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Vol. 53. Issue 5.
Pages 422-430 (1 November 2000)
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Vol. 53. Issue 5.
Pages 422-430 (1 November 2000)
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Ecocistografía con contraste: una nueva modalidad de imagen para diagnosticar el reflujo vesicoureteral
Cystosonography with echoenhancer. a new imaging technique for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux
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T. Berrocal Frutosa,*, F. Gayá Morenob, N. Gómez Leóna, E. Jaureguízar Monereoc
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico
b Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación
c Servicio de Urología. Hospital Infantil La Paz. Madrid
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Abstract
Objetivo

Analizar la utilidad de la ecografía realzada con un medio de contraste ecopotenciador (ecocistografía) para diagnosticar el reflujo vesicoureteral, comparando los resultados de esta nueva modalidad de imagen con los de la cistouretrografía miccional convencional (CUMS).

Pacientes y métodos

Se incluyeron 169 pacientes (293 unidades renales) con edades comprendidas entre 3 días y 18 años y se estudiaron con ultrasonidos para valorar la existencia de reflujo vesicoureteral, después de rellenar la vejiga con suero salino mezclado con una suspensión de galactosa y ácido palmítico (LevografÒ) que actúa como agente ecopotenciador. Se obtuvieron imágenes ecográficas tanto durante el llenado vesical como durante la micción. Esta exploración fue siempre seguida de una CUMS durante la misma sesión diagnóstica.

Resultados

En 50 unidades renales se detectó reflujo vesicoureteral pasivo tanto en ecocistografía como en la CUMS. En 22 unidades se detectó reflujo pasivo únicamente en la ecocistografía y en tres se detectó reflujo pasivo en la CUMS y la ecocistografía fue negativa. En 56 unidades renales se detectó reflujo activo por ambos procedimientos. En 17 unidades se objetivó reflujo activo en la ecocistografía y la CUMS fue normal y en cinco se observó reflujo activo en la CUMS y la ecocistografía no consiguió demostrarlo. Considerando el reflujo globalmente, de las 293 unidades renales totales, en 204 (69,6%) no se encontró reflujo vesicoureteral por ninguno de los dos procedimientos y en 63 (21,5%) unidades se detectó reflujo en ambos, independientemente de si éste era activo o pasivo. En 19 unidades se observó reflujo vesicoureteral (activo o pasivo) sólo en la ecocistografía y en siete unidades se encontró únicamente en la CUMS. La sensibilidad de la ecocistografía para detectar reflujo frente a la CUMS fue del 90,5% y la especificidad del 91,4%.

Conclusiones

La ecocistografía es una modalidad de imagen útil para diagnosticar el reflujo vesicoureteral, suficientemente sensible y específica, y presenta la ventaja sobre la CUMS de que no es necesario utilizar radiaciones ionizantes.

Key words:
Cystosonography
Micturating cystourethrography
Vesicoureteral reflux
Children
Resumen
Objective

To analyze the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the bladder and kidneys (cystosonography) for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by comparing the results of this new imaging modality with those of micturating cystourethrography (MCU).

Material and methods

A total of 169 patients (293 kidney units) aged between 3 days and 18 years were sonographically evaluated for the presence of VUR after filling the bladder with saline and a galactose and palmitic acid suspension (Levograf) as an echo-enhancing agent. Ultrasonographic images were obtained during bladder filling and micturation. This procedure was always followed by MCU during the same diagnostic session.

Results

In 50 kidney units both cystosonography and MUR detected VUR during bladder filling. In 22 units, only cystosonography detected passive reflux during bladder filling and in 3 only MCU did so. In 56 units, both methods detected active VUR during micturation. In 17 units, only cystosonography detected active reflux during micturation, the results of MCU being normal, and in 5, only MCU detected active reflux. Overall, of the 293 kidney units, VUR was not detected by either of the imaging modalities in 204 (69.6%) and was detected by both methods, irrespective of whether it was active or passive, in 63 (21.5%). In 19 units, VUR (active or passive) was observed only by cystosonography and in 7 only by MCU. When MCU was used as the reference method, cystosonography had a sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 91.4%.

Conclusions

Contrast-enhanced cystosonography is a reliable modality, with sufficient sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of VUR and does not expose patients to ionizing radiation.

Palabras clave:
Ecocistografía
Cistouretrografía miccional
Reflujo vesicoureteral
Niños
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