Effect of freezing on the “creamatocrit” measurement of the lipid content of human donor milk

array:23 ["pii" => "S2341287914000581" "issn" => "23412879" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2013.09.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01" "aid" => "1391" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría" "copyrightAnyo" => "2013" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2014;81:185-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2165 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 146 "HTML" => 1502 "PDF" => 517 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1695403313003780" "issn" => "16954033" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.09.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01" "aid" => "1391" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2014;81:185-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3276 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 124 "HTML" => 2530 "PDF" => 622 ] ] "es" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original breve" "titulo" => "Medida por crematocrito del contenido calórico de la leche materna donada congelada" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "185" "paginaFinal" => "188" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Effect of freezing on the “creamatocrit” measurement of the lipid content of human donor milk" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "S. Vázquez-Román, C. Alonso-Díaz, N.R. García-Lara, D. Escuder-Vieco, C.R. Pallás-Alonso" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Vázquez-Román" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Alonso-Díaz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N.R." "apellidos" => "García-Lara" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Escuder-Vieco" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C.R." "apellidos" => "Pallás-Alonso" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2341287914000581" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2013.09.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287914000581?idApp=UINPBA00005H" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403313003780?idApp=UINPBA00005H" "url" => "/16954033/0000008100000003/v1_201408270015/S1695403313003780/v1_201408270015/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S234128791400060X" "issn" => "23412879" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2013.10.010" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01" "aid" => "1447" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2014;81:181-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3763 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 135 "HTML" => 3098 "PDF" => 530 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Brief Report" "titulo" => "Heat stroke related to the use of topiramate. The importance of prevention" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "181" "paginaFinal" => "184" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Golpe de calor relacionado con el uso de topiramato. La importancia de la prevención" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Rosich del Cacho, J. Pareja Grande, M.D. Martínez Jiménez, J.F. Latorre Latorre, N. Bejarano Ramírez, C. López-Menchero Oliva" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Rosich del Cacho" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Pareja Grande" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.D." "apellidos" => "Martínez Jiménez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.F." "apellidos" => "Latorre Latorre" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Bejarano Ramírez" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "López-Menchero Oliva" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1695403313004384" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.10.034" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403313004384?idApp=UINPBA00005H" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S234128791400060X?idApp=UINPBA00005H" "url" => "/23412879/0000008100000003/v1_201409120835/S234128791400060X/v1_201409120835/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Brief Report" "titulo" => "Effect of freezing on the “creamatocrit” measurement of the lipid content of human donor milk" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "185" "paginaFinal" => "188" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "S. Vázquez-Román, C. Alonso-Díaz, N.R. García-Lara, D. Escuder-Vieco, C.R. Pallás-Alonso" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Vázquez-Román" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "sara.vazquezroman@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Alonso-Díaz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N.R." "apellidos" => "García-Lara" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Escuder-Vieco" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C.R." "apellidos" => "Pallás-Alonso" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Medida por crematocrito del contenido calórico de la leche materna donada congelada" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionHuman milk is the ideal food for newborns, especially if they are premature or ill,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–4</a> but its properties may alter during its manipulation and storage.Freezing human milk at −20°C guarantees its microbiological quality, but its effects on nutritional quality have not been researched thoroughly. Some studies have observed a decrease in the bactericidal and antioxidant activities of breast milk<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">5–7</a> and a reduction in the energy and fat content over the freezing time.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a>At times, the nutritional content of breastmilk does not meet the requirements of preterm and low-birth-weight infants,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a> so it is important that we learn its nutritional value. Lipids constitute the main source of energy, but they are the component that shows the highest degree of variation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> The creamatocrit method is a simple and inexpensive means to calculate the fat and energy content of breast milk. It was described by Lucas et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> in 1978. Several authors have observed a good correlation between the energy content of milk and the creamatocrit.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">12–14</a>The purpose of our study was to determine, by means of the creamatocrit method, the variations in the fat content of raw and pasteurised human milk throughout 3 months of freezing at −20°C.Materials and methodsWe performed an experimental study. We obtained the samples from women who donate to the Milk Bank, and gave informed consent. The samples were expressed manually or with a breast pump, and stored in sterilised glass containers.The samples of raw (unpasteurised) milk were refrigerated at 4–5°C following extraction for a maximum of 24h. In those first 24h the samples were homogenised by rocking them in an arc-like fashion 10 times and then were divided in 7 aliquots. We analysed the first aliquot (time 0) and the 6 remaining aliquots were frozen at −20°C.The samples of pasteurised milk were homogenised immediately following Holder pasteurisation by rocking them in an arc-like fashion 10 times, after which they were divided into 7 aliquots. We analysed the first aliquot after pasteurisation, and the 6 remaining aliquots were frozen at −20°C.The raw and pasteurised milk aliquots were stored in polypropylene tubes and were labelled based on freezing time (7, 14, 21, 30, 60, or 90 days).To analyse the aliquots, they were thawed in a 40°C water bath until a frozen pellet remained in the middle, and moved to a refrigerator to complete the thawing at 4–5°C.Creamatocrit analysisWe used the Lucas method.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> Each aliquot was heated in a 40°C water bath for 10min and homogenised with a Vortex® mixer. Three 75μl capillary tubes were drawn from each aliquot for the creamatocrit. The capillary tubes were sealed at one end and centrifuged for 15min at 12000rpm in a Hettich® haematocrit centrifuge.The cream and aqueous fraction layers were measured with callipers. The creamatocrit was expressed as the percentage of cream relative to the length of the entire milk column. We calculated the mean value of the 3 creamatocrits, and applied the Lucas formula to determine the fat content (%cream – 0.59)/0.146=g/l and energy content (%cream×66.8×290=kcal/l).Statistical methodsSample size: we conducted a pilot study beforehand. We found a difference in fat content of 0.7g in raw milk and 0.5g in pasteurised milk. The sample size required to detect this difference with a power of 80% and a confidence interval of 95% was of 39 raw milk samples and 34 pasteurised milk samples.We have used the mean±standard deviation to describe continuous variables. The proportion of samples analysed by means of 1, 2, or 3 creamatocrits was expressed in percentages. To evaluate the differences in fat and energy content at the initial time point and the different freezing times, we used Student's t-test for paired samples. We tested the normality of the data distribution by means of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.ResultsWe collected 44 samples of raw donated breastmilk. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the number and percentage of raw milk aliquots on which 1, 2, and 3 creamatocrits were performed.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The mean±standard deviation of the fat content at the initial time point was 3.19±1.44g/dl, and for the energy content it was 640.05±140.60kcal/l. We observed a significant decrease in the fat and energy content measurements after freezing at −20°C at all times of analysis (7, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90 days) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>We collected 36 samples of pasteurised donated milk. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows the aliquots on which 1, 2, and 3 creamatocrits were performed.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>The mean fat content at the beginning of the study was 2.59±1.17g/dl, and the mean energy content was 581.56±114.04kcal/l. We observed a significant reduction in the mean fat and energy content after freezing at −20°C during the first month of the study (7, 14, 21, and 30 days) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionOur study showed a reduction in the fat and energy content measured by the creamatocrit method in raw and pasteurised breastmilk following freezing at −20°C. This reduction was significant for the first three months of the study in raw milk, and only for the first month in pasteurised milk. Until now, no previous study has assessed the changes in crematocrit values in either raw or pasteurised milk during 3 months of freezing.Several studies describe an increase in milk lipase activity during freezing at −20°C.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075">15–17</a> Lipolysis hydrolises triglycerides, increasing the level of free fatty acids in milk and reducing the size of the cream layer. This would account for the findings pertaining to the reduction in fat and energy content measured by the creamatocrit method in raw milk from the initial time point to 3 months of freezing. In our study, we also saw that the reduction in the measured fat content of pasteurised milk only occurred during the first month. It has been reported that pasteurisation reduces the levels of lipase activity,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> and a lower rate of triglyceride hydrolysis could explain why the reduction in the cream layer is smaller in pasteurised milk than in raw milk.Therefore, while it is likely that the total fat content does not change during freezing, changes in the fat globule affect the creamatocrit value. Lucas et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> previously described that the breakdown of fat globules could produce a false decrease in the creamatocrit, although their study did not find significant changes in the creamatocrit after freezing for 2 months. In contrast, other authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> described a decrease in the creamatocrit after 7 days of freezing at −20°C; in this study, the correlation between the creamatocrit and the lipid and energy content remained strong, but they expressed the need to develop a new formula to calculate the energy content of frozen milk more accurately.The intermediate values that we observed in our study, both in raw and pasteurised milk, cannot be readily explained, and evince the limitations of the creamatocrit to measure the fat content of processed milk.The main limitation of this study is that, due to technical problems, we could not make three creamatocrit measurements for each sample, as indicated by the Lucas method,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> although other studies have used duplicate creamatocrit measurements with good results.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095">19,20</a>For all of the above, we believe that the creamatocrit, while being a method that is easily available in neonatal units, is not the optimal way to measure fat content in previously processed milk. One alternative would be to modify Lucas’ formula<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> for its use in frozen or pasteurised milk, or other more valid measurement methods can be used.Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres369693" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Objective" 2 => "Methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec348853" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres369694" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Objetivo" 2 => "Método" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusiones" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec348854" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Creamatocrit analysis" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Statistical methods" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2013-07-11" "fechaAceptado" => "2013-09-05" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec348853" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Donor human milk" 1 => "Lipid content" 2 => "Calorific content" 3 => "Creamatocrit" 4 => "Freezing" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec348854" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Leche materna donada" 1 => "Contenido graso" 2 => "Contenido energético" 3 => "Crematocrito" 4 => "Congelación" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveTo determine, by the creamatocrit measurement, the effect on fat content of freezing raw and pasteurised donor milk at −20°C for 3 months. MethodsThe evolution of the creamatocrit measurement (following Lucas technique) on frozen (−20°C), raw and pasteurised human milk, was analysed during 3 months. ResultsThe fat content of raw milk (n=44) was 3.19g/dl at the beginning and 2.86g/dl after 3 months frozen (p=0.02). In pasteurised milk (n=36) fat content at the first determination was 2.59g/dl and 2.20g/dl after 1 month frozen (p=0.01). Afterwards there were no significant changes up to 3 months frozen. Variability was observed in the intermediate values. ConclusionsA reduction on the fat content measurement of raw and pasteurised donor human milk after freezing was observed. Freezing does not inactivate the milk lipase but does destroy the fat globule. Creamatocrit measurement may not be the best method to determine the fat content of processed human milk." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoDeterminar, mediante crematocrito, las modificaciones del contenido graso de la leche materna cruda y pasteurizada a lo largo de 3 meses de congelación. MétodoSe analizó la evolución del crematocrito (fórmula de Lucas) en leche cruda y pasteurizada a lo largo de 3 meses de congelación a −20°C. ResultadosLa grasa en leche cruda (n=44) fue 3,19g/dl al inicio y 2,86g/dl a los 3meses de congelación (p=0,02). En leche pasteurizada (n=36), al inicio fue 2,59g/dl y 2,20g/dl al mes de congelación (p=0,01), posteriormente, hasta los 3 meses, no hubo cambios significativos. Se observó variabilidad en los valores intermedios. ConclusionesSe observó una disminución en la medida de la grasa tras congelación en leche cruda y pasteurizada. La congelación no impide la acción de la lipasa y también afecta al glóbulo de grasa. Probablemente, el crematocrito no sea el método óptimo para cuantificar la grasa en leche ya procesada." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Vázquez-Román S, Alonso-Díaz C, García-Lara NR, Escuder-Vieco D, Pallás-Alonso CR. Medida por crematocrito del contenido calórico de la leche materna donada congelada. An Pediatr (Barc). 2014;81:185–188." ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "Previous presentation: sent as a paper from a member to the XXIV Congreso de Neonatología y Medicina Perinatal, scheduled to be held in Barcelona in October 2013." ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Beginning (N=44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 days (N=44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 days (N=44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">21 days (N=44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">30 days (N=44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">60 days (N=44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">90 days (N=44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 analysis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (6.82%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (9.09%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (4.55%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (11.36%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (6.82%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 analyses \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (25%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (29.55%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (25%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (27.27%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (29.55%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (9.09%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (31.82%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 analyses \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (68.18%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (61.36%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 (75%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (68.18%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 (70.45%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35 (79.55%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (61.36%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab556680.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Number and percentage of raw milk aliquots on which 1, 2, or 3 creamatocrit analyses were made at each time point in the study." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Shows the mean±standard deviation and analysis using Student's t-test for paired samples." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Start \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">21 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">30 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">60 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">90 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fat (g/dl)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">3.19±1.44</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.75±1.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.92±1.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.81±1.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.72±1.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.72±1.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.82±1.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p<0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.040 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p<0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Energy content (kcal/l)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">640.05±140.60</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">597.32±127.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">613.74±125.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">603.52±143.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">594.47±126.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">595.04±145.45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">604.39±157.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p<0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.040 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p<0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab556681.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of the fat and energy content in raw milk (N=44) by amount of time frozen at −20°C." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Start (N=36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 days (N=36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 days (N=36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">21 days (N=36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">30 days (N=36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">60 days (N=36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">90 days (N=36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 analysis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (5.56%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.78%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.78%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (11.11%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (5.56%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 analyses \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (8.33%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (5.56%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (8.33%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (8.33%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (13.89%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (5.56%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (38.89%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 analyses \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 (86.11%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 (91.67%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32 (88.89%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 (91.67%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 (86.11%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (83.33%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 (55.56%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab556683.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Number and percentage of pasteurised milk aliquots on which 1, 2, or 3 creamatocrit analyses were made at each time point in the study." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Shows the mean±standard deviation and analysis using Student's t-test for paired samples." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Start \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">21 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">30 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">60 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">90 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fat (g/dl)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">2.59±1.17</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.18±1.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.00±1.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.95±1.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.20±0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.59±1.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.76±2.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.015 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p<0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p<0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.996 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.580 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Energy content (kcal/L)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">581.56±114.04</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">541.96±101.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">524.11±106.48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">520.03±100.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">543.71±93.53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">581.69±163.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">598.40±204.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.015 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p<0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p<0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.996 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">p=0.580 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab556682.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of the fat and energy content in pasteurised milk (N=36) by amount of time frozen at −20°C." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Breastfeeding and the use of human milk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.M. Gartner" 1 => "J. Morton" 2 => "R.A. Lawrence" 3 => "A.J. Naylor" 4 => "D. O’Hare" 5 => "R.J. Schanler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1542/peds.2004-2491" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "115" "paginaInicial" => "496" "paginaFinal" => "506" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15687461" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "WHO. Infant and young child nutrition. Global strategy on infant and young child feeding. Report by the Secretariat. Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly. A55/15. 16 April 2002. Geneva." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cómo promover y apoyar la lactancia materna en la práctica pediátrica" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.T. Hernandez-Aguilar" 1 => "J. Aguayo-Maldonado" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr (Barc)" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "340" "paginaFinal" => "356" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Benefits of donor human milk for preterm infants: current evidence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E. Bertino" 1 => "F. Giuliani" 2 => "L. Occhi" 3 => "A. Coscia" 4 => "P. Tonetto" 5 => "F. Marchino" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.08.010" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Early Hum Dev" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "85" "paginaInicial" => "S9" "paginaFinal" => "S10" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19800748" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of freezing on the bactericidal activity of human milk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Takci" 1 => "D. Gulmez" 2 => "S. Yigit" 3 => "O. Dogan" 4 => "K. Dik" 5 => "G. Hascelik" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/MPG.0b013e31824f7889" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "146" "paginaFinal" => "149" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22357119" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Alterations in the host defense properties of human milk following prolonged storage or pasteurization" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Akinbi" 1 => "J. Meinzen-Derr" 2 => "C. Auer" 3 => "Y. Ma" 4 => "D. Pullum" 5 => "R. Kusano" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181e07f0a" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "347" "paginaFinal" => "352" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20639776" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of storage on breast milk antioxidant activity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Hanna" 1 => "K. Ahmed" 2 => "M. Anwar" 3 => "A. Petrova" 4 => "M. Hiatt" 5 => "T. Hegvi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/adc.2004.049247" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "89" "paginaInicial" => "F518" "paginaFinal" => "F520" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499145" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of freezing time on macronutrients and energy content of breastmilk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N.R. García-Lara" 1 => "D. Escuder-Vieco" 2 => "O. García-Algar" 3 => "J. De la Cruz" 4 => "D. Lora" 5 => "C. Pallás-Alonso" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1089/bfm.2011.0079" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Breastfeed Med" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "295" "paginaFinal" => "301" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047109" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Determination of nutritional requirements in preterm infants, with special reference to catch-up growth" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "W.C. Heird" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1053/siny.2001.0058" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Semin Neonatol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "365" "paginaFinal" => "375" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988026" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Variation in the composition of breast milk during the first 5 weeks of lactation: implications for the feeding of preterm infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C.M. Hibberd" 1 => "O.G. Broke" 2 => "N.D. Carter" 3 => "M. Haug" 4 => "G. Harzer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child" "fecha" => "1982" "volumen" => "57" "paginaInicial" => "658" "paginaFinal" => "662" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7125685" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Creamatocrit: simple clinical technique for estimating fat concentration and energy value of human milk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Lucas" 1 => "J.A.H. Gibbs" 2 => "R.L.J. Lyster" 3 => "J.D. Baum" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br Med J" "fecha" => "1978" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "1018" "paginaFinal" => "1020" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/435930" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Simple method for determining the caloric and fat content of human milk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.A. Lemons" 1 => "R.L. Schreiner" 2 => "E.L. Greshman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "66" "paginaInicial" => "626" "paginaFinal" => "628" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7432850" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A comparison of methods for determination of total lipids in human milk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K.E. Hundrieser" 1 => "R.M. Clark" 2 => "R.G. Jensen" 3 => "A.M. Ferris" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nutr Res" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "21" "paginaFinal" => "26" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Creamatocrit and the nutrient composition of human milk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C.D. Wang" 1 => "P.S. Chu" 2 => "B.G. Mellen" 3 => "J.P. Shenai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Perinatol" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "343" "paginaFinal" => "346" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10685254" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of temperature and length of storage on serum-stimulated and serum-independent biolytic activities in human milk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R.M. Clark" 1 => "K.H. Fundraiser" 2 => "S. Ross" 3 => "P.B. Brown" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "567" "paginaFinal" => "570" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6481567" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lipolysis of triglicerides of human milk during storage at low temperatures: a note of caution" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J. Bitman" 1 => "D. Larry Wood" 2 => "N.R. Mehta" 3 => "P. Hamosh" 4 => "M. Hamosh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr" "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "521" "paginaFinal" => "524" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6620059" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lipases and lipids in human milk: effect of freeze-thawing and storage" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.E. Berkow" 1 => "L.M. Freed" 2 => "M. Hamosh" 3 => "J. Bitman" 4 => "D.L. Wood" 5 => "B. Happ" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Res" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "1257" "paginaFinal" => "1262" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6522138" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of pasteurization on long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and enzyme activities of human milk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T.R. Henderson" 1 => "T.N. Fay" 2 => "M. Hamosh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "132" "paginaInicial" => "876" "paginaFinal" => "878" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9602205" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of storage on the creamatocrit and total energy content of human milk" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Silprasert" 1 => "W. Dejsarai" 2 => "R. Feawvichit" 3 => "K. Amatayakul" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Hum Nutr Clin Nutr" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "31" "paginaFinal" => "36" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3570860" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lecithin decreases human milk fat loss during enteral pumping" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.M. Chan" 1 => "M. Hohara" 2 => "B.R. Chan" 3 => "J. Curtis" 4 => "G.M. Chan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "613" "paginaFinal" => "615" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12717084" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23412879/0000008100000003/v1_201409120835/S2341287914000581/v1_201409120835/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "26004" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brief reports" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23412879/0000008100000003/v1_201409120835/S2341287914000581/v1_201409120835/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00005H&text.app=https://analesdepediatria.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287914000581?idApp=UINPBA00005H"]

Statistics

Brief Report

Effect of freezing on the “creamatocrit” measurement of the lipid content of human donor milk

Medida por crematocrito del contenido calórico de la leche materna donada congelada

S. Vázquez-Román

Corresponding author

sara.vazquezroman@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, C. Alonso-Díaz, N.R. García-Lara, D. Escuder-Vieco, C.R. Pallás-Alonso

Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

Read

6326

Times
was read the article

2303

Total PDF

4023

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S2341287914000581"
  "issn" => "23412879"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2013.09.004"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01"
  "aid" => "1391"
  "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Espa&#241;ola de Pediatr&#237;a"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2013"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "sco"
  "cita" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;. 2014;81:185-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2165
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 146
      "HTML" => 1502
      "PDF" => 517
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S1695403313003780"
      "issn" => "16954033"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.09.001"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01"
      "aid" => "1391"
      "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Espa&#241;ola de Pediatr&#237;a"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 0
      "subdocumento" => "sco"
      "cita" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;. 2014;81:185-8"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 3276
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 124
          "HTML" => 2530
          "PDF" => 622
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original breve</span>"
        "titulo" => "Medida por crematocrito del contenido cal&#243;rico de la leche materna donada congelada"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "185"
            "paginaFinal" => "188"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Effect of freezing on the &#8220;creamatocrit&#8221; measurement of the lipid content of human donor milk"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "S&#46; V&#225;zquez-Rom&#225;n, C&#46; Alonso-D&#237;az, N&#46;R&#46; Garc&#237;a-Lara, D&#46; Escuder-Vieco, C&#46;R&#46; Pall&#225;s-Alonso"
            "autores" => array:5 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "S&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "V&#225;zquez-Rom&#225;n"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "C&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Alonso-D&#237;az"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "N&#46;R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Lara"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "D&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Escuder-Vieco"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "C&#46;R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Pall&#225;s-Alonso"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2341287914000581"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2013.09.004"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287914000581?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403313003780?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
      "url" => "/16954033/0000008100000003/v1_201408270015/S1695403313003780/v1_201408270015/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S234128791400060X"
    "issn" => "23412879"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2013.10.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2014-09-01"
    "aid" => "1447"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Espa&#241;ola de Pediatr&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;. 2014;81:181-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3763
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 135
        "HTML" => 3098
        "PDF" => 530
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Brief Report</span>"
      "titulo" => "Heat stroke related to the use of topiramate&#46; The importance of prevention"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "181"
          "paginaFinal" => "184"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Golpe de calor relacionado con el uso de topiramato&#46; La importancia de la prevenci&#243;n"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Rosich del Cacho, J&#46; Pareja Grande, M&#46;D&#46; Mart&#237;nez Jim&#233;nez, J&#46;F&#46; Latorre Latorre, N&#46; Bejarano Ram&#237;rez, C&#46; L&#243;pez-Menchero Oliva"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Rosich del Cacho"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Pareja Grande"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;D&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez Jim&#233;nez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Latorre Latorre"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "N&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Bejarano Ram&#237;rez"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez-Menchero Oliva"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S1695403313004384"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.10.034"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403313004384?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S234128791400060X?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
    "url" => "/23412879/0000008100000003/v1_201409120835/S234128791400060X/v1_201409120835/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Brief Report</span>"
    "titulo" => "Effect of freezing on the &#8220;creamatocrit&#8221; measurement of the lipid content of human donor milk"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "185"
        "paginaFinal" => "188"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "S&#46; V&#225;zquez-Rom&#225;n, C&#46; Alonso-D&#237;az, N&#46;R&#46; Garc&#237;a-Lara, D&#46; Escuder-Vieco, C&#46;R&#46; Pall&#225;s-Alonso"
        "autores" => array:5 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "V&#225;zquez-Rom&#225;n"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "sara&#46;vazquezroman&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Alonso-D&#237;az"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "N&#46;R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Lara"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "D&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Escuder-Vieco"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Pall&#225;s-Alonso"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neonatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Medida por crematocrito del contenido cal&#243;rico de la leche materna donada congelada"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Human milk is the ideal food for newborns&#44; especially if they are premature or ill&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a> but its properties may alter during its manipulation and storage&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Freezing human milk at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C guarantees its microbiological quality&#44; but its effects on nutritional quality have not been researched thoroughly&#46; Some studies have observed a decrease in the bactericidal and antioxidant activities of breast milk<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a> and a reduction in the energy and fat content over the freezing time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At times&#44; the nutritional content of breastmilk does not meet the requirements of preterm and low-birth-weight infants&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> so it is important that we learn its nutritional value&#46; Lipids constitute the main source of energy&#44; but they are the component that shows the highest degree of variation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The creamatocrit method is a simple and inexpensive means to calculate the fat and energy content of breast milk&#46; It was described by Lucas et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> in 1978&#46; Several authors have observed a good correlation between the energy content of milk and the creamatocrit&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of our study was to determine&#44; by means of the creamatocrit method&#44; the variations in the fat content of raw and pasteurised human milk throughout 3 months of freezing at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed an experimental study&#46; We obtained the samples from women who donate to the Milk Bank&#44; and gave informed consent&#46; The samples were expressed manually or with a breast pump&#44; and stored in sterilised glass containers&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The samples of raw &#40;unpasteurised&#41; milk were refrigerated at 4&#8211;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C following extraction for a maximum of 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; In those first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h the samples were homogenised by rocking them in an arc-like fashion 10 times and then were divided in 7 aliquots&#46; We analysed the first aliquot &#40;time 0&#41; and the 6 remaining aliquots were frozen at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The samples of pasteurised milk were homogenised immediately following Holder pasteurisation by rocking them in an arc-like fashion 10 times&#44; after which they were divided into 7 aliquots&#46; We analysed the first aliquot after pasteurisation&#44; and the 6 remaining aliquots were frozen at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The raw and pasteurised milk aliquots were stored in polypropylene tubes and were labelled based on freezing time &#40;7&#44; 14&#44; 21&#44; 30&#44; 60&#44; or 90 days&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To analyse the aliquots&#44; they were thawed in a 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C water bath until a frozen pellet remained in the middle&#44; and moved to a refrigerator to complete the thawing at 4&#8211;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Creamatocrit analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We used the Lucas method&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Each aliquot was heated in a 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C water bath for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and homogenised with a Vortex<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> mixer&#46; Three 75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;l capillary tubes were drawn from each aliquot for the creamatocrit&#46; The capillary tubes were sealed at one end and centrifuged for 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min at 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm in a Hettich<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> haematocrit centrifuge&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The cream and aqueous fraction layers were measured with callipers&#46; The creamatocrit was expressed as the percentage of cream relative to the length of the entire milk column&#46; We calculated the mean value of the 3 creamatocrits&#44; and applied the Lucas formula to determine the fat content &#40;&#37;cream &#8211; 0&#46;59&#41;&#47;0&#46;146<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;l and energy content &#40;&#37;cream<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>66&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>290<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kcal&#47;l&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Statistical methods</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sample size&#58; we conducted a pilot study beforehand&#46; We found a difference in fat content of 0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g in raw milk and 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g in pasteurised milk&#46; The sample size required to detect this difference with a power of 80&#37; and a confidence interval of 95&#37; was of 39 raw milk samples and 34 pasteurised milk samples&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have used the mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation to describe continuous variables&#46; The proportion of samples analysed by means of 1&#44; 2&#44; or 3 creamatocrits was expressed in percentages&#46; To evaluate the differences in fat and energy content at the initial time point and the different freezing times&#44; we used Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test for paired samples&#46; We tested the normality of the data distribution by means of the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We collected 44 samples of raw donated breastmilk&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the number and percentage of raw milk aliquots on which 1&#44; 2&#44; and 3 creamatocrits were performed&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation of the fat content at the initial time point was 3&#46;19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#44; and for the energy content it was 640&#46;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140&#46;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kcal&#47;l&#46; We observed a significant decrease in the fat and energy content measurements after freezing at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C at all times of analysis &#40;7&#44; 14&#44; 21&#44; 30&#44; 60&#44; and 90 days&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We collected 36 samples of pasteurised donated milk&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows the aliquots on which 1&#44; 2&#44; and 3 creamatocrits were performed&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean fat content at the beginning of the study was 2&#46;59<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#44; and the mean energy content was 581&#46;56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>114&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kcal&#47;l&#46; We observed a significant reduction in the mean fat and energy content after freezing at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C during the first month of the study &#40;7&#44; 14&#44; 21&#44; and 30 days&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study showed a reduction in the fat and energy content measured by the creamatocrit method in raw and pasteurised breastmilk following freezing at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; This reduction was significant for the first three months of the study in raw milk&#44; and only for the first month in pasteurised milk&#46; Until now&#44; no previous study has assessed the changes in crematocrit values in either raw or pasteurised milk during 3 months of freezing&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies describe an increase in milk lipase activity during freezing at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;17</span></a> Lipolysis hydrolises triglycerides&#44; increasing the level of free fatty acids in milk and reducing the size of the cream layer&#46; This would account for the findings pertaining to the reduction in fat and energy content measured by the creamatocrit method in raw milk from the initial time point to 3 months of freezing&#46; In our study&#44; we also saw that the reduction in the measured fat content of pasteurised milk only occurred during the first month&#46; It has been reported that pasteurisation reduces the levels of lipase activity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> and a lower rate of triglyceride hydrolysis could explain why the reduction in the cream layer is smaller in pasteurised milk than in raw milk&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; while it is likely that the total fat content does not change during freezing&#44; changes in the fat globule affect the creamatocrit value&#46; Lucas et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> previously described that the breakdown of fat globules could produce a false decrease in the creamatocrit&#44; although their study did not find significant changes in the creamatocrit after freezing for 2 months&#46; In contrast&#44; other authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> described a decrease in the creamatocrit after 7 days of freezing at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#59; in this study&#44; the correlation between the creamatocrit and the lipid and energy content remained strong&#44; but they expressed the need to develop a new formula to calculate the energy content of frozen milk more accurately&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The intermediate values that we observed in our study&#44; both in raw and pasteurised milk&#44; cannot be readily explained&#44; and evince the limitations of the creamatocrit to measure the fat content of processed milk&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation of this study is that&#44; due to technical problems&#44; we could not make three creamatocrit measurements for each sample&#44; as indicated by the Lucas method&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> although other studies have used duplicate creamatocrit measurements with good results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For all of the above&#44; we believe that the creamatocrit&#44; while being a method that is easily available in neonatal units&#44; is not the optimal way to measure fat content in previously processed milk&#46; One alternative would be to modify Lucas&#8217; formula<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> for its use in frozen or pasteurised milk&#44; or other more valid measurement methods can be used&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres369693"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Abstract"
            1 => "Objective"
            2 => "Methods"
            3 => "Results"
            4 => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec348853"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres369694"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Resumen"
            1 => "Objetivo"
            2 => "M&#233;todo"
            3 => "Resultados"
            4 => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec348854"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Creamatocrit analysis"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Statistical methods"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2013-07-11"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2013-09-05"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec348853"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Donor human milk"
            1 => "Lipid content"
            2 => "Calorific content"
            3 => "Creamatocrit"
            4 => "Freezing"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec348854"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Leche materna donada"
            1 => "Contenido graso"
            2 => "Contenido energ&#233;tico"
            3 => "Crematocrito"
            4 => "Congelaci&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine&#44; by the creamatocrit measurement&#44; the effect on fat content of freezing raw and pasteurised donor milk at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 3 months&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The evolution of the creamatocrit measurement &#40;following Lucas technique&#41; on frozen &#40;&#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#41;&#44; raw and pasteurised human milk&#44; was analysed during 3 months&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The fat content of raw milk &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41; was 3&#46;19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl at the beginning and 2&#46;86<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl after 3 months frozen &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02&#41;&#46; In pasteurised milk &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41; fat content at the first determination was 2&#46;59<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl and 2&#46;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl after 1 month frozen &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Afterwards there were no significant changes up to 3 months frozen&#46; Variability was observed in the intermediate values&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A reduction on the fat content measurement of raw and pasteurised donor human milk after freezing was observed&#46; Freezing does not inactivate the milk lipase but does destroy the fat globule&#46; Creamatocrit measurement may not be the best method to determine the fat content of processed human milk&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar&#44; mediante crematocrito&#44; las modificaciones del contenido graso de la leche materna cruda y pasteurizada a lo largo de 3 meses de congelaci&#243;n&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analiz&#243; la evoluci&#243;n del crematocrito &#40;f&#243;rmula de Lucas&#41; en leche cruda y pasteurizada a lo largo de 3 meses de congelaci&#243;n a &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La grasa en leche cruda &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41; fue 3&#44;19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl al inicio y 2&#44;86<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl a los 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses de congelaci&#243;n &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#46; En leche pasteurizada &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&#44; al inicio fue 2&#44;59<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl y 2&#44;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl al mes de congelaci&#243;n &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41;&#44; posteriormente&#44; hasta los 3 meses&#44; no hubo cambios significativos&#46; Se observ&#243; variabilidad en los valores intermedios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se observ&#243; una disminuci&#243;n en la medida de la grasa tras congelaci&#243;n en leche cruda y pasteurizada&#46; La congelaci&#243;n no impide la acci&#243;n de la lipasa y tambi&#233;n afecta al gl&#243;bulo de grasa&#46; Probablemente&#44; el crematocrito no sea el m&#233;todo &#243;ptimo para cuantificar la grasa en leche ya procesada&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; V&#225;zquez-Rom&#225;n S&#44; Alonso-D&#237;az C&#44; Garc&#237;a-Lara NR&#44; Escuder-Vieco D&#44; Pall&#225;s-Alonso CR&#46; Medida por crematocrito del contenido cal&#243;rico de la leche materna donada congelada&#46; An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2014&#59;81&#58;185&#8211;188&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Previous presentation&#58; sent as a paper from a member to the XXIV Congreso de Neonatolog&#237;a y Medicina Perinatal&#44; scheduled to be held in Barcelona in October 2013&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Beginning &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">21 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">30 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">60 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">90 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;6&#46;82&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;9&#46;09&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;4&#46;55&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;11&#46;36&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;6&#46;82&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 analyses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;29&#46;55&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;27&#46;27&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;29&#46;55&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;9&#46;09&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;31&#46;82&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 analyses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;68&#46;18&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;61&#46;36&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;68&#46;18&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;70&#46;45&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;79&#46;55&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;61&#46;36&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab556680.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Number and percentage of raw milk aliquots on which 1&#44; 2&#44; or 3 creamatocrit analyses were made at each time point in the study&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Shows the mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation and analysis using Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test for paired samples&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Start&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">21 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">30 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">60 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">90 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fat &#40;g&#47;dl&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">3&#46;19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;44</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;75<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;020&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Energy content &#40;kcal&#47;l&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">640&#46;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>140&#46;60</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">597&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>127&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">613&#46;74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>125&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">603&#46;52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>143&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">594&#46;47<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>126&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">595&#46;04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>145&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">604&#46;39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>157&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;040&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;020&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab556681.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the fat and energy content in raw milk &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41; by amount of time frozen at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Start &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">21 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">30 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">60 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">90 days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;56&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;78&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#46;78&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;11&#46;11&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;56&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 analyses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;8&#46;33&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;56&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;8&#46;33&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;8&#46;33&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;13&#46;89&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;5&#46;56&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;38&#46;89&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 analyses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;86&#46;11&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;91&#46;67&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;88&#46;89&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;91&#46;67&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;86&#46;11&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;83&#46;33&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;55&#46;56&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab556683.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Number and percentage of pasteurised milk aliquots on which 1&#44; 2&#44; or 3 creamatocrit analyses were made at each time point in the study&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Shows the mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation and analysis using Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test for paired samples&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Start&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">7 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">14 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">21 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">30 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">60 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">90 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fat &#40;g&#47;dl&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">2&#46;59<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;17</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;59<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;76<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;996&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;580&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Energy content &#40;kcal&#47;L&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="middle">581&#46;56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>114&#46;04</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">541&#46;96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>101&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">524&#46;11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>106&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">520&#46;03<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">543&#46;71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>93&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">581&#46;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>163&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">598&#46;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>204&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;996&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;580&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab556682.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the fat and energy content in pasteurised milk &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41; by amount of time frozen at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Breastfeeding and the use of human milk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46;M&#46; Gartner"
                            1 => "J&#46; Morton"
                            2 => "R&#46;A&#46; Lawrence"
                            3 => "A&#46;J&#46; Naylor"
                            4 => "D&#46; O&#8217;Hare"
                            5 => "R&#46;J&#46; Schanler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1542/peds.2004-2491"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "115"
                        "paginaInicial" => "496"
                        "paginaFinal" => "506"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15687461"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "WHO&#46; Infant and young child nutrition&#46; Global strategy on infant and young child feeding&#46; Report by the Secretariat&#46; Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly&#46; A55&#47;15&#46; 16 April 2002&#46; Geneva&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "C&#243;mo promover y apoyar la lactancia materna en la pr&#225;ctica pedi&#225;trica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;T&#46; Hernandez-Aguilar"
                            1 => "J&#46; Aguayo-Maldonado"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "63"
                        "paginaInicial" => "340"
                        "paginaFinal" => "356"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Benefits of donor human milk for preterm infants&#58; current evidence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Bertino"
                            1 => "F&#46; Giuliani"
                            2 => "L&#46; Occhi"
                            3 => "A&#46; Coscia"
                            4 => "P&#46; Tonetto"
                            5 => "F&#46; Marchino"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.08.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Early Hum Dev"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "85"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S9"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S10"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19800748"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of freezing on the bactericidal activity of human milk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Takci"
                            1 => "D&#46; Gulmez"
                            2 => "S&#46; Yigit"
                            3 => "O&#46; Dogan"
                            4 => "K&#46; Dik"
                            5 => "G&#46; Hascelik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/MPG.0b013e31824f7889"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "146"
                        "paginaFinal" => "149"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22357119"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Alterations in the host defense properties of human milk following prolonged storage or pasteurization"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Akinbi"
                            1 => "J&#46; Meinzen-Derr"
                            2 => "C&#46; Auer"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Ma"
                            4 => "D&#46; Pullum"
                            5 => "R&#46; Kusano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181e07f0a"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "347"
                        "paginaFinal" => "352"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20639776"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of storage on breast milk antioxidant activity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Hanna"
                            1 => "K&#46; Ahmed"
                            2 => "M&#46; Anwar"
                            3 => "A&#46; Petrova"
                            4 => "M&#46; Hiatt"
                            5 => "T&#46; Hegvi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/adc.2004.049247"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "F518"
                        "paginaFinal" => "F520"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499145"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of freezing time on macronutrients and energy content of breastmilk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46;R&#46; Garc&#237;a-Lara"
                            1 => "D&#46; Escuder-Vieco"
                            2 => "O&#46; Garc&#237;a-Algar"
                            3 => "J&#46; De la Cruz"
                            4 => "D&#46; Lora"
                            5 => "C&#46; Pall&#225;s-Alonso"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1089/bfm.2011.0079"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Breastfeed Med"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "295"
                        "paginaFinal" => "301"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047109"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Determination of nutritional requirements in preterm infants&#44; with special reference to catch-up growth"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "W&#46;C&#46; Heird"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1053/siny.2001.0058"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Semin Neonatol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "365"
                        "paginaFinal" => "375"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988026"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Variation in the composition of breast milk during the first 5 weeks of lactation&#58; implications for the feeding of preterm infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46;M&#46; Hibberd"
                            1 => "O&#46;G&#46; Broke"
                            2 => "N&#46;D&#46; Carter"
                            3 => "M&#46; Haug"
                            4 => "G&#46; Harzer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "658"
                        "paginaFinal" => "662"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7125685"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Creamatocrit&#58; simple clinical technique for estimating fat concentration and energy value of human milk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Lucas"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46;H&#46; Gibbs"
                            2 => "R&#46;L&#46;J&#46; Lyster"
                            3 => "J&#46;D&#46; Baum"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br Med J"
                        "fecha" => "1978"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1018"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1020"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/435930"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Simple method for determining the caloric and fat content of human milk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Lemons"
                            1 => "R&#46;L&#46; Schreiner"
                            2 => "E&#46;L&#46; Greshman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "paginaInicial" => "626"
                        "paginaFinal" => "628"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7432850"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A comparison of methods for determination of total lipids in human milk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46;E&#46; Hundrieser"
                            1 => "R&#46;M&#46; Clark"
                            2 => "R&#46;G&#46; Jensen"
                            3 => "A&#46;M&#46; Ferris"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nutr Res"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "21"
                        "paginaFinal" => "26"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Creamatocrit and the nutrient composition of human milk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46;D&#46; Wang"
                            1 => "P&#46;S&#46; Chu"
                            2 => "B&#46;G&#46; Mellen"
                            3 => "J&#46;P&#46; Shenai"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Perinatol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "343"
                        "paginaFinal" => "346"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10685254"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of temperature and length of storage on serum-stimulated and serum-independent biolytic activities in human milk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46;M&#46; Clark"
                            1 => "K&#46;H&#46; Fundraiser"
                            2 => "S&#46; Ross"
                            3 => "P&#46;B&#46; Brown"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "567"
                        "paginaFinal" => "570"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6481567"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lipolysis of triglicerides of human milk during storage at low temperatures&#58; a note of caution"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Bitman"
                            1 => "D&#46; Larry Wood"
                            2 => "N&#46;R&#46; Mehta"
                            3 => "P&#46; Hamosh"
                            4 => "M&#46; Hamosh"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "1983"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "521"
                        "paginaFinal" => "524"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6620059"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lipases and lipids in human milk&#58; effect of freeze-thawing and storage"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;E&#46; Berkow"
                            1 => "L&#46;M&#46; Freed"
                            2 => "M&#46; Hamosh"
                            3 => "J&#46; Bitman"
                            4 => "D&#46;L&#46; Wood"
                            5 => "B&#46; Happ"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Res"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1257"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1262"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6522138"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of pasteurization on long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and enzyme activities of human milk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46;R&#46; Henderson"
                            1 => "T&#46;N&#46; Fay"
                            2 => "M&#46; Hamosh"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "132"
                        "paginaInicial" => "876"
                        "paginaFinal" => "878"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9602205"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of storage on the creamatocrit and total energy content of human milk"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Silprasert"
                            1 => "W&#46; Dejsarai"
                            2 => "R&#46; Feawvichit"
                            3 => "K&#46; Amatayakul"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Hum Nutr Clin Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "31"
                        "paginaFinal" => "36"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3570860"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lecithin decreases human milk fat loss during enteral pumping"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;M&#46; Chan"
                            1 => "M&#46; Hohara"
                            2 => "B&#46;R&#46; Chan"
                            3 => "J&#46; Curtis"
                            4 => "G&#46;M&#46; Chan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "613"
                        "paginaFinal" => "615"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12717084"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/23412879/0000008100000003/v1_201409120835/S2341287914000581/v1_201409120835/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "26004"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Brief reports"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23412879/0000008100000003/v1_201409120835/S2341287914000581/v1_201409120835/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00005H&text.app=https://analesdepediatria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287914000581?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
]

Article information

ISSN: 23412879
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.anpede.2013.09.004

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	11	9	20
2024 October	59	33	92
2024 September	65	44	109
2024 August	81	67	148
2024 July	71	43	114
2024 June	50	39	89
2024 May	44	32	76
2024 April	45	27	72
2024 March	37	35	72
2024 February	34	24	58
2024 January	31	25	56
2023 December	63	36	99
2023 November	55	23	78
2023 October	44	23	67
2023 September	58	27	85
2023 August	48	18	66
2023 July	42	35	77
2023 June	36	28	64
2023 May	44	25	69
2023 April	34	13	47
2023 March	34	18	52
2023 February	29	19	48
2023 January	21	16	37
2022 December	49	27	76
2022 November	51	39	90
2022 October	55	32	87
2022 September	30	32	62
2022 August	39	45	84
2022 July	39	55	94
2022 June	33	37	70
2022 May	48	51	99
2022 April	31	40	71
2022 March	38	51	89
2022 February	32	27	59
2022 January	43	35	78
2021 December	25	35	60
2021 November	47	38	85
2021 October	117	76	193
2021 September	64	49	113
2021 August	64	45	109
2021 July	26	40	66
2021 June	34	28	62
2021 May	42	33	75
2021 April	81	62	143
2021 March	55	25	80
2021 February	35	14	49
2021 January	46	24	70
2020 December	45	29	74
2020 November	33	23	56
2020 October	29	13	42
2020 September	48	23	71
2020 August	26	10	36
2020 July	23	18	41
2020 June	39	6	45
2020 May	43	15	58
2020 April	24	16	40
2020 March	36	22	58
2020 February	33	24	57
2020 January	35	9	44
2019 December	42	14	56
2019 November	44	15	59
2019 October	17	15	32
2019 September	24	11	35
2019 August	58	15	73
2019 July	42	40	82
2019 June	37	25	62
2019 May	33	48	81
2019 April	60	26	86
2019 March	37	16	53
2019 February	59	16	75
2019 January	42	18	60
2018 December	40	31	71
2018 November	110	25	135
2018 October	112	40	152
2018 September	68	18	86
2018 August	2	0	2
2018 July	4	0	4
2018 June	5	0	5
2018 May	9	0	9
2018 April	28	0	28
2018 March	26	0	26
2018 February	12	0	12
2018 January	23	0	23
2017 December	15	0	15
2017 November	23	0	23
2017 October	18	0	18
2017 September	30	0	30
2017 August	21	0	21
2017 July	30	3	33
2017 June	31	12	43
2017 May	32	11	43
2017 April	46	28	74
2017 March	23	11	34
2017 February	8	9	17
2017 January	13	2	15
2016 December	41	11	52
2016 November	46	12	58
2016 October	63	13	76
2016 September	35	3	38
2016 August	26	2	28
2016 July	14	6	20

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter