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Vol. 58. Issue 2.
Pages 121-127 (1 February 2003)
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Vol. 58. Issue 2.
Pages 121-127 (1 February 2003)
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Cáncer infantil en la comunidad de Cantabria (1995-2000)
Childhood cancer in the autonomous community of cantabria in spain (1995-2000)
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6793
S. García Calatayud
Corresponding author
garciacs@ono.com

Correspondencia: General Dávila, 306, portal 1, 9.º C. 39007 Santander. España
, M. San Román Muñoz, M. Uyaguari Quezada, E. Pérez Gil, D. González Lamuño, P. Cantero Santamaría
Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Santander. España
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Antecedentes

Desde el año 1980, el Registro Nacional de Tumores Infantiles recoge los datos estadísticos del cáncer infantil en España. Este registro no recoge los pacientes de la Comunidad de Cantabria debido a la ausencia de un centro informantey ello justifica la realización del presente trabajo

Objetivos

Analizar la incidencia, demora diagnóstica y aspectos clínicos del cáncer infantil en Cantabria

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo mediante la revisión de historiasclínicas de 89 pacientes menores de 15 años con cáncer,diagnosticados en Cantabria durante los años 1995-2000

Resultados

La incidencia anual de cáncer infantil en Cantabria fue198,1 casos por millón de habitantes, predominando envarones (53,9 %) y menores de 5 años (46,1 %). El tumormás frecuente fue la leucemia (32,6 %), seguido de los tumores cerebrales (23,6 %). Los síntomas de presentación más frecuentes fueron fiebre-febrícula (29,2 %) y astenia-anorexia (19,1 %). La demora diagnóstica media fuede 5,99 semanas, presentando la mayor demora los tumores cerebrales. Se observa una relación estadística directa entre la demora diagnóstica y la inespecificidad de los síntomas de presentación. El 20,2 % de los pacientes fueron seguidos fuera de Cantabria

Conclusiones

En Cantabria, la incidencia global de cáncer infantil y, en concreto, de neuroblastomas resultó alta comparada con nuestro entorno. En general, las principales dificultades diagnósticas del cáncer infantil son su baja frecuencia y la inespecificidad de su clínica inicial. Se debe fomentar la creación de unidades de seguimiento del paciente oncológico infantil cercanos a sus lugares de residencia y evitarlos trastornos derivados de su desplazamiento

Palabras clave:
Cáncer infantil
Retraso diagnóstico
Incidencia
Background

Since 1980, the epidemiology of childhood cancer in Spain has been registered through the National Registry of Childhood Cancer. However, this registry does not include patients from Autonomous Community of Cantabria because there is no reporting clinical center. The absence of data on childhood cancer in this region justifies this study

Objectives

To analyze the clinical presentation, diagnostic delay and incidence of childhood cancer in Cantabria

method

We performed a retrospective analysis of 89 children (aged 0-15 years) diagnosed with cancer in Cantabria from 1995-2000

Results

The annual incidence of childhood cancer in the region was 198.1 cases per million inhabitants with a predominance of males (53.9 %) and children aged less than 5 years (46.1 %). The most frequent cancers were leukemia (32.6 %) and brain tumors (23.6 %). The most frequentsigns and symptoms were fever (29.2 %) and decreased appetite or fatigue (19.1 %). The mean delay in diagnosis forall tumors was 5.99 weeks and delays were longest forbrain tumors. There was a direct statistical relationship between non-specific clinical presentation and diagnostic delay. A total of 20.2 % of all patients received treatment outside Cantabria

Conclusions

The incidence of all childhood cancers and especially that of neuroblastoma was higher in Cantabria than in other areas of Spain. In general, the major difficulties in the diagnosis of childhood cancer are its low incidence and non-specific presenting symptoms. Specialized pediatric oncology units near to patients homes should be created to avoid problems due to treatment outside the area of residence

Key words:
Childhood cancer
Diagnostic delay
Incidence
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