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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fibre-optic laryngoscopy&#58; lesion of papillomatous appearance&#44; occupying the anterior third of the vocal cords and partially obstructing the glottic lumen&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis &#40;JLP&#41; is the second most common cause of dysphonia in children&#44; after true vocal cord nodules&#46; The most frequent causative agent is human papillomavirus &#40;HPV&#41; serotypes 6 and 11&#46; The most widely accepted mode of transmission is vertical&#44; through the birth canal of a mother with an active or latent genital infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The prevalence is 1&#46;11&#8211;2&#46;59 per 100&#44;000 children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> We present 6 cases of JLP&#44; a recurrent disease with non-specific clinical symptoms&#44; which should be taken into account in cases of persistent dysphonia&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a retrospective study of diagnosed cases of JLP during the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2013&#46; We analysed epidemiological data &#40;age at diagnosis&#44; sex&#41;&#44; treatment received&#44; sequelae and number of surgical interventions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The male&#8211;female ratio found was 1&#58;1&#46; The median age at diagnosis was 18 months&#44; with an interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41; of 26&#46;5 months&#46; The common symptoms were dysphonia&#44; nocturnal breathing difficulty and inspiratory stridor&#46; Patient 1 was an uncontrolled pregnancy with maternal serology compatible with a resolved syphilis and hepatitis B infection&#44; premature at 25 weeks gestation&#44; with a birth weight of 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#46; She had associated malnutrition and laryngomalacia&#46; She needed tracheostomy from 14 to 20 months of age &#40;because of respiratory failure secondary to papillomatosis&#41;&#46; Patient 2 was the product of an adolescent pregnancy of a mother vaccinated against HPV &#40;Cervarix<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> 3 doses&#41; at the age of 14&#46; He was diagnosed with recurrent laryngitis&#46; Patient 3 had been an uncontrolled pregnancy&#46; Patient 4 had a maternal history of papillomas on the hands&#44; and was diagnosed with adenoidal hypertrophy and bronchitis&#46; The mother of patient 5 had had previous genital papillomatosis and patient 6 had language acquisition difficulties&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The laryngeal papillomas were detected by fibre-optic laryngoscopy&#44; and an excision was performed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; by endolaryngeal microsurgery&#46; In 4 of the 6 cases they received intraoperative adjuvant treatment with intralesional cidofovir on at least one occasion&#46; Case 2 also received oral propranolol daily for a year&#46; The histological findings were consistent with papillomatosis&#44; and serotype HPV-11 was identified in cases 2 and 3 and HPV-6 in case 6&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The vocal cords are the most frequent site of JLP&#46; Distal spread has been associated with poorer prognosis and with HPV-11 infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The classic presentation is persistent dysphonia with weak crying between 2 and 4 years of age&#46; The second most common symptom is stridor&#44; first inspiratory and then biphasic&#46; Less common presenting symptoms include chronic cough&#44; recurrent pneumonia&#44; failure to thrive&#44; dyspnoea&#44; dysphagia and acute respiratory distress&#44; especially in infants with an upper respiratory tract infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differential diagnosis with this disease must be made with other causes of airway obstruction&#44; primarily at the pharyngo-laryngeal level &#40;laryngomalacia&#44; vocal cord paralysis&#44; glottic or subglottic granulomas or cysts&#44; laryngitis&#44; congenital or acquired subglottic stenosis&#44; haemangiomas and traumas&#41; and at the tracheal level &#40;tracheal stenosis&#44; tracheomalacia&#44; extrinsic compression by abnormal vascular structures&#41;&#46; Less commonly it will be confused with abnormalities at the nasal level &#40;choanal atresia&#47;stenosis&#44; pyriform aperture stenosis&#44; adenoid hypertrophy&#44; tumours&#44; rhinitis and foreign bodies&#41;&#44; as well as at the pharyngeal level &#40;nasopharyngeal stenosis&#44; tonsillar hypertrophy&#44; macroglossia and craniofacial abnormalities&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is not unusual in JLP for an erroneous initial diagnosis to be made&#44; given the range of non-specific symptoms it shares with other common respiratory diseases&#46; In the series of cases described by Zacharisen and Conley&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> croup&#44; laryngomalacia and asthma were the most common misdiagnoses before reaching a definitive diagnosis&#46; One must remain alert to recurrent or progressive respiratory symptoms that do not follow the natural course of the most common diseases and do not improve with conventional treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Delay in diagnosis could lead to obstruction of the upper airway with the risk of acute respiratory failure&#46; Coope and Connett<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> report the case of a five-year-old child with persistent dysphonia diagnosed with asthma&#44; who died as a result of airway collapse&#46; The post mortem showed obstruction of the upper airway by papillomatosis&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The natural course of the condition can be unpredictable&#58; it may remit spontaneously&#44; remain stable or show aggressive growth&#44; although the most common outcome is spontaneous remission with increasing age&#44; and after numerous surgical interventions to excise the lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the presence of persistent dysphonia with or without stridor&#44; 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Scientific Letter
Early infantile dysphonia as an alert symptom of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis
Disfonía infantil precoz como síntoma de alerta de la papilomatosis laríngea juvenil
A.M. Fitaa,
Corresponding author
fitaanamaria@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, J.A. Díaz Manzanob, S.B. Reyes Domíngueza, P. Pastor Costab, A. Navarro Mingorancea
a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
b Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis &#40;JLP&#41; is the second most common cause of dysphonia in children&#44; after true vocal cord nodules&#46; The most frequent causative agent is human papillomavirus &#40;HPV&#41; serotypes 6 and 11&#46; The most widely accepted mode of transmission is vertical&#44; through the birth canal of a mother with an active or latent genital infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The prevalence is 1&#46;11&#8211;2&#46;59 per 100&#44;000 children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> We present 6 cases of JLP&#44; a recurrent disease with non-specific clinical symptoms&#44; which should be taken into account in cases of persistent dysphonia&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a retrospective study of diagnosed cases of JLP during the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2013&#46; We analysed epidemiological data &#40;age at diagnosis&#44; sex&#41;&#44; treatment received&#44; sequelae and number of surgical interventions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The male&#8211;female ratio found was 1&#58;1&#46; The median age at diagnosis was 18 months&#44; with an interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41; of 26&#46;5 months&#46; The common symptoms were dysphonia&#44; nocturnal breathing difficulty and inspiratory stridor&#46; Patient 1 was an uncontrolled pregnancy with maternal serology compatible with a resolved syphilis and hepatitis B infection&#44; premature at 25 weeks gestation&#44; with a birth weight of 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#46; She had associated malnutrition and laryngomalacia&#46; She needed tracheostomy from 14 to 20 months of age &#40;because of respiratory failure secondary to papillomatosis&#41;&#46; Patient 2 was the product of an adolescent pregnancy of a mother vaccinated against HPV &#40;Cervarix<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> 3 doses&#41; at the age of 14&#46; He was diagnosed with recurrent laryngitis&#46; Patient 3 had been an uncontrolled pregnancy&#46; Patient 4 had a maternal history of papillomas on the hands&#44; and was diagnosed with adenoidal hypertrophy and bronchitis&#46; The mother of patient 5 had had previous genital papillomatosis and patient 6 had language acquisition difficulties&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The laryngeal papillomas were detected by fibre-optic laryngoscopy&#44; and an excision was performed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; by endolaryngeal microsurgery&#46; In 4 of the 6 cases they received intraoperative adjuvant treatment with intralesional cidofovir on at least one occasion&#46; Case 2 also received oral propranolol daily for a year&#46; The histological findings were consistent with papillomatosis&#44; and serotype HPV-11 was identified in cases 2 and 3 and HPV-6 in case 6&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The vocal cords are the most frequent site of JLP&#46; Distal spread has been associated with poorer prognosis and with HPV-11 infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The classic presentation is persistent dysphonia with weak crying between 2 and 4 years of age&#46; The second most common symptom is stridor&#44; first inspiratory and then biphasic&#46; Less common presenting symptoms include chronic cough&#44; recurrent pneumonia&#44; failure to thrive&#44; dyspnoea&#44; dysphagia and acute respiratory distress&#44; especially in infants with an upper respiratory tract infection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differential diagnosis with this disease must be made with other causes of airway obstruction&#44; primarily at the pharyngo-laryngeal level &#40;laryngomalacia&#44; vocal cord paralysis&#44; glottic or subglottic granulomas or cysts&#44; laryngitis&#44; congenital or acquired subglottic stenosis&#44; haemangiomas and traumas&#41; and at the tracheal level &#40;tracheal stenosis&#44; tracheomalacia&#44; extrinsic compression by abnormal vascular structures&#41;&#46; Less commonly it will be confused with abnormalities at the nasal level &#40;choanal atresia&#47;stenosis&#44; pyriform aperture stenosis&#44; adenoid hypertrophy&#44; tumours&#44; rhinitis and foreign bodies&#41;&#44; as well as at the pharyngeal level &#40;nasopharyngeal stenosis&#44; tonsillar hypertrophy&#44; macroglossia and craniofacial abnormalities&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is not unusual in JLP for an erroneous initial diagnosis to be made&#44; given the range of non-specific symptoms it shares with other common respiratory diseases&#46; In the series of cases described by Zacharisen and Conley&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> croup&#44; laryngomalacia and asthma were the most common misdiagnoses before reaching a definitive diagnosis&#46; One must remain alert to recurrent or progressive respiratory symptoms that do not follow the natural course of the most common diseases and do not improve with conventional treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Delay in diagnosis could lead to obstruction of the upper airway with the risk of acute respiratory failure&#46; Coope and Connett<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> report the case of a five-year-old child with persistent dysphonia diagnosed with asthma&#44; who died as a result of airway collapse&#46; The post mortem showed obstruction of the upper airway by papillomatosis&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The natural course of the condition can be unpredictable&#58; it may remit spontaneously&#44; remain stable or show aggressive growth&#44; although the most common outcome is spontaneous remission with increasing age&#44; and after numerous surgical interventions to excise the lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In the presence of persistent dysphonia with or without stridor&#44; 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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tracheotomy&#44; synechiae&#44; dysphonia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> laser ELMS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> laser ELMS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Synechiae&#44; dysphonia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">F&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Diode laser ELMS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">F&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> laser ELMS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cidofovir&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Dysphonia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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ISSN: 23412879
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