Journal Information
Vol. 80. Issue 6.
Pages 394-398 (01 June 2014)
Vol. 80. Issue 6.
Pages 394-398 (01 June 2014)
BRIEF REPORT
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Confusion as a presentation symptom of pseudomigraine with pleocytosis in a paediatric patient
Confusión como síntoma de presentación de una pseudomigraña con pleocitosis en un paciente pediátrico
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V. Soto-Insuga
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victorsotoinsuga@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, L. López-Villanueva, M. Rodrigo, I. Mois Aroyo, R. Losada, L. Soriano-Guillén
Servicio de Pediatría, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytic pleocytosis (HaNDL) syndrome is a rare condition of unknown origin that is characterized by episodes of severe headache, transient neurological deficits that recur over less than 3 months, and lymphocytic pleocytosis in CSF.

We report the case of a 14 year-old girl who presented with headache and vomiting that lasted 4 days, later combined with a clinical presentation of confusion, with a decrease in the level of consciousness, aphasia, peripheral facial paralysis, ataxia and fever for 24hours. CSF analysis showed pleocytosis (110 cells/ml) and proteinorrachia (87mg/dl). Electroencephalogram in the acute time showed generalized slowing, and later a focal slowing in the left hemisphere. She suffered 7 episodes of migraine (severe headache and vomiting) in the following two months, remaining asymptomatic thereafter.

This is the first paediatric case published in the literature that presents with an agitated and/or confused state. This condition must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with headache and acute altered level of consciousness, in order to avoid prolonged treatments or unnecessary invasive testing.

Keywords:
Headache and neurologic deficits with CSF Lymphocytosis
Pseudomigraine with pleocytosis
Migraine
Confusional syndrome
Agitation
Electroencephalogram
Resumen

La cefalea con déficits neurológicos transitorios con pleocitosis linfocitaria en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (HaNDL) es una entidad poco frecuente y de etiología desconocida caracterizada por episodios de cefalea intensa, déficits neurológicos transitorios recurrentes durante 3 meses y pleocitosis linfocitaria.

Presentamos el caso de una niña de 14 años con cefalea y vómitos de 4 días de evolución, asociando posteriormente confusión, disminución de conciencia, afasia, paresia facial periférica, ataxia y febrícula durante 24h. El análisis del LCR mostró pleocitosis (110 leucocitos/ml) y proteinorraquia (87mg/dl). El electroencefalograma mostraba enlentecimiento generalizado en el momento agudo y posteriormente actividad lenta focalizada izquierda. En los siguientes 2 meses presentó 7 nuevos episodios de cefalea migrañosa permaneciendo asintomática después.

Es el primer caso pediátrico de HaNDL que se presenta como agitación y/o estado confusional. Esta entidad debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial ante cuadros de cefalea y alteración de conciencia para evitar tratamientos prolongados o pruebas invasivas innecesarias.

Palabras clave:
Cefalea con déficits neurológicos transitorios con pleocitosis linfocitaria
Pseudomigraña con pleocitosis
Migraña
Estado confusional
Agitación
Electroencefalograma
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Please cite this article as: Soto-Insuga V, López-Villanueva L, Rodrigo M, Mois Aroyo I, Losada R, Soriano-Guillén L. Confusión como síntoma de presentación de una pseudomigraña con pleocitosis en un paciente pediátrico. An Pediatr (Barc). 2014;80:394-398.

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