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;64 &#40;77&#47;121&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;90 &#40;99&#47;174&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;33 &#40;92&#47;150&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;22 &#40;85&#47;146&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;24 &#40;15&#47;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70&#46;59 &#40;12&#47;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#37; of overall appropriate use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;44 &#40;94&#47;153&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;04 &#40;87&#47;138&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;22 &#40;110&#47;174&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;16 &#40;74&#47;121&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#46;67 &#40;91&#47;150&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;38 &#40;94&#47;146&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;21 &#40;90&#47;152&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;97 &#40;95&#47;144&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Day</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Shift</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Trimester</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Weekday &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Holiday&#47;weekend &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evening &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3rd trimester &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rest of year &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Documentation and equipment necessary for resuscitation in critical situations &#40;n&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Written documentation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">66&#46;99 &#40;138&#47;206&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&#46;94 &#40;59&#47;72&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#46;61 &#40;40&#47;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74&#46;06 &#40;157&#47;212&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71&#46;23 &#40;52&#47;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70&#46;73 &#40;145&#47;205&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ventilation equipment for each patient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96&#46;41 &#40;215&#47;223&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100 &#40;73&#47;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Original Article
Real-time safety audits in a neonatal unit
Auditorías de seguridad en tiempo real en una unidad neonatal
Elena Bergon-Sendina,
Corresponding author
ebergon@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, María del Carmen Perez-Grandea, David Lora-Pablosb, Ana Melgar-Bonisa, Noelia Ureta-Velascoa, María Teresa Moral-Pumaregaa, Carmen Rosa Pallas-Alonsoa
a Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
b Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica I+s12, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adverse health care events are a significant problem worldwide&#44; as they are associated with a high morbidity in the short and long term&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a> In the case of neonatal intensive care units &#40;NICUs&#41;&#44; several studies have demonstrated that adverse events are a substantial problem&#44; and all possible efforts are being made to minimise their occurrence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;8</span></a> Furthermore&#44; critical unplanned events often happen in the NICU that favour the occurrence of adverse events&#46; Therefore&#44; it is essential that we identify the essential equipment needed to address these situations&#44; such as every component needed to intubate and ventilate patients during resuscitation&#44; and ensure that equipment is always accessible and functions correctly&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are various safety tools at our disposal&#44; including real-time safety audits &#40;RTSAs&#41;&#44; which are widely used in high-risk industries on account of their considerable ability to identify errors and risk situations and facilitate their prevention&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a> However&#44; this approach has barely been applied to hospital settings&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For these reasons&#44; we decided to use RTSAs to assess the adherence in our NICU to recommendations regarding the ventilation equipment that needs to be ready at each patient&#39;s station&#44; the intubation equipment in each crash trolley and the documentation necessary to manage a critical situation&#46; The aim of our study was to determine by means of audits whether the documentation and equipment needed for resuscitation was ready for each intensive care patient&#44; and whether factors related to patient characteristics&#44; the time of admission or the location in the unit had an impact on the degree of adherence to recommendations&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a prospective observational study between January 1 and December 31&#44; 2012 in the framework of a broader study whose purpose is to determine whether safety mechanisms in devices and protocols for the performance of the most frequent procedures were used correctly by conducting RTSA rounds&#46; In this article&#44; we will only describe the variables related to the documentation and equipment for ventilation in resuscitation during critical situations&#46; Previous articles published by our group<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> described other variables assessed in the broader project&#44; such as those related to monitoring and invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation systems and infusion pumps&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We started by consulting with physicians and nurses using a modified Delphi method to determine which were the devices and procedures for which recommendations were neglected most often in order to ensure the inclusion of the most relevant devices and procedures in the study&#46; We included a total of 23 devices&#47;procedures &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; To carry out the audits&#44; we created different cards detailing the variables that had to be evaluated for a given device or procedure&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For every week in the period under study&#44; we randomly selected 2 days &#40;weekdays or weekend days&#41; and one shift &#40;morning or evening&#41;&#46; We also selected two cards at random to conduct the audit on selected day&#46; One researcher &#40;EBS or MCPG&#44; both of who are clinical neonatologists employed in the unit&#41; determined the devices or procedures that needed to be audited and were in use in any of the patients each day&#44; and audited the variables under study for the selected devices or procedures&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When it came to the documentation and equipment needed for ventilation in critical situations&#44; the audited variables concerned the documentation written in the chart of each patient &#40;size and length of endotracheal tube recorded in patient chart &#91;yes&#47;no&#93;&#44; size and length of nasogastric tube recorded in patient chart &#91;yes&#47;no&#93;&#41;&#44; the ventilation supplies available at each patient&#39;s station &#40;bag-valve mask and mask of appropriate size ready in each station &#91;yes&#47;no&#93;&#41; and the laryngoscopes in the crash trolley of each intensive care room &#40;0 and 00 handles and blades in the crash trolley &#91;yes&#47;no&#93;&#44; and correct functioning of laryngoscopes &#40;yes&#47;no&#93;&#41;&#46; We also defined a variable called <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overall appropriate use</span> that was only considered positive when all items evaluated for a specific procedure were in order&#44; that is&#44; if correct information concerning endotracheal and nasogastric tubes had been entered in the patient&#39;s chart&#44; the bag-valve mask and the appropriate mask were available in the incubator&#44; and the laryngoscopes in the room where the newborn was located functioned correctly and there was a sufficient supply of 0 and 00 size blades&#46; &#8220;Overall use&#8221; was only considered appropriate if all of the above was correctly done for a given patient&#46; Furthermore&#44; we analysed the degree of agreement between the 2 researchers by conducting simultaneous auditing rounds&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the exception of the department chief and the nurse supervisors&#44; the staff of the NICU were unaware of the purpose of the auditing&#44; but when serious errors that may have posed a danger to patients were detected&#44; the staff in charge of the patient were immediately notified&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our unit is a III-C level NICU with 500 admissions a year&#46; The NICU is divided into 3 intensive care rooms of different characteristics&#58; a large room with 10 intensive care beds &#40;NIC-A&#41; and 2 small rooms with 4 and 5 intensive care beds &#40;NIC-B and NIC-C&#41; and 2 additional rooms with 24 intermediate care beds&#46; The patient&#47;nurse ratio in the NICU is 2&#58;1&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Other variables</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We collected data on patient&#44; time of admission and NICU characteristics to assess whether they had an impact on adherence to the protocols for the procedures&#58; birth weight&#44; gestational age &#40;GA&#41;&#44; sex&#44; workweek or weekend&#47;holiday&#44; morning or evening shift&#44; NICU occupancy at time of audit and location of patient in the unit&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Ethical considerations</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The object of the study was the auditing of equipment and procedures in the neonatal department&#46; We consulted with the Clinical Research Ethics Committee and verified that current Spanish law does not require a review by an Ethics Committee for this type of study&#46; We obtained the informed consent of the department head and supervisors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have expressed continuous variables as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation &#40;SD&#41; and categorical variables as absolute and relative frequencies&#46; We used the chi square test or Fisher&#39;s exact test with contingency tables to compare proportions and determine the statistical significance of their differences&#46; We compared the distribution of ordinal and continuous values by means of Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test or the Wilcoxon&#8211;Mann&#8211;Whitney test&#44; as applicable&#46; We performed logistic regression to assess the strength of the association between appropriate use and several variables including GA&#44; birth weight&#44; sex&#44; location in NICU&#44; weekday or weekend&#47;holiday&#44; morning or evening shift&#44; month and unit occupancy&#46; We present the results in the form of 95&#37; confidence intervals&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the period under study&#44; we performed 17 audits that included 296 evaluations of the documentation and equipment required for resuscitation in critical situations that we have already described&#46; The kappa coefficient corresponding to the agreement of the 2 researchers that carried out the audits was 0&#46;93&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The frequency of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overall appropriate use</span> of the necessary information and equipment for ventilation in resuscitation in critical situations was 62&#46;50&#37; &#40;185&#47;296&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> presents the frequencies of appropriate adherence to recommendations for the different variables under study&#46; The variable for which we found the highest degree of adherence was the ventilation equipment at the patient&#39;s station &#40;97&#46;3&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> presents the results on the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overall appropriate use</span> of documentation and materials needed for ventilation during resuscitation in critical situations in relation to patient characteristics and location in the unit&#44; and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> describes the results on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overall appropriate use</span> in relation to time characteristics&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overall appropriate use</span> was greater in weekends or holidays compared to weekdays &#40;73&#46;97&#37; vs&#46; 58&#46;74&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; and lesser in the summer compared to the rest of the year &#40;52&#37; vs&#46; 66&#46;06&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#46; Adherence to recommendations on ventilation supplies at individual patient stations was better in newborns of less than 32 weeks&#8217; GA and in patients located in the NIC-B or C &#40;98&#46;85&#37; for GA &#60;32 weeks compared to 95&#46;04&#37; for GA &#8805;32 weeks &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;04&#93;&#59; 95&#46;39&#37; in NIC-B&#47;C vs&#46; 99&#46;31&#37; in NIC-A &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#93;&#41;&#46; Documentation in patients&#8217; charts was better on weekends&#47;holidays and in the evening shift &#40;81&#46;94&#37; on weekends&#47;holidays vs&#46; 66&#46;99&#37; on weekdays &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#93;&#59; 74&#46;06&#37; in the evening shift vs&#46; 60&#46;61&#37; in the morning shift &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The occupation rate in the unit when overall use was appropriate was 95&#46;02&#37; &#40;79&#8211;105&#37;&#41; compared to 93&#46;10&#37; when overall use was inappropriate &#40;79&#8211;105&#37;&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discussion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our prospective observational study showed a percentage lower than expected of adherence to recommendations on the information recorded in patient charts&#44; the material ready for ventilation for each patient and the preparation of laryngoscopic equipment in crash trolleys&#46; More specifically&#44; had there been a critical situation&#44; the documentation and full equipment needed for resuscitation would only have been readily available for 62&#37; of the patients&#46; This is a very important aspect in patient safety&#44; since the perceptions of health professionals may significantly diverge from reality&#44; as was the case in our study&#46; We do not know of any other study that specifically assessed the same items as we did here&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The availability of a bag-valve mask and mask of appropriate size by each patient was the variable for which we found the highest degree of adherence&#46; We found no significant differences in any of the other variables under study&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The RTSAs detected flaws in the resuscitation equipment in nearly 40&#37; of instances&#46; As we already noted&#44; we could not compare this result with others in the literature&#46; We only found one study that reported that 31&#37; out of 693 surveyed paediatric anaesthesiologists had experienced problems with the difficult airway trolley&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Since these data originated from a survey&#44; a comparison would be challenging&#44; as they may be affected by recall bias&#46; The success of advanced life support measures partly depends on the availability of a resuscitation trolley with the necessary equipment and medication&#46; Missing or defective equipment can significantly compromise resuscitation efforts&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Current recommendations call for the staff in the unit to check the contents of the crash trolley&#44; restock supplies as needed for all devices and check the expiration date of drugs&#44; and for designating a staff member to be responsible for checking and maintaining the crash trolley&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contrary to what we expected&#44; we found that admission during weekends&#44; holidays or evening shifts and high unit occupancy did not foster non-adherence to recommendations on the safety variables under study&#46; Attenello et al&#46; found that weekend admission was associated with a higher probability of adverse events&#44; increased length of stay and increased costs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> In contrast&#44; in our study we found a higher degree of adherence to recommendations during weekends and holidays &#40;weekends&#47;holidays&#44; 73&#46;97&#37; vs&#46; weekdays&#44; 58&#46;74&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#46; Our research group had already found a higher degree of adherence in the use of safety mechanisms in monitoring and invasive mechanical ventilation equipment in a previous study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Perhaps this is because the workflow is different on weekends and holidays&#44; with fewer interruptions&#44; allowing the staff to focus better on their work&#46; It is also possible that the professionals that cover weekend shifts are not the same as those scheduled during the week&#46; In our department&#44; weekend shifts are not covered by a fixed staff&#44; and the same professionals that work weekdays are scheduled for these shifts&#59; nevertheless&#44; if data on staff characteristics had been available&#44; it would have been interesting to compare them&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When it came to the readiness of ventilation equipment in individual patient stations&#44; we observed that adherence was better for preterm newborns with GAs of less than 32 weeks and patients located in the NIC-B or NIC-C rooms&#46; These rooms are the smallest and are where patients born at less than 30 weeks&#8217; gestation are usually hospitalised&#46; They are quieter&#44; darker and calmer&#44; and have a less stressful environment&#44; which promotes clinical stability and neurodevelopment in preterm newborns&#44; who are the most vulnerable patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> Perhaps their smaller size makes it easier to control equipment and keep everything in order&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also wanted to compare the months of July&#44; August and September with the rest of the year&#44; as we consider the summer a period with an increased risk of adverse events because less experienced staff is scheduled to cover for vacations&#46; We found that adherence to recommendations during these months was lower compared to the rest of the year &#40;52&#37; in the summer compared to 66&#46;06&#37; in the rest of the year&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#44; which was similar to the results of a study conducted by Utrera Torres et al&#46; that found a higher incidence of accidental extubation in the summer period&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When it came to occupancy&#44; while the results were statistically significant and suggested that the greater the occupancy the greater the adherence &#40;95&#46;02 vs&#46; 93&#46;10&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#41;&#44; they may not be clinically relevant because occupancy in our unit is always very high &#40;&#8805;90&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; RTSAs were effective in detecting weaknesses in the system that would have gone unnoticed otherwise&#46; Ursprung et al&#46; were the first to demonstrate the usefulness of RTSAs in a NICU&#44; as they found that auditing contributed to the prevention of future errors by detecting flaws in the system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;9</span></a> Another study that implemented safety rounds with hospital managers in adult and paediatric intensive care units had similar results&#44; as these audits succeeded in improving aspects of great importance to patient safety&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Our team has also demonstrated that the use of RTSAs to assess safety in the use of infusion pumps achieved significant improvements in their use&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Based on the findings of this study&#44; and in agreement with the nursing staff&#44; we have established that 1 random audit will be carried out every week by either of 2 of the authors of the study &#40;EBS&#44; CPG&#41; to assess adherence to recommendations&#44; especially in relation to the crash trolley&#46; We have developed a checklist for the purpose that includes all the elements that need to be evaluated&#46; The resulting information is to be collected and analysed once every trimester&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the limitations of the study was that due to the time constraints of researchers&#44; we were unable to include night shifts in the audits&#46; Auditing weekends and night shifts is advisable because differing issues might arise during these compared with day shifts or weekdays&#44; since there may be changes in staff and workflow organisation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In our department&#44; night shifts are not fixed and are covered by the same staff that works morning and evening shifts&#46; Another limitation was the small sample size in the analysis of the presence and functioning of laryngoscopes in crash trolleys&#44; because while trolleys were inspected in every audit&#44; there is only one trolley in each intensive care room&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The adherence to recommendations regarding the documentation and equipment needed for ventilation in resuscitation of critical patients was lower than expected&#46; Real-time safety audits helped detect risk situations that will allow us to develop strategies to improve adherence to protocols as regards patient safety&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Funding</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We received a small amount of money from Massimo and Carefusion used exclusively to fund the database for collecting the study data&#46; The funding sources did not participate in any capacity in the design or performance of the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Safety audits"
            1 => "Neonatal intensive care"
            2 => "Patient safety"
            3 => "Emergency trolley"
            4 => "Resuscitation material"
            5 => "Adverse events"
            6 => "Newborn"
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            0 => "Auditor&#237;as de seguridad"
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            2 => "Seguridad del paciente"
            3 => "Material de reanimaci&#243;n"
            4 => "Carro de parada"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Random audits are a safety tool to help in the prevention of adverse events&#44; but they have not been widely used in hospitals&#46; The aim of the study was to determine&#44; through random safety audits&#44; whether the information and material required for resuscitation were available for each patient in a neonatal intensive care unit and determine if factors related to the patient&#44; time or location affect the implementation of the recommendations&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective observational study conducted in a level III-C neonatal intensive care unit during the year 2012&#46; The evaluation of written information on the endotracheal tube&#44; mask and ambu bag prepared of each patient and laryngoscopes of the emergency trolley were included within a broader audit of technological resources and study procedures&#46; The technological resources and procedures were randomly selected twice a week for audit&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Appropriate overall use</span> was defined when all evaluated variables were correctly programmed in the same procedure&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 296 audits were performed&#46; The kappa coefficient of inter-observer agreement was 0&#46;93&#46; The rate of appropriate overall use of written information and material required for resuscitation was 62&#46;50&#37; &#40;185&#47;296&#41;&#46; Mask and ambu bag prepared for each patient was the variable with better compliance &#40;97&#46;3&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; Significant differences were found with improved usage during weekends vs&#46; working-day &#40;73&#46;97 vs&#46; 58&#46;74&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; and the rest of the year vs&#46; 3rd quarter &#40;66&#46;06 vs&#46; 52&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Only in 62&#46;5&#37; of cases was the information and the material necessary to attend to a critical situation urgently easily available&#46; Opportunities for improvement were identified through the audits&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las auditor&#237;as en tiempo real son una herramienta de seguridad que apenas se ha aplicado anteriormente en el &#225;mbito hospitalario&#46; El objetivo del estudio fue determinar mediante auditor&#237;as si la informaci&#243;n y el material necesario para la reanimaci&#243;n estaban disponibles para cada paciente de cuidados intensivos y si factores relacionados con el paciente&#44; el momento o su ubicaci&#243;n en la unidad influyen en el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado durante el a&#241;o 2012 en una unidad neonatal nivel III-C&#46; Dentro de un estudio m&#225;s amplio de auditor&#237;as de recursos tecnol&#243;gicos y procedimientos se incluy&#243; la evaluaci&#243;n de la informaci&#243;n escrita sobre el tubo endotraqueal&#44; mascarilla y amb&#250; de cada paciente y los laringoscopios del carro de parada&#46; Dos veces por semana al azar se seleccionaba qu&#233; procedimiento o recurso se iba a evaluar&#46; Se defini&#243; la variable <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">uso global adecuado</span> cuando todos los &#237;tems evaluados eran correctos en el mismo procedimiento&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realizaron 17 auditor&#237;as que incluyeron 296 valoraciones&#46; El coeficiente kappa interobservador fue 0&#44;93&#46; La frecuencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">uso global adecuado</span> de la informaci&#243;n y el material de reanimaci&#243;n fue de 62&#44;50&#37; &#40;185&#47;296&#41;&#46; La mascarilla y amb&#250; preparado en cada paciente fue la variable mejor cumplimentada &#40;97&#44;3&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; El <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">uso global adecuado</span> fue mejor en d&#237;as festivos que en laborables &#40;73&#44;97 vs&#46; 58&#44;74&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; y el resto del a&#241;o frente al verano &#40;66&#44;06 vs&#46; 52&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Solo en el 62&#44;5&#37; de los casos toda la informaci&#243;n y el material necesario para atender una situaci&#243;n cr&#237;tica de forma urgente estaba f&#225;cilmente disponible&#46; Gracias a las auditor&#237;as se identificaron oportunidades de mejora&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Bergon-Sendin E&#44; Perez-Grande MC&#44; Lora-Pablos D&#44; Melgar-Bonis A&#44; Ureta-Velasco N&#44; Moral-Pumarega MT&#44; et al&#46; Auditor&#237;as de seguridad en tiempo real en una unidad neonatal&#46; An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2017&#59;87&#58;148&#8211;154&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Previous presentations&#58; This study was presented in part at the I Jornada de Investigaci&#243;n en Medicina Perinatal organised by the SENeo&#59; October 23&#44; 2012&#59; Madrid&#44; Spain&#59; the XXIV Congreso de Neonatolog&#237;a y Medicina Perinatal organised by the SENeo&#59; October 4&#44; 2013&#59; Barcelona&#44; Spain&#59; the 5th Congress of the European Academy of Paediatric Societies&#59; October 20&#44; 2014&#59; Barcelona&#44; Spain&#59; the II Jornadas de Investigaci&#243;n en Medicina Perinatal organised by the SENeo&#59; September 30&#44; 2014&#59; Madrid&#44; Spain&#59; and the XXV Congreso de Neonatolog&#237;a and V Congreso de Enfermer&#237;a Neonatal&#59; May 20&#8211;22&#44; 2015&#59; Seville&#44; Spain&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Procedures&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Masimo RADICAL-7<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> pulse oximeter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Administration of medication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Viasys Infant Flow system <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> CPAP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Administration of enteral nutrition&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Dr&#228;ger Caleo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> and Ohmeda Giraffe<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> incubators&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Administration of fluid therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Alaris<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> pumps for medication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Hand hygiene&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Phototherapy lamps&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ikaria<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> nitric oxide delivery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Documentation and equipment needed for resuscitation in critical situations &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> observations&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Appropriate use &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Written documentation</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 278&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">197&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;18 &#40;45&#46;42&#8211;72&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nasogastric tube size and length of insertion recorded in patient chart &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 276&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">207&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&#46;00 &#40;69&#46;89&#8211;80&#46;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ventilation equipment for each patient</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 296&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">288&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;30 &#40;95&#46;45&#8211;99&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bag-valve mask and mask ready in each patient&#39;s station &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 296&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">288&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;30 &#40;95&#46;45&#8211;99&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Laryngoscopes in crash trolley</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;82 &#40;35&#46;43&#8211;82&#46;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades of size 0 and 00 in crash trolley in NIC A &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades of size 0 and 00 in crash trolley in NIC B &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;24 &#40;72&#46;92&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades of size 0 and 00 in crash trolley in NIC C &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades work properly in NIC A &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades work properly in NIC B &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&#46;35 &#40;64&#46;23&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handle and blades work properly in C &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NIC A adequate laryngoscopes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;24 &#40;72&#46;92&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NIC B adequate laryngoscopes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&#46;47 &#40;56&#46;31&#8211;96&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>NIC C adequate laryngoscopes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94&#46;12 &#40;82&#46;93&#8211;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overall appropriate use</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> 296&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&#46;50 &#40;56&#46;98&#8211;68&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Birth weight &#40;g&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> measurements<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gestational age &#40;weeks&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> measurements<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> measurements&#41;</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Location &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> measurements&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#60;1500 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#8805;1500 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#60;32 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#8805;32 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Male &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Female &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NIC A &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NIC B<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="13" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Documentation and equipment necessary for resuscitation in critical situations &#40;N&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Written documentation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;51 &#40;111&#47;151&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;21 &#40;82&#47;122&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;84 &#40;127&#47;172&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;71 &#40;69&#47;105&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69&#46;50 &#40;98&#47;141&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">72&#46;26 &#40;99&#47;137&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&#46;93 &#40;89&#47;135&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&#46;52 &#40;108&#47;143&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ventilation equipment for each patient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;04 &#40;150&#47;153&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96&#46;38 &#40;133&#47;138&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">98&#46;85 &#40;172&#47;174&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&#46;04 &#40;115&#47;121&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;33 &#40;146&#47;150&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;26 &#40;142&#47;146&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&#46;39 &#40;145&#47;152&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;31 &#40;143&#47;144&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Laryngoscopes in crash trolley&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;21 &#40;86&#47;153&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;49 &#40;89&#47;138&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;64 &#40;77&#47;121&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;90 &#40;99&#47;174&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;33 &#40;92&#47;150&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;22 &#40;85&#47;146&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;24 &#40;15&#47;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70&#46;59 &#40;12&#47;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#37; of overall appropriate use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;44 &#40;94&#47;153&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;22 &#40;110&#47;174&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;16 &#40;74&#47;121&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#46;67 &#40;91&#47;150&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;38 &#40;94&#47;146&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;21 &#40;90&#47;152&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71&#46;23 &#40;52&#47;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100 &#40;68&#47;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97&#46;33 &#40;73&#47;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;82 &#40;40&#47;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;00 &#40;39&#47;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                            0 => "L&#46;T&#46; Kohn"
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                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "editorial" => "Institute of Medicine Committee on Quality of Health Care in America&#44; National Academy Press &#40;US&#41;"
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              "identificador" => "bib0115"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Patient safety&#46; World Alliance for Patient Safety&#46; Patient safety"
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            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "A brief synopsis on patient safety"
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "E&#46;N&#46; De Vries"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Ramrattan"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "R&#46; Ursprung"
                            1 => "J&#46;E&#46; Gray"
                            2 => "W&#46;H&#46; Edwards"
                            3 => "J&#46;D&#46; Horbar"
                            4 => "J&#46; Nickerson"
                            5 => "P&#46; Plsek"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/qshc.2004.012542"
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                        "fecha" => "2005"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "284"
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                      "titulo" => "Medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients"
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                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Kaushal"
                            1 => "D&#46;W&#46; Bates"
                            2 => "C&#46; Landrigan"
                            3 => "K&#46;J&#46; McKenna"
                            4 => "M&#46;D&#46; Clapp"
                            5 => "F&#46; Federico"
                          ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "paginaInicial" => "2114"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2120"
                        "link" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Preventing medication errors in neonatology&#58; is it a dream&#63;"
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                            0 => "R&#46; Antonucci"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "37"
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                      "titulo" => "Preventing provider errors&#58; online total parenteral nutrition calculator"
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ISSN: 23412879
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Idiomas
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