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Vol. 60. Issue 3.
Pages 236-242 (1 March 2004)
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Vol. 60. Issue 3.
Pages 236-242 (1 March 2004)
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Asociación entre dermatitis atópica, rinitis alérgica y asma en escolares de 13 y 14 años
Association between atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma in schoolchildren aged 13-14 years old
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15051
D. Martín Fernández-Mayoralasa, J.M. Martín Caballerob, L. García-Marcos Álvarezc,*
a Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid
b Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia
c Unidad Docente de Pediatría, Universidad de Murcia, y Unidad de Investigación. Cartagena. España
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Antecedentes

La dermatitis atópica está en íntima relación con otras enfermedades atópicas, particularmente con asma y rinitis alérgica. A pesar de haber cierto acuerdo en que el padecimiento de eccema atópico predispone al padecimiento de asma y rinitis, es preciso cuantificar el riesgo en las poblaciones, siguiendo un método de estudio estandarizado, que es el objetivo del presente trabajo.

Métodos

Siguiendo una metodología de encuesta de investigación del estudio ISAAC, en un estudio transversal, hemos analizado, y cuantificado, en la población de escolares de 13 y 14 años de la ciudad de Cartagena (Murcia), la asociación del padecimiento y gravedad de eccema atópico con el de la rinitis alérgica, el asma y el asma alérgica.

Resultados

Los resultados han mostrado, cuantificando el riesgo, que los escolares con eccema atópico, respecto a los que no lo padecen, tienen un riesgo triple de tener rinitis alérgica (odds ratio [OR], 3,33; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%], 2,45-4,54), cuádruple de tener asma (OR, 3,85; IC 95%, 2,74-5,42) y quíntuple de tener asma alérgica (OR, 4,91; IC 95%, 3,17-7,59), estando en relación directa las gravedades respectivas.

Palabras clave:
Dermatitis atópica
Eccema atópico
Rinitis alérgica
Asma
Epidemiología
Background

Atopic dermatitis is closely related to other atopic diseases, especially asthma and allergic rhinitis. Although there is a certain agreement that suffering from atopic eczema predisposes to asthma and allergic rhinitis, the risk of developing these diseases should be quantified in populations following a standardized method, which is the objective of this study.

Methods

Using the questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC), we performed a cross-sectional study of all schoolchildren aged 13 and 14 years old in the city of Cartagena (Murcia, Spain). The relationship between atopic dermatitis and its severity with asthma, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis was analyzed.

Results

Quantification of risk showed that schoolchildren with atopic eczema had a 3-fold risk of allergic rhinitis (OR: 3.33; 95% CI: 2.45-4.54), a 4-fold risk of asthma (OR: 3.85; 95% CI: 2.74-5.42) and a 5-fold risk of allergic asthma (OR: 4.91; 95% CI: 3.17-7.59) compared with schoolchildren without atopic eczema. The severity of eczema was also directly related to that of asthma and rhinitis.

Key words:
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic eczema
Allergic rhinitis
Asthma
Epidemiology
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