Physical activity, screen time and sleep patterns in Chilean girls

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Aguilar, F.A. Vergara, E.J.A. Velásquez, A. García-Hermoso" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.M." "apellidos" => "Aguilar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F.A." "apellidos" => "Vergara" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E.J.A." "apellidos" => "Velásquez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "García-Hermoso" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "antonio.garcia.h@usach.cl" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Chile" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Actividad física, tiempo de pantalla y patrones de sueño en niñas chilenas" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionInadequate sleep in childhood has important consequences on health.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">1</a> It is also associated with attention difficulties, cognitive disorders, poor academic performance and mood disorders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">2</a> In this regard, sleep deprivation and sleep disorders are common in young adults and adolescents worldwide.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">3</a> In recent years, sleep deprivation has also attracted interest as a potential contributor to the obesity epidemic in children and adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">4</a> Along with research on sleep duration, several studies have also investigated sleep quality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">5,6</a>There is a wide range of lifestyle factors that influence sleep duration and quality in young individuals, among which are physical activity (PA) and health-related habits such as screen time (ST).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">7,8</a> The current literature on PA offers inconclusive and inconsistent findings.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">5,9–12</a> On the other hand, new technologies and the patterns of their use are changing rapidly and deserve more attention due to their impact on sleep and wellbeing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">7</a> Studies on this subject suggest that more than two hours a day of ST may negatively impact children,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">13</a> as it is associated with delayed sleep onset, night wakings, sleep-related anxiety and shortened sleep duration.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235">14,15</a>Although multiple studies have focused on physical exercise and ST separately, there is little evidence on the adherence to PA and ST recommendations and its relationship with sleep quality in youth. In this regard, girls seem to be an ideal target for the promotion of healthy habits, given their low levels of PA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">16</a> and poorer sleep habits (especially sleep-related anxiety)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">17</a> compared to their male peers. Thus, the objectives of this study were: (a) to study the association between PA, ST and both with sleep habits; (b) determine the influence of PA and ST habits on sleep problems in Chilean girls.Patients and methodsPatientsWe conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. We requested the participation of all the female students enrolled in the seventh year of primary school in seven schools in the region of Maule (Chile), and 196 (89%) accepted. The participants attended public, partially subsidised and private schools in rural areas. The study had a convenience sample. We excluded girls that had special education needs or any disorder that limited their ability to engage in physical activity. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Autónoma de Chile and later on by the principal of each school. After obtaining approval, we sent a letter to the parents of all children in seventh grade inviting them to a meeting where we informed them of the objectives of the study and obtained their written consent for the participation of their children in the study. Lastly, we collected all the signed forms and the researchers met with the physical education teacher to collect data in autumn of 2014 (March–June).Anthropometric measurementsParticipants wearing light clothing were weighed twice using a digital scale accurate to 100g. Their height was measured twice with the patient barefoot using a wall stadiometer. The means of both measurements were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI) as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres (kg/m2). Last of all, the children were classified as having normal weight or overweight/obesity based on the cut-off points established by the International Obesity Task Force.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">18</a>Physical activityThe instrument used to measure physical activity was the Spanish version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">19</a> Broadly speaking, the PAQ-A was designed to assess the levels of moderate and vigorous PA in youth. Physical activity was defined as “sports, exercise or dance that make you sweat or get tired, or games that that make you breathe heavily such as playing tag, skipping rope, running, climbing and others”. Participants were asked to quantify their levels of PA activity during their free time in the past seven days. The total PA score was obtained by averaging the nine items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1–5; with higher scores corresponding to higher levels of PA).Screen timeSelf-reported ST was measured by means of three questions that asked about the number of hours of free time a day spent watching television, playing computer or video games, and using the computer for anything other than games (emailing, chatting online, web browsing or homework). These questions were used in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">20</a> Lastly, the average daily ST was calculated using the sum of these three questions. Thus, ST was categorised as low-moderate if it was below two hours a day, and as high if it amounted to two or more hours a day, following the recommendations on the subject of the American Academy of Paediatrics.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">21</a>Sleep habits and problemsThe questionnaire used to assess sleep habits and problems was the Spanish version of the Sleep Self-Report (SSR).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">17</a> Each item is rated on a 3-point scale to indicate the frequency of each habit: usually (2=5–7 times a week), sometimes (1=2–4 times a week) and rarely (0=never or once a week). The questionnaire comprises 19 items (three of them gather additional information but are not scored in any subscale) grouped into four subscales: (a) sleep quality; (b) sleep anxiety; (c) bedtime resistance; and (d) sleep routines. The total score is calculated by adding the scores of the 16 items (total score variable). Higher scores indicate more sleep-related problems. We used the cut-off points to indicate sleep problems applying the criteria established by Orgilés, Owens, Espada, Piqueras, Carballo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">17</a>: 7 for sleep quality, 6 for sleep-related anxiety, 4 for bedtime resistance, 3 for sleep routines and 16 for the total score.Socioeconomic statusWe assessed socioeconomic status with a scale adapted from Graffar's method,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">22</a> and considering three categories based on the school under study (low, middle and high). These categories have been used recently in studies of Chilean children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">23</a>Statistical analysisWe have expressed continuous variables as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables as frequency distributions. We used the Kolmogorov–Smirnoff test to assess the normality of the distributions. Analysis of variance was used to determine the differences in sleep habits (sleep quality, sleep-related anxiety, bedtime resistance, sleep routines and total score) by PA and ST categories (moderate-low vs high), adjusting for age, BMI, socioeconomic status, having a television set in the room and PA or ST depending on the independent variable included in the model. We calculated the effect size (ES) using the estimated marginal means, and subsequently classified it as small (0.20–0.50), moderate (0.51–0.80) or large (>0.80).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">24</a> Last of all, we used logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) to determine the influence of adherence to PA and ST habits (independent variable=adheres to none, one, or both habits) on the probability of having sleep problems (dependent variable), adjusting for age, BMI, socioeconomic status and presence or absence of a television set in the room. We performed the statistical analysis with the SPSS software version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).Results<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the characteristics of the participating girls. Of all participants, 35.53% were classified as having overweight/obesity. The prevalence of sleep problems was 9.20% (total score). As for ST, 63.26% of the girls exceeded the recommended time (≥2h/day). Lastly, when the criteria for both PA (last quartile) and ST were combined, only 11.73% adhered to recommendations for both.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the differences in the different sleep subscales by PA and ST categories, adjusted for age, BMI, socioeconomic status, having a television in the room and PA or ST depending on the independent variable included in the model. The results showed that less active girls had higher total scores, although the differences were small (9.92 vs 8.78; ES, 0.26). On the other hand, girls that exceeded the recommended ST (≥2h/day) showed a slightly poorer sleep quality (3.05 vs 3.93; ES, 0.43) and total score (8.43 vs 10.37; ES, 0.38). Lastly, analysing PA and ST in combination we found that girls that complied with recommendations for both had a better sleep quality (3.23 vs 4.76; ES, 0.79) and a better total score (10.77 vs 8.05; ES, 0.50), differences that were moderate.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Last of all, the logistic regression model showed that girls that did not adhere to recommendations for either habit (≥1.97 for PA and <2h/day of ST) were more likely to have problems in sleep quality problems (OR, 17.80; P=0.018) or in sleep overall as assessed by the total score (OR, 7.85; P=0.025) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionThis study shows that healthy PA and ST habits are associated with better sleep quality. Furthermore, girls that adhere to recommendations for both PA and ST habits seem to have better sleep quality and total sleep scores. Conversely, not adhering to either habit predicted problems in the sleep quality and in total score of participating girls. Compared to their male peers, girls show lower levels of PA (assessed by accelerometry),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">16</a> worse sleep habits (assessed by electroencephalography<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">25</a> or questionnaires<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">17</a>) and similar ST habits (they play fewer videogames but use mobile phones more).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">26</a> Thus, it seems that we should study this young population thoroughly and promote healthy habits in it. Our cross-sectional study suggests that girls should be advised to limit or decrease their ST, especially before or during sleep hours in order to minimise its negative impact on sleep and wellbeing, and to promote an active lifestyle.The assumption that PA promotes better sleep is based on several hypotheses about energy conservation, tissue repair or temperature down-regulation in the individual.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">27</a> Recent studies have analysed this association by means of accelerometry. Accelerometers estimate the PA performed by the child over several days (usually one week), and at night they record the actual times the child falls asleep (sleep onset) and wakes up (end of sleep), calculating total sleep duration and night wakings. In this regard, a recent study reported that more active children have poorer sleep quality (more night wakings).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">11</a> Its authors noted that higher levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with more fragmented sleep, although going to bed earlier was associated with less time spent in sedentary behaviour the following day. Conversely, several studies have shown a positive correlation with several sleep-quality parameters. Thus, MVPA has been associated with increased sleep efficiency (percentage of sleep per time in bed)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">10</a> and fewer night wakings,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">5</a> with some studies assessing sleep by means of electroencephalography.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">28</a> It also appears that children that go to bed and get out of bed earlier are more active during the day.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">9</a> In our study, the results of the self-administered questionnaire corroborated these findings, showing that girls that were more active achieved better total scores than their less-active peers (ES, 0.26). At the same time, compared to other populations assessed by means of this questionnaire,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260">19,29</a> the girls in our sample showed a higher level of inactivity, so it would be necessary to establish whether a higher level of PA leads to better sleep<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">10</a> or the other way around.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">11</a>Several studies have demonstrated the negative impact of digital media on the sleep of young individuals, especially on sleep duration<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">30</a> and delayed bedtimes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">31</a> However, their effects and the specific mechanisms involved remain unclear.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">7,8</a> Our study showed that girls with higher STs had poorer sleep quality (for example, waking at night due to some kind of pain) (ES, 0.43) and a worse total score compared to their peers with lesser STs (ES, 0.38). Some of the mechanisms that could explain this fact are greater physiological arousal, which would make it harder for girls to relax before bed, and a suppression of melatonin secretion due to exposure to the bright light of displays, which would promote delays in the circadian rhythm.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">32</a> Similarly, higher STs at bedtime could be due to an increase in educational computer use or that this age (13 years) is the minimum required to register in various popular social networks.When it comes to both habits, we only found one study on the subject that analysed adherence to the recommendations concerning PA (>60min/day of MVPA) and ST (>2h/day) in relation to sleep quality in children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">9</a> These authors noted that going to bed and getting up late are associated with a lesser degree of adherence to PA and ST recommendations, and thus with worse health, regardless of sleep duration. Our study supports these findings, as it suggests that the most important factor associated with poorer sleep quality (ES=0.79) and total score (ES=0.50) is non-adherence with recommendations for both of these habits. Furthermore, non-adherence seems to predict sleep quality problems and sleep problems in general (total score). This fact may be due to girls devoting more time to digital media and consequently reducing the time spent sleeping or in other activities related to good sleep hygiene (for example, PA). Thus, we would expect a perception of decreased sleep and poorer sleep quality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">17</a>LimitationsThere are limitations to the study that ought to be considered: (a) it is a cross-sectional study, and thus the results cannot be used to establish causality; (b) self-reported data may be biased and do not provide the direct measurements of sleep that can otherwise be obtained by electroencephalography or accelerometry; (c) the answers to the sleep questionnaire are based on the past week, which may make detection of sleep problems difficult, as it requires a longer assessment period,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">17</a> and the questionnaire does not differentiate between weekdays and weekends; (d) the data obtained on the levels of PA and ST (sedentary habits) cannot provide a precise representation of the variables under study; and last of all (e) we did not take into account the pubertal development of the girls, an aspect that could influence their anthropometric measurements and possibly their sleep quality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">33</a>ConclusionsThe findings of this study point to the need to analyse the impact of PA and ST habits in combination for the prevention of sleep-related disorders and associated health parameters, including obesity. However, the discrepancies found between questionnaires and objective measures suggest that further research is needed that uses objective measurements (accelerometry) to establish conclusive results on the matter, as well as randomised controlled interventions that promote both habits.Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres585595" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec601455" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres585594" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec601456" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Anthropometric measurements" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Physical activity" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Screen time" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Sleep habits and problems" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Socioeconomic status" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Discussion" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Limitations" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2014-10-21" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-12-02" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec601455" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Sedentary behaviour" 1 => "Sleep quality" 2 => "Healthy lifestyle" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec601456" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Conducta sedentaria" 1 => "Calidad del sueño" 2 => "Estilos de vida saludables" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionPhysical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep are modifiable lifestyle habits for health. The objectives of this study were: (a) to examine the association between PA, ST, and both, on sleep patterns; and (b) to determine the influence of PA and ST on sleep problems in Chilean girls. Patients and methodsThe study involved 196 children (12.2 years). Patterns and sleep problems were assessed using the Spanish version of the Sleep Self-Report, and the PA through the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), both in Castilian. The ST was assessed using several questions about television, game console and computer use. ResultsThe ST recommendation (<2h a day) was exceeded by 63.2% of the girls. In general, the most active girls (last quartile) that did not exceed the recommendations of ST reported higher sleep quality and total score values compared to those who did not meet both. The logistic regression analysis showed that girls who did not meet both habits were more likely to have sleep quality (odds ratio=17.8, P=0.018), and general sleep problems (odds ratio=7.85, P=0.025). ConclusionsParents need to set limits on sedentary leisure time and encourage more active habits, as sleep is a parameter closely linked to a better health profile in youth." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "IntroducciónLa actividad física (AF), el tiempo de pantalla (TP) y el sueño son hábitos de vida modificables relacionados con la salud. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: a) examinar la asociación entre la AF y el TP y ambos con los hábitos de sueño; b) determinar la influencia de los hábitos de AF y el TP sobre los problemas asociados al sueño en niñas chilenas. Pacientes y métodosEl estudio involucró a 196 niñas (12,2 años). Los hábitos de sueño fueron evaluados con el cuestionario Self-report sleep y la AF con el Physical activity questionnaire for adolescents, ambos en castellano. El TP se evaluó a través de diversas preguntas sobre el tiempo de uso de la televisión, videoconsola y ordenador. ResultadosEl 63,2% de las niñas excedieron el límite recomendado de 2h al día de TP. En general, las niñas más activas (último cuartil) que no excedían las recomendaciones de TP reportaban valores más altos de calidad del sueño y puntuación total respecto a las que no cumplían ambas. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que las niñas que no cumplían ambos hábitos tenían mayor probabilidad de presentar problemas asociados a su calidad del sueño (odds ratio=17,8; p=0,018) y sueño general (odds ratio=7,85; p=0,025). ConclusionesParece necesario que los padres establezcan límites respecto a las horas de ocio sedentario y favorezcan un mayor hábito activo, puesto que el sueño es un parámetro íntimamente ligado a un mejor perfil saludable en niños." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Aguilar MM, Vergara FA, Velásquez EJA, García-Hermoso A. Actividad física, tiempo de pantalla y patrones de sueño en niñas chilenas. An Pediatr (Barc). 2015;83:304–310." ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "BMI, body mass index; PAQ-A, Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">20</a>; ST, total screen time—sum of time spent using the television, videogames and computers." "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Age (Years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Body composition</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Height (m) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Weight (kg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BMI (kg/m2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Self-reported sleep in children</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep quality (0–10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep–related anxiety (0–10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bedtime resistance (0–6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep routines (0–6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Total score (0–32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Sedentary behaviour</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Television (h/day) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Videogames (h/day) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Computer (h/day) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ST (h/day) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Physical activity</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PAQ-A (1–5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab955924.png" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Nutritional status</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Overweight/obesity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Sleep problems</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep quality \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep-related anxiety \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bedtime resistance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep routines \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.08 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Total score \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Sedentary behaviour</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Television set in room \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">107 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Exceeds recommended limit<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">124 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">63.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Physical activity</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">High level<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Healthy habits</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PA+ST \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Socioeconomic status</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Low \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19.38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Middle \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">124 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">63.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">High \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab955925.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "≥2h/day.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">21</a>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "4th quartile (≥1.97)." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of study participants." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Values expressed as mean±SD. PA, physical activity; ST, screen time. Analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, television set in the room and physical activity or total screen time depending on the independent variable." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Low-moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Effect size \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top">Physical activity</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep quality \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.64±1.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.21±1.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.247 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.136 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep-related anxiety \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.67±2.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.95±2.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.127 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.074 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bedtime resistance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.58±1.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.55±1.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.223 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.637 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep routines \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.33±1.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.27±1.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.047 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.829 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Total sleep score \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.92±4.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.78±4.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.127 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.044 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><2h/day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">≥2h/day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top">Total screen time</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep quality \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.05±1.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.93±2.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.797 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.006 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep-related anxiety \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.00±2.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.51±2.57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.886 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.172 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bedtime resistance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.45±1.38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.83±1.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.566 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.213 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep routines \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.29±1.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.30±1.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.030 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.862 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Total sleep score \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.43±4.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.37±5.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.329 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.022 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">Non-adherent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">Adherent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top">PA+ST</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep quality \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.76±2.20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.23±1.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.573 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep-related anxiety \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.61±2.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.14±2.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.781 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.378 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bedtime resistance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.60±1.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.46±1.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.926 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sleep routines \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.69±1.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.26±1.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.977 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.162 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Total sleep score \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.77±5.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.05±4.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.304 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.041 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab955923.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Low-moderate (25–75 quartile)<1.97; high (last quartile)≥1.97." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0020" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "Adherence≥1.97 for PA and <2h/day for ST." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Differences in sleep parameters by physical activity categories,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">a</a> total screen time, and both.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">b</a>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, socioeconomic status and television in room." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Sleep quality</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to both habits \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to one habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.47–41.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.193 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Does not adhere to either habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.62–45.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Sleep-related anxiety</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to both habits \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to one habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.49–20.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.225 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Does not adhere to either habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56–7.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.283 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Bedtime resistance</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to both habits \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to one habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.09–8.20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.918 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Does not adhere to either habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.54–4.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.429 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Sleep routines</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to both habits \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to one habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.32–4.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.779 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Does not adhere to either habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.35–1.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.496 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Total score</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to both habits \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Adheres to one habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.66–10.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.167 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Does not adhere to either habit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.29–47.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.025 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab955926.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Logistic regression model for predicting sleep problems based on adherence to healthy habits." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:33 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sleepless in America: inadequate sleep and relationships to health and well-being of our nation's children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. 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Physical activity, screen time and sleep patterns in Chilean girls

Actividad física, tiempo de pantalla y patrones de sueño en niñas chilenas

M.M. Aguilara, F.A. Vergaraa, E.J.A. Velásqueza, A. García-Hermosob,

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antonio.garcia.h@usach.cl

Corresponding author.

a Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile

b Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Chile

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several studies have also investigated sleep quality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is a wide range of lifestyle factors that influence sleep duration and quality in young individuals&#44; among which are physical activity &#40;PA&#41; and health-related habits such as screen time &#40;ST&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> The current literature on PA offers inconclusive and inconsistent findings&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;9&#8211;12</span></a> On the other hand&#44; new technologies and the patterns of their use are changing rapidly and deserve more attention due to their impact on sleep and wellbeing&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Studies on this subject suggest that more than two hours a day of ST may negatively impact children&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> as it is associated with delayed sleep onset&#44; night wakings&#44; sleep-related anxiety and shortened sleep duration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although multiple studies have focused on physical exercise and ST separately&#44; there is little evidence on the adherence to PA and ST recommendations and its relationship with sleep quality in youth&#46; In this regard&#44; girls seem to be an ideal target for the promotion of healthy habits&#44; given their low levels of PA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> and poorer sleep habits &#40;especially sleep-related anxiety&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> compared to their male peers&#46; Thus&#44; the objectives of this study were&#58; &#40;a&#41; to study the association between PA&#44; ST and both with sleep habits&#59; &#40;b&#41; determine the influence of PA and ST habits on sleep problems in Chilean girls&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Patients</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study&#46; We requested the participation of all the female students enrolled in the seventh year of primary school in seven schools in the region of Maule &#40;Chile&#41;&#44; and 196 &#40;89&#37;&#41; accepted&#46; The participants attended public&#44; partially subsidised and private schools in rural areas&#46; The study had a convenience sample&#46; We excluded girls that had special education needs or any disorder that limited their ability to engage in physical activity&#46; The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chile and later on by the principal of each school&#46; After obtaining approval&#44; we sent a letter to the parents of all children in seventh grade inviting them to a meeting where we informed them of the objectives of the study and obtained their written consent for the participation of their children in the study&#46; Lastly&#44; we collected all the signed forms and the researchers met with the physical education teacher to collect data in autumn of 2014 &#40;March&#8211;June&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Anthropometric measurements</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participants wearing light clothing were weighed twice using a digital scale accurate to 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#46; Their height was measured twice with the patient barefoot using a wall stadiometer&#46; The means of both measurements were used to calculate the body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&#46; Last of all&#44; the children were classified as having normal weight or overweight&#47;obesity based on the cut-off points established by the International Obesity Task Force&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Physical activity</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The instrument used to measure physical activity was the Spanish version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents &#40;PAQ-A&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Broadly speaking&#44; the PAQ-A was designed to assess the levels of moderate and vigorous PA in youth&#46; Physical activity was defined as &#8220;sports&#44; exercise or dance that make you sweat or get tired&#44; or games that that make you breathe heavily such as playing tag&#44; skipping rope&#44; running&#44; climbing and others&#8221;&#46; Participants were asked to quantify their levels of PA activity during their free time in the past seven days&#46; The total PA score was obtained by averaging the nine items rated on a 5-point Likert scale &#40;1&#8211;5&#59; with higher scores corresponding to higher levels of PA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Screen time</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Self-reported ST was measured by means of three questions that asked about the number of hours of free time a day spent watching television&#44; playing computer or video games&#44; and using the computer for anything other than games &#40;emailing&#44; chatting online&#44; web browsing or homework&#41;&#46; These questions were used in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Lastly&#44; the average daily ST was calculated using the sum of these three questions&#46; Thus&#44; ST was categorised as low-moderate if it was below two hours a day&#44; and as high if it amounted to two or more hours a day&#44; following the recommendations on the subject of the American Academy of Paediatrics&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Sleep habits and problems</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaire used to assess sleep habits and problems was the Spanish version of the Sleep Self-Report &#40;SSR&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Each item is rated on a 3-point scale to indicate the frequency of each habit&#58; usually &#40;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#8211;7 times a week&#41;&#44; sometimes &#40;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#8211;4 times a week&#41; and rarely &#40;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>never or once a week&#41;&#46; The questionnaire comprises 19 items &#40;three of them gather additional information but are not scored in any subscale&#41; grouped into four subscales&#58; &#40;a&#41; sleep quality&#59; &#40;b&#41; sleep anxiety&#59; &#40;c&#41; bedtime resistance&#59; and &#40;d&#41; sleep routines&#46; The total score is calculated by adding the scores of the 16 items &#40;total score variable&#41;&#46; Higher scores indicate more sleep-related problems&#46; We used the cut-off points to indicate sleep problems applying the criteria established by Orgil&#233;s&#44; Owens&#44; Espada&#44; Piqueras&#44; Carballo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#58; 7 for sleep quality&#44; 6 for sleep-related anxiety&#44; 4 for bedtime resistance&#44; 3 for sleep routines and 16 for the total score&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Socioeconomic status</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We assessed socioeconomic status with a scale adapted from Graffar&#39;s method&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> and considering three categories based on the school under study &#40;low&#44; middle and high&#41;&#46; These categories have been used recently in studies of Chilean children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have expressed continuous variables as means and standard deviations&#44; and categorical variables as frequency distributions&#46; We used the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnoff test to assess the normality of the distributions&#46; Analysis of variance was used to determine the differences in sleep habits &#40;sleep quality&#44; sleep-related anxiety&#44; bedtime resistance&#44; sleep routines and total score&#41; by PA and ST categories &#40;moderate-low vs high&#41;&#44; adjusting for age&#44; BMI&#44; socioeconomic status&#44; having a television set in the room and PA or ST depending on the independent variable included in the model&#46; We calculated the effect size &#40;ES&#41; using the estimated marginal means&#44; and subsequently classified it as small &#40;0&#46;20&#8211;0&#46;50&#41;&#44; moderate &#40;0&#46;51&#8211;0&#46;80&#41; or large &#40;&#62;0&#46;80&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Last of all&#44; we used logistic regression models &#40;odds ratio &#91;OR&#93; and 95&#37; confidence interval &#91;CI&#93;&#41; to determine the influence of adherence to PA and ST habits &#40;independent variable<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>adheres to none&#44; one&#44; or both habits&#41; on the probability of having sleep problems &#40;dependent variable&#41;&#44; adjusting for age&#44; BMI&#44; socioeconomic status and presence or absence of a television set in the room&#46; We performed the statistical analysis with the SPSS software version 22 &#40;SPSS Inc&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the characteristics of the participating girls&#46; Of all participants&#44; 35&#46;53&#37; were classified as having overweight&#47;obesity&#46; The prevalence of sleep problems was 9&#46;20&#37; &#40;total score&#41;&#46; As for ST&#44; 63&#46;26&#37; of the girls exceeded the recommended time &#40;&#8805;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day&#41;&#46; Lastly&#44; when the criteria for both PA &#40;last quartile&#41; and ST were combined&#44; only 11&#46;73&#37; adhered to recommendations for both&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the differences in the different sleep subscales by PA and ST categories&#44; adjusted for age&#44; BMI&#44; socioeconomic status&#44; having a television in the room and PA or ST depending on the independent variable included in the model&#46; The results showed that less active girls had higher total scores&#44; although the differences were small &#40;9&#46;92 vs 8&#46;78&#59; ES&#44; 0&#46;26&#41;&#46; On the other hand&#44; girls that exceeded the recommended ST &#40;&#8805;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day&#41; showed a slightly poorer sleep quality &#40;3&#46;05 vs 3&#46;93&#59; ES&#44; 0&#46;43&#41; and total score &#40;8&#46;43 vs 10&#46;37&#59; ES&#44; 0&#46;38&#41;&#46; Lastly&#44; analysing PA and ST in combination we found that girls that complied with recommendations for both had a better sleep quality &#40;3&#46;23 vs 4&#46;76&#59; ES&#44; 0&#46;79&#41; and a better total score &#40;10&#46;77 vs 8&#46;05&#59; ES&#44; 0&#46;50&#41;&#44; differences that were moderate&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Last of all&#44; the logistic regression model showed that girls that did not adhere to recommendations for either habit &#40;&#8805;1&#46;97 for PA and &#60;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day of ST&#41; were more likely to have problems in sleep quality problems &#40;OR&#44; 17&#46;80&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;018&#41; or in sleep overall as assessed by the total score &#40;OR&#44; 7&#46;85&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;025&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Discussion</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study shows that healthy PA and ST habits are associated with better sleep quality&#46; Furthermore&#44; girls that adhere to recommendations for both PA and ST habits seem to have better sleep quality and total sleep scores&#46; Conversely&#44; not adhering to either habit predicted problems in the sleep quality and in total score of participating girls&#46; Compared to their male peers&#44; girls show lower levels of PA &#40;assessed by accelerometry&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> worse sleep habits &#40;assessed by electroencephalography<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> or questionnaires<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#41; and similar ST habits &#40;they play fewer videogames but use mobile phones more&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Thus&#44; it seems that we should study this young population thoroughly and promote healthy habits in it&#46; Our cross-sectional study suggests that girls should be advised to limit or decrease their ST&#44; especially before or during sleep hours in order to minimise its negative impact on sleep and wellbeing&#44; and to promote an active lifestyle&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The assumption that PA promotes better sleep is based on several hypotheses about energy conservation&#44; tissue repair or temperature down-regulation in the individual&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Recent studies have analysed this association by means of accelerometry&#46; Accelerometers estimate the PA performed by the child over several days &#40;usually one week&#41;&#44; and at night they record the actual times the child falls asleep &#40;sleep onset&#41; and wakes up &#40;end of sleep&#41;&#44; calculating total sleep duration and night wakings&#46; In this regard&#44; a recent study reported that more active children have poorer sleep quality &#40;more night wakings&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Its authors noted that higher levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity &#40;MVPA&#41; were associated with more fragmented sleep&#44; although going to bed earlier was associated with less time spent in sedentary behaviour the following day&#46; Conversely&#44; several studies have shown a positive correlation with several sleep-quality parameters&#46; Thus&#44; MVPA has been associated with increased sleep efficiency &#40;percentage of sleep per time in bed&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and fewer night wakings&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> with some studies assessing sleep by means of electroencephalography&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> It also appears that children that go to bed and get out of bed earlier are more active during the day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In our study&#44; the results of the self-administered questionnaire corroborated these findings&#44; showing that girls that were more active achieved better total scores than their less-active peers &#40;ES&#44; 0&#46;26&#41;&#46; At the same time&#44; compared to other populations assessed by means of this questionnaire&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;29</span></a> the girls in our sample showed a higher level of inactivity&#44; so it would be necessary to establish whether a higher level of PA leads to better sleep<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> or the other way around&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies have demonstrated the negative impact of digital media on the sleep of young individuals&#44; especially on sleep duration<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> and delayed bedtimes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> However&#44; their effects and the specific mechanisms involved remain unclear&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> Our study showed that girls with higher STs had poorer sleep quality &#40;for example&#44; waking at night due to some kind of pain&#41; &#40;ES&#44; 0&#46;43&#41; and a worse total score compared to their peers with lesser STs &#40;ES&#44; 0&#46;38&#41;&#46; Some of the mechanisms that could explain this fact are greater physiological arousal&#44; which would make it harder for girls to relax before bed&#44; and a suppression of melatonin secretion due to exposure to the bright light of displays&#44; which would promote delays in the circadian rhythm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Similarly&#44; higher STs at bedtime could be due to an increase in educational computer use or that this age &#40;13 years&#41; is the minimum required to register in various popular social networks&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When it comes to both habits&#44; we only found one study on the subject that analysed adherence to the recommendations concerning PA &#40;&#62;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#47;day of MVPA&#41; and ST &#40;&#62;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day&#41; in relation to sleep quality in children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> These authors noted that going to bed and getting up late are associated with a lesser degree of adherence to PA and ST recommendations&#44; and thus with worse health&#44; regardless of sleep duration&#46; Our study supports these findings&#44; as it suggests that the most important factor associated with poorer sleep quality &#40;ES<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;79&#41; and total score &#40;ES<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;50&#41; is non-adherence with recommendations for both of these habits&#46; Furthermore&#44; non-adherence seems to predict sleep quality problems and sleep problems in general &#40;total score&#41;&#46; This fact may be due to girls devoting more time to digital media and consequently reducing the time spent sleeping or in other activities related to good sleep hygiene &#40;for example&#44; PA&#41;&#46; Thus&#44; we would expect a perception of decreased sleep and poorer sleep quality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Limitations</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are limitations to the study that ought to be considered&#58; &#40;a&#41; it is a cross-sectional study&#44; and thus the results cannot be used to establish causality&#59; &#40;b&#41; self-reported data may be biased and do not provide the direct measurements of sleep that can otherwise be obtained by electroencephalography or accelerometry&#59; &#40;c&#41; the answers to the sleep questionnaire are based on the past week&#44; which may make detection of sleep problems difficult&#44; as it requires a longer assessment period&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> and the questionnaire does not differentiate between weekdays and weekends&#59; &#40;d&#41; the data obtained on the levels of PA and ST &#40;sedentary habits&#41; cannot provide a precise representation of the variables under study&#59; and last of all &#40;e&#41; we did not take into account the pubertal development of the girls&#44; an aspect that could influence their anthropometric measurements and possibly their sleep quality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conclusions</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The findings of this study point to the need to analyse the impact of PA and ST habits in combination for the prevention of sleep-related disorders and associated health parameters&#44; including obesity&#46; However&#44; the discrepancies found between questionnaires and objective measures suggest that further research is needed that uses objective measurements &#40;accelerometry&#41; to establish conclusive results on the matter&#44; as well as randomised controlled interventions that promote both habits&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Screen time"
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              "titulo" => "Sleep habits and problems"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2014-10-21"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2014-12-02"
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            0 => "Sedentary behaviour"
            1 => "Sleep quality"
            2 => "Healthy lifestyle"
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          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Conducta sedentaria"
            1 => "Calidad del sue&#241;o"
            2 => "Estilos de vida saludables"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Physical activity &#40;PA&#41;&#44; screen time &#40;ST&#41;&#44; and sleep are modifiable lifestyle habits for health&#46; The objectives of this study were&#58; &#40;a&#41; to examine the association between PA&#44; ST&#44; and both&#44; on sleep patterns&#59; and &#40;b&#41; to determine the influence of PA and ST on sleep problems in Chilean girls&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study involved 196 children &#40;12&#46;2 years&#41;&#46; Patterns and sleep problems were assessed using the Spanish version of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sleep Self-Report</span>&#44; and the PA through the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents</span> &#40;PAQ-A&#41;&#44; both in Castilian&#46; The ST was assessed using several questions about television&#44; game console and computer use&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The ST recommendation &#40;&#60;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h a day&#41; was exceeded by 63&#46;2&#37; of the girls&#46; In general&#44; the most active girls &#40;last quartile&#41; that did not exceed the recommendations of ST reported higher sleep quality and total score values compared to those who did not meet both&#46; The logistic regression analysis showed that girls who did not meet both habits were more likely to have sleep quality &#40;odds ratio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#46;8&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;018&#41;&#44; and general sleep problems &#40;odds ratio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;85&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;025&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Parents need to set limits on sedentary leisure time and encourage more active habits&#44; as sleep is a parameter closely linked to a better health profile in youth&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La actividad f&#237;sica &#40;AF&#41;&#44; el tiempo de pantalla &#40;TP&#41; y el sue&#241;o son h&#225;bitos de vida modificables relacionados con la salud&#46; Los objetivos de este estudio fueron&#58; a&#41; examinar la asociaci&#243;n entre la AF y el TP y ambos con los h&#225;bitos de sue&#241;o&#59; b&#41; determinar la influencia de los h&#225;bitos de AF y el TP sobre los problemas asociados al sue&#241;o en ni&#241;as chilenas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio involucr&#243; a 196 ni&#241;as &#40;12&#44;2 a&#241;os&#41;&#46; Los h&#225;bitos de sue&#241;o fueron evaluados con el cuestionario <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Self-report sleep</span> y la AF con el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physical activity questionnaire for adolescents</span>&#44; ambos en castellano&#46; El TP se evalu&#243; a trav&#233;s de diversas preguntas sobre el tiempo de uso de la televisi&#243;n&#44; videoconsola y ordenador&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 63&#44;2&#37; de las ni&#241;as excedieron el l&#237;mite recomendado de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h al d&#237;a de TP&#46; En general&#44; las ni&#241;as m&#225;s activas &#40;&#250;ltimo cuartil&#41; que no exced&#237;an las recomendaciones de TP reportaban valores m&#225;s altos de calidad del sue&#241;o y puntuaci&#243;n total respecto a las que no cumpl&#237;an ambas&#46; El an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica mostr&#243; que las ni&#241;as que no cumpl&#237;an ambos h&#225;bitos ten&#237;an mayor probabilidad de presentar problemas asociados a su calidad del sue&#241;o &#40;odds ratio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#44;8&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;018&#41; y sue&#241;o general &#40;odds ratio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;85&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;025&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Parece necesario que los padres establezcan l&#237;mites respecto a las horas de ocio sedentario y favorezcan un mayor h&#225;bito activo&#44; puesto que el sue&#241;o es un par&#225;metro &#237;ntimamente ligado a un mejor perfil saludable en ni&#241;os&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Please cite this article as&#58; Aguilar MM&#44; Vergara FA&#44; Vel&#225;squez EJA&#44; Garc&#237;a-Hermoso A&#46; Actividad f&#237;sica&#44; tiempo de pantalla y patrones de sue&#241;o en ni&#241;as chilenas&#46; An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2015&#59;83&#58;304&#8211;310&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMI&#44; body mass index&#59; PAQ-A&#44; Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#59; ST&#44; total screen time&#8212;sum of time spent using the television&#44; videogames and computers&#46;</p>"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#40;Years&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Body composition</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Height &#40;m&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Weight &#40;kg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Self-reported sleep in children</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep quality &#40;0&#8211;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep&#8211;related anxiety &#40;0&#8211;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bedtime resistance &#40;0&#8211;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep routines &#40;0&#8211;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total score &#40;0&#8211;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sedentary behaviour</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Television &#40;h&#47;day&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Videogames &#40;h&#47;day&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Computer &#40;h&#47;day&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ST &#40;h&#47;day&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physical activity</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PAQ-A &#40;1&#8211;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nutritional status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Overweight&#47;obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sleep problems</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep quality&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep-related anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bedtime resistance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep routines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sedentary behaviour</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Television set in room&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">107&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Exceeds recommended limit<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">124&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physical activity</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High level<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Healthy habits</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ST&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Socioeconomic status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Middle&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">124&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">&#8805;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">4th quartile &#40;&#8805;1&#46;97&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of study participants&#46;</p>"
        ]
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      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46; PA&#44; physical activity&#59; ST&#44; screen time&#46; Analysis adjusted for age&#44; body mass index&#44; socioeconomic status&#44; television set in the room and physical activity or total screen time depending on the independent variable&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Low-moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Effect size&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physical activity</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep quality&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;247&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;136&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep-related anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;074&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bedtime resistance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;58<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;223&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;637&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep routines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;047&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;829&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total sleep score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;044&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8805;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total screen time</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep quality&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;797&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep-related anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;51<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;886&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;172&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bedtime resistance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;83<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;566&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep routines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;030&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;862&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total sleep score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;329&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">Non-adherent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">Adherent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PA</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#43;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ST</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep quality&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;76<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;573&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep-related anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;781&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;378&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bedtime resistance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;926&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sleep routines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;977&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total sleep score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;77<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;304&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;041&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adheres to one habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Does not adhere to either habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adheres to one habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;49&#8211;20&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;225&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Does not adhere to either habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;56&#8211;7&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;09&#8211;8&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Does not adhere to either habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adheres to one habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;32&#8211;4&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;779&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Does not adhere to either habit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Logistic regression model for predicting sleep problems based on adherence to healthy habits&#46;</p>"
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Article information

ISSN: 23412879
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.anpede.2014.12.004

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	6	8	14
2024 October	51	40	91
2024 September	65	30	95
2024 August	57	66	123
2024 July	43	34	77
2024 June	65	33	98
2024 May	50	28	78
2024 April	37	36	73
2024 March	36	22	58
2024 February	37	31	68
2024 January	54	23	77
2023 December	26	14	40
2023 November	36	30	66
2023 October	45	28	73
2023 September	30	27	57
2023 August	31	22	53
2023 July	40	30	70
2023 June	30	25	55
2023 May	46	24	70
2023 April	24	10	34
2023 March	42	24	66
2023 February	34	32	66
2023 January	18	39	57
2022 December	58	50	108
2022 November	45	68	113
2022 October	37	54	91
2022 September	57	38	95
2022 August	67	74	141
2022 July	97	69	166
2022 June	74	83	157
2022 May	48	86	134
2022 April	73	37	110
2022 March	68	52	120
2022 February	25	30	55
2022 January	52	48	100
2021 December	21	41	62
2021 November	60	48	108
2021 October	105	72	177
2021 September	75	48	123
2021 August	63	44	107
2021 July	60	28	88
2021 June	33	31	64
2021 May	61	45	106
2021 April	107	57	164
2021 March	64	30	94
2021 February	49	31	80
2021 January	48	26	74
2020 December	44	25	69
2020 November	56	16	72
2020 October	48	22	70
2020 September	40	19	59
2020 August	32	7	39
2020 July	44	17	61
2020 June	35	9	44
2020 May	48	30	78
2020 April	30	18	48
2020 March	33	27	60
2020 February	36	20	56
2020 January	55	21	76
2019 December	74	34	108
2019 November	33	16	49
2019 October	48	17	65
2019 September	49	22	71
2019 August	78	28	106
2019 July	29	17	46
2019 June	39	22	61
2019 May	38	16	54
2019 April	54	19	73
2019 March	30	21	51
2019 February	34	18	52
2019 January	44	24	68
2018 December	38	19	57
2018 November	94	16	110
2018 October	233	28	261
2018 September	57	16	73
2018 July	4	0	4
2018 June	3	0	3
2018 May	5	0	5
2018 April	9	0	9
2018 March	18	0	18
2018 February	13	0	13
2018 January	17	0	17
2017 December	10	0	10
2017 November	11	0	11
2017 October	14	0	14
2017 September	17	0	17
2017 August	15	0	15
2017 July	19	4	23
2017 June	29	7	36
2017 May	21	7	28
2017 April	14	3	17
2017 March	7	3	10
2017 February	15	6	21
2017 January	11	2	13
2016 December	21	10	31
2016 November	18	6	24
2016 October	17	2	19
2016 September	19	4	23
2016 August	34	5	39
2016 July	9	0	9

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