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Vol. 55. Issue 6.
Pages 511-516 (1 December 2001)
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Vol. 55. Issue 6.
Pages 511-516 (1 December 2001)
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Bronquiolitis y obstrucción bronquial recurrente: ¿es la eosinofilia un factor de riesgo?
Bronchiolitis and persistent wheezing.is eosinophilia a risk factor?
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10421
C. Calvo Reya,
Corresponding author
ccalvo@mi.madritel.es

Correspondencia: Dra. C. Calvo Rey.Viento, 5, 5. A. Tres Cantos. 28760 Madrid.
, M.L. García Garcíaa, M.R. Albañil Ballesterosb
a Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Severo Ochoa. Madrid.
b Pediatra EAP. Centro de Salud Cuzco. Madrid.
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Objetivos

Estudiar la evolución de los lactantes que presentaron un episodio de bronquiolitis y analizar los factores de riesgo para desarrollar broncoespasmo posteriormente, conespecial atención a la presencia de eosinofilia en el episodio agudo.

Pacientes y métodos

Se estudiaron los niños menores de 2 años que precisaron ingreso hospitalario por bronquiolitis durante las temporadas 1990 a 1993. Se analizaron los valores de loseosinófilos durante el episodio agudo y los episodios respiratorios posteriores compatibles con obstrucción bronquiala corto plazo (antes de los 5 años de edad), a largo plazo (después de los 5 años de edad) y la ausencia de éstos.Se valoraron otros factores de riesgo (historia familiarde asma, tabaquismo pasivo, aislamiento de virus respiratorio sincitial [VRS]).

Resultados

Se estudiaron 170 pacientes (100 niños y 70 niñas) de 7,15 6 0,78 años de edad que tuvieron un episodio de bronquiolitis aguda a la edad de 5,4 6 4,2 meses. Desarrollaron episodios de obstrucción bronquial a corto plazo 113 pacientes (66,5 %) y a largo plazo 60 pacientes (35,3 %). En 56 casos la evolución fue normal.

El número de pacientes con eosinófilos 1% resultó significativamente diferente entre los tres grupos de pacientes estudiados (p 5 0,029). El porcentaje de eosinófilos 1% en el momento del ingreso se asoció con episodios de obstrucción bronquial a corto plazo (p 5 0,013). Los valores medios de eosinófilos fueron más elevados en los pacientes que desarrollaron estos episodios en algún momento de su evolución (p 5 0,028). La historia familiar de asma se asoció con el desarrollo de episodios de obstrucción bronquial a largo plazo (p 5 0,033).

Conclusiones

En la población estudiada la eosinofilia>1% durante elepisodio de bronquiolitis aguda en lactantes se asocia conun mayor riesgo de presentar episodios de obstrucciónbronquial en los primeros 5 años de la vida, así como lahistoria familiar de asma con el desarrollo de estos cuadrosa largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Bronquiolitis
Obstrucción bronquial
Asma
Eosinofilia
Lactantes
Objectives

To investigate the final outcome of infants presenting anepisode of bronchiolitis and to analyze the risk factors forthe development of persistent wheezing, with special attentionpaid to the presence of eosinophilia during theacute episode.

Patients and methods

We studied all the children aged less than 2 years whorequired hospitalization for bronchiolitis between 1990and 1993. Eosinophil values during the acute phase werecollected. Clinical evolution and outcome were classifiedin three groups: short-term persistent wheezing (if resolvedbefore the child reached the age of 5 years),long-term persistent wheezing (if the child remainedsymptomatic after the age of 5 years) and no wheezing.Other risk factors for asthma such as familial history, passivesmoking and respiratory syncytial virus isolationwere also studied.

Results

We analyzed 170 patients (100 boys and 70 girls) aged7.15 6 0.78 years who suffered an episode of acute bronchiolitisat the age of 5.4 6 4.2 months. One hundred thirteenpatients (66.5 %) developed short-term persistentwheezing and 60 (35.3 %) developed long-term persistent wheezing. Fifty-six patients presented no wheezing. Thenumber of patients with eosinophils>1% was significantlydifferent in the three groups of patients (p 5 0.029).A Eosinophil values of>1% was associated with shorttermpersistent wheezing (p 5 0.013). Mean eosinophilvalues were higher in patients who developed wheezing atsome time during evolution (p 5 0.028). A familial historyof asthma was associated with the development oflong-term persistent wheezing (p 5 0.033).

Conclusions

In the population studied, eosinophil values of>1%during an episode of acute bronchiolitis in infancy was associatedwith a higher risk of developing persistent wheezingin the first 5 years of life. A familial history of asthmawas associated with a higher risk of developing long-termpersistent wheezing.

Key words:
Bronchiolitis
Persistent wheezing
Asthma
Eosinophilia
Infants
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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