Journal Information
Vol. 57. Issue 5.
Pages 401-407 (1 November 2002)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 57. Issue 5.
Pages 401-407 (1 November 2002)
Full text access
Epidemiología de la enfermedad invasiva neumocócica en Guipúzcoa (1981-2001)
Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children in Gipuzkoa (Spain) from 1981 to 2001
Visits
7055
L. Iglesias Sáncheza, E.G. Pérez-Yarzab, J.M.a García-Arenzanaa, A. Valiente Méndeza, E. Pérez-Tralleroa,c,
Corresponding author
mikrobiol@terra.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Donostia. P.° Dr. Beguiristain, s/n. 20014 San Sebastián. España.
a Servicios de Microbiología
b Servicios de Pediatría. Hospital Donostia
c Servicios de Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad del País Vasco. San Sebastián. España
This item has received
Article information
Objetivos

Evaluar las características epidemiológicas de la enfermedad invasiva neumocócica (EIN) en la población pediátrica de Guipúzcoa, la distribución de los serotipos involucrados y analizar el impacto potencial de las nuevas vacunas conjugadas.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de los casos de EIN en la población infantil (< 15 años) entre 1981 y 2001. Se incluyeron los pacientes con cultivo positivo y aislamiento de Streptococcus pneumoniae en sangre, líquido cefalorraquídeo, líquido articular o líquido peritoneal.

Resultados

Se identificaron 129 episodios (30 meningitis, 39 neumonías bacteriémicas, 7 peritonitis, 1 artritis y 52 bacteriemias sin foco). La incidencia de EIN pediátrica se incrementó a lo largo del tiempo y en el período 1999-2001 fue: 12,6 casos/100.000/año en < 15 años; 34,5 en < 5 años; 48,4 en < 2 años; y 40,8 en < 2 meses. La incidencia de meningitis neumocócica fue similar en todo el período de estudio (1981-2001): 1,3 en < 15 años; 3,5 en < 5 años; 8,1 en < 2 años, y 10,2 en < 2 meses. De 1989 a 2001 la mortalidad fue del 1% (1/98 casos). Los neumococos de serotipos y serogrupos incluidos en la vacuna 7-valente fueron responsables del 60,5 y 70,9% (70,2 y 80,6% para la vacuna 9-valente; 76,6 y 87,1 % para la 11-valente). En el período 1999-2001 la resistencia a penicilina fue del 35,4% y a eritromicina del 38,7%.

Conclusiones

La incidencia de EIN aumentó en los últimos años, y presentó tasas similares a otros países europeos. Es preciso continuar la vigilancia para evaluar el impacto de las vacunas conjugadas sobre esta infección.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad invasiva
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Epidemiología
Incidencia
Mortalidad
Pediatría
Objectives

To assess the epidemiological characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children in Gipuzkoa (Spain) as well as the serotype distribution among these episodes and to analyze the potential impact of new conjugate vaccines.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of cases of IPD in the pediatric population (< 15 years) between 1981 and 2001. Patients were included if blood, cerebrospinal, joint or peritoneal fluid isolates were culture-positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Results

One hundred twenty-nine episodes (30 meningitis, 39 bacteremic pneumonia, 7 peritonitis, 1 arthritis and 52 bacteremia without focus) were identified. The incidence of IPD in children increased throughout the study period and from 1999-2001 was 12.6 cases per 100,000/ year in children aged < 15 years, 34.5 in those < 5 years, 48.4 in those < 2 years and 40.8 in infants < 2 months. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis was similar throughout the study period (1981-2001): 1.3 in children aged < 15 years, 3.5 in those < 5 years, 8.1 in those < 2 years and 10.2 in infants < 2 months. From 1989 to 2001 mortality was 1% (1/98 cases). The pneumococcal serotypes and serogroups present in the 7-valent vaccine accounted for 60.5 % and 70.9% of the cases (9-valent vaccine: 70.2 % and 80.6 %; 11-valent vaccine: 76.6 % and 87.2 %). From 1999-2001, penicillin resistance was 35.4% and erythromycin resistance was 38.7%.

Conclusions

The incidence of IPD in children in Gipuzkoa has increased in the last few years, with rates similar to those in other European countries. Continued surveillance is required to assess the impact of the new conjugate vaccines on this infection.

Key words::
Invasive disease
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Epidemiology
Incidence
Mortality
Pediatrics
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
K. Mulholland.
Magnitude of the problem of childhood pneumonia.
[2.]
World Health Organization. Pneumococcal vaccines. WHO position paper.
Weekly Epidemiological Record, 74 (1999), pp. 177-184
[3.]
E.D. Shapiro, A.T. Berg, R. Austrian, D. Schroeder, V. Parcells, A. Margolis.
The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
N Engl J Med, 325 (1991), pp. 1453-1460
[4.]
A. Ortqvist, J. Hedlund, L.A. Burman, E. Elbel, M. Hofer, M. Leinonen, et al.
Randomized trial of 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in prevention of pneumonia in middleaged and elderly people. Swedish Pneumococcal Vaccination Study Group.
Lancet, 351 (1998), pp. 399-403
[5.]
Center for Disease Control. Preventing pneumococcal disease: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization.
MMWR, 49 (2000), pp. 1-38
[6.]
J. Eskola.
Immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 19 (2000), pp. 388-393
[7.]
J.C. Butler, R.F. Breiman, H.B. Lipman, J. Hofmann, R.R. Facklam.
Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among preschool children in the United States, 1978-1994: Implications for development of a conjugate vaccine.
J Infect Dis, 171 (1995), pp. 885-889
[8.]
S. Black, H. Shinefield, B. Fireman, E. Lewis, P. Ray, J.R. Hansen, et al.
Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Northern California Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center Group.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 19 (2000), pp. 187-195
[9.]
S.B. Black, H.R. Shinefield, J. Hansen, L. Elvin, D. Laufer, F. Malinoski.
Postlicensure evaluation of the effectiveness of seven valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 20 (2001), pp. 1105-1107
[10.]
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, 5.a ed. Publications M7-A5. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pa, 1997
[11.]
Diez Domingo J, Morant A, Pereiro I, Gimeno C, Brines J, Gonzalez A. Childhood invasive pneumococcal disease in Valencia, Spain. Population-based surveillance system. Presented at 17th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Crete, Greece 1999; [abstr] 140
[12.]
M.S. Kaltoft, N. Zeuthen, H.B. Konradsen.
Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections in children aged 0-6 years in Denmark: A 19-year nationwide surveillance study.
Acta Paediatr, 435 (2000), pp. 3-10
[13.]
E. Miller, P. Waight, A. Efstratiou, M. Brisson, A. Johnson, R. George.
Epidemiology of invasive and other pneumococcal disease in children in England and Wales 1996-1998.
Acta Paediatr, 435 (2000), pp. 11-16
[14.]
M.H. Kyaw, S. Clarke, I.G. Jones, H. Campbell.
Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland, 1988-99.
Epidemiol Infect, 128 (2002), pp. 139-147
[15.]
R. Von Kries, A. Siedler, H.J. Schmitt, R.R. Reinert.
Proportion of invasive pneumococcal infections in German children preventable by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
Clin Infect Dis, 31 (2000), pp. 482-487
[16.]
L. Voss, D. Lennon, K. Okesene-Gafa, S. Ameratunga, D. Martin.
Invasive pneumococcal disease in a pediatric population, Auckland, New Zealand.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 13 (1994), pp. 873-878
[17.]
K.A. Robinson, W. Baughman, G. Rothrock, N.L. Rothrock, M. Pass, C. Lexau, et al.
Epidemiology of Invasive Streptococcus pneumonia Infections in the United States, 1995-1998. Opportunities for Prevention in the Conjugate Vaccine Era.
JAMA, 285 (2001), pp. 1729-1735
[18.]
W.P. Hausdorff, S.G. Siber, P.R. Paradiso.
Geographical differences in invasive pneumococcal disease rates and serotype frequency in young children.
[19.]
M. Eriksson, B. Henriques, K. Ekdahl.
Epidemiology of pneumococcal infections in Swedish children.
Acta Paediatr, 435 (2000), pp. 35-39
[20.]
J. Casado Flores, J. Aristegui, C. Rodrigo De Liria, J. Martinón, C. Fernández Pérez.
Prevalencia de meningitis neumocócica en niños españoles.
An Esp Pediatr, 56 (2002), pp. 5-9
[21.]
H.C. Schønheyder, H.T. Sørensen, B. Kristensen, B. Korsager.
Reasons for increase in pneumococcal bacteraemia.
Lancet, 349 (1997), pp. 1554
[22.]
M. Baer, R. Vuento, T. Vesikari.
Increase in bacteraemic pneumococcal infections in children.
Lancet, 345 (1995), pp. 661
[23.]
D. Scheifele, S. Halperin, L. Pelletier, J. Talbot.
Invasive pneumococcal infections in Canadian children, 1991-1998: Implications for new vaccination strategies. Canadian Paediatric Society Laboratory Centre for Disease Control Immunization Monitoring Program, Active (IMPACT).
Clin Infect Dis, 31 (2000), pp. 58-64
[24.]
J.A. Soult, C. Rangel, M. Muñoz, J.S. Parrilla, F. Díaz, J.D. López, et al.
Meningitis neumocócica: características epidemiológicas, clínicas y bacteriológicas.
An Esp Pediatr, 55 (2001), pp. 315-320
[25.]
J. Casado Flores, J. Aristegui, C. Rodrigo De Liria, J. Martinón, C. Fernández Pérez.
Formas de presentación de la meningitis neumocócica. Estudio de 107 casos.
An Esp Pediatr, 56 (2001), pp. 595
[26.]
K.P. Klugman.
Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics.
Clin Microbiol Rev, 3 (1990), pp. 171-196
[27.]
A. Fenoll, I. Jado, D. Viciso, A. Perez, J. Casal.
Evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and antibiotic resistance in Spain: Update (1990 to 1996).
J Clin Microbiol, 36 (1998), pp. 3447-3454
[28.]
J. Liñares, F. Tubau, M.A. Dominguez.
Antibiotic Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Spain: An Overview of the 1990s.
Streptococcus pneumoniae: Molecular biology and mechanisms of disease-update for the 1990s, pp. 399-407
Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Download PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?