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pleurodesis has proven to be a simple&#44; inexpensive&#44; efficacious and safe method&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4</span></a> We present the case of the first patient with persistent bilateral pneumothorax we have treated successfully with ABP&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was an infant aged 8 months with a crusty papular rash with onset at 3 months and weight faltering starting at age 5 months&#46; He was admitted to hospital due to respiratory distress of 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h duration&#46; The findings of plain radiography were compatible with interstitial lung disease and left pneumothorax&#46; A high-resolution CT scan of the chest revealed multiple bilateral cyst-like lesions&#44; left pneumothorax&#44; a mild mediastinal shift and partial collapse of the left lung &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The patient was admitted to the paediatric ICU to undergo drainage of the air leak&#46; A skin biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed&#44; with analysis of the latter finding 11&#46;6&#37; of CD1 cells in cytometry and 20&#37; of CD1 cells in the cytological examination&#44; both of which are compatible with Langerhans cell histiocytosis &#40;LCH&#41;&#46; There were no significant abnormal findings in any of the other diagnostic tests&#46; Treatment for systemic LCH with lung involvement was initiated with vinblastine and corticosteroids&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A chest tube was inserted in the left pleura&#44; and by 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h the patient had developed a right pneumothorax requiring placement of another chest tube&#44; with signs of a continuous bilateral air leak&#46; Persistence of the bilateral pneumothorax led to performance of ABPs in the left and right sides on days 40 and 42 of admission&#44; respectively&#46; The air leak ceased immediately in the left hemithorax&#44; and 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min after the procedure in the right hemithorax&#46; The follow-up X-rays showed complete resolution on both sides of the chest &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; The patient did not experience pain or other complications from the ABP&#44; and remained asymptomatic at two years&#8217; followup&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Persistent air leak is an infrequent complication following thoracic surgery&#44; spontaneous pneumothorax&#44; mechanical ventilation or lung infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> It is defined as an air leak lasting more than five days&#44; and is associated with increased morbidity&#44; hospital length of stay and cost of care&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> There is a large body of evidence on chemical pleurodesis&#44; which consists in the introduction of different substances in the pleural space &#40;talc&#44; tetracycline&#44; doxycycline and bleomycin&#41; to trigger an inflammatory response in the cavity that leads to adhesion of the visceral and parietal pleurae&#46; Previous research has described a decline in lung function following chemical pleurodesis in adults&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> The long-term effects of the use of these substances in children are not well understood&#46; Autologous blood patch pleurodesis has been studied extensively in adults&#44; and some authors propose it as the gold standard for treatment because it is cheap&#44; quick and safe&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> There is a published case series of children treated with this technique&#44; which was efficacious &#40;100&#37; success rate&#41; and safe&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the case presented here&#44; ABP was chosen due to the presence of underlying lung disease&#44; as there is no evidence of a decline in lung function following ABP&#44; while reduced function has been observed following the use of other substances&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> The technique consists in the instillation through a chest tube of 1&#8211;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg of blood previously extracted from the patient adhering to strict aseptic technique&#46; After the blood is instilled&#44; the cavity is rinsed with 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL of physiological saline solution and the chest tube is suspended 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm overhead for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min to prevent drainage of the instilled blood while allowing air to escape the chest&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4&#44;5</span></a> We recommend changing positions to facilitate a better distribution of the blood&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While the exact closure mechanism is not understood&#44; it has been postulated that the blood acts as a patch that directly seals the defect&#44; followed by an inflammatory response in the pleural cavity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In the case presented here&#44; treatment with vinblastine and corticosteroids promoted the persistence of pneumothorax&#44; making the patch-like effect all the more relevant&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most frequent complications of ABP are fever&#44; pneumothorax and empyema&#46; Unlike other techniques&#44; it is painless&#44; does not require sedation or analgesia&#44; and can be repeated&#46; We did not observe any of the previously described complications in our patient&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Autologous blood patch pleurodesis is a safe&#44; inexpensive and efficacious treatment for persistent air leak&#46; Larger studies need to be conducted in the paediatric population prior to recommending its routine use&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Navarro Mingorance A&#44; Pastor Vivero MD&#44; Le&#243;n Le&#243;n MC&#44; Reyes Dom&#237;nguez SB&#44; Fuster Soler JL&#46; Pleurodesis con sangre aut&#243;loga&#58; una soluci&#243;n&#44; segura y eficaz para el tratamiento de neumot&#243;rax persistente&#46; An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2016&#59;85&#58;157&#8211;158&#46;</p>"
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        "texto" => "<p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We wish to thank the nursing staff of the PICU and the paediatric oncology ward&#46;</p>"
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