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Vol. 61. Núm. 3.
Páginas 219-225 (septiembre 2004)
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Vol. 61. Núm. 3.
Páginas 219-225 (septiembre 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Radiografía de tórax en la bronquiolitis: ¿es siempre necesaria?
Chest radiograph in bronchiolitis: is it always necessary?
Visitas
35237
M.aL. García Garcíaa,
Autor para correspondencia
marialuzgarcia@terra.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Severo Ochoa. Avda. de Orellana, s/n. Leganés. 28911 Madrid. España.
, C. Calvo Reya, S. Quevedo Teruela, M. Martínez Pérezb, F. Sánchez Ortegab, F. Martín del Vallea, F. Verjano Sáncheza, P. Pérez-Breñac
a Servicios de Pediatría. Hospital Severo Ochoa. Leganés
b Servicios de Radiología. Hospital Severo Ochoa. Leganés
c Servicio de Virología. Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Majadahonda. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Antecedentes

La realización sistemática de una radiografía de tórax en las bronquiolitis aumenta el gasto sanitario y supone una exposición, con frecuencia innecesaria, a radiaciones ionizantes.

Objetivos

Los objetivos de este estudio han sido conocer la frecuencia de infiltrado/atelectasia en lactantes menores de 24 meses atendidos en un servicio de urgencias; comprobar si la presencia de infiltrado/atelectasia modifica la actitud terapéutica y estudiar qué variables clínicas pueden identificar a los niños con radiografía normal, con objeto de reducir exploraciones radiológicas innecesarias.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo, desde octubre de 2003 hasta abril de 2004 en lactantes menores de 24 meses atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Severo Ochoa (Madrid) con el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis. Variables registradas: edad, sexo, días de evolución, frecuencia respiratoria, temperatura, asimetría en la auscultación, saturación de oxígeno en sangre arterial (SaO2) y virus identificado. Se realizó radiografía de tórax y se evaluó la necesidad de ingreso antes y después de conocer el resultado radiológico.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 252 ninos, de los que el 50 % eran menores de 5 meses. El 14,3% (intervalo de confianza del 95 %, 10,1-18,5) presento infiltrado/atelectasia (índice K = 0,64). La fiebre igual o superior a 38 °C (p = 0,004), la SaO2 < 94% (p = 0,006) y la probabilidad de ingreso antes de conocer el resultado radiologico (p = 0,011) suponen un riesgo 2,5 veces mayor de infiltrado/atelectasia en la radiografía de tórax. No hubo diferencias entre los niños con y sin infiltrado en edad, sexo, días de evolución, frecuencia respiratoria o virus identificado. La actitud terapéutica se modificó en el 30 % de los niños con infiltrado. La probabilidad de radiografía normal es del 92 % ante temperatura inferior a 38 °C y SaO2 ≥ 94%.

Conclusiones

La radiografía de tórax en la mayoría de los niños con bronquiolitis no muestra alteraciones significativas. La fiebre igual o superior a 38 °C y la SaO2 < 94 % se asocian significativamente con infiltrado/atelectasia. En su ausencia, la mayoría de los niños tendrán una radiografía sin alteraciones.

Palabras clave:
Bronquiolitis
Lactante
Infiltrado
Atelectasia
Radiografía de tórax
Background

The routine use of chest radiograph in infants with bronchiolitis increases health costs and can often unnecessarily expose the patient to radiation.

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of infiltrate/atelectasis in infants younger than 2 years who presented to the emergency department with bronchiolitis, to assess whether patient management is changed after viewing the chest radiograph and to determine which clinical variables can accurately identify children with normal radiographs, with a view to reducing unnecessary radiological investigations.

Patients and methods

From October 2003 to December 2004, infants aged < 24 months evaluated in the emergency department of the Severo Ochoa Hospital (Madrid) with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis were included in this study. The variables registered were age, sex, time since onset, respiratory rate, temperature, asymmetry on auscultation, oxygen saturation and the virus identified. A chest radiograph was obtained and the need for admission was evaluated before and after obtaining the results.

Results

Two hundred fifty-two infants were included, of which 50 % were aged less than 5 months. Infiltrate/atelectasis was identified in 14.3 % (95% CI: 10.1-18.5; kappa coefficient: 0.64). Patients with infiltrate/atelectasis were 2.5 times more likely to have a temperature of ≥ 38 °C (p: 0.004), O2 saturation of < 94% (p: 0,006) and to be admitted before the results of chest radiograph were known. No differences were found between children with and without infiltrate in age at presentation, sex, disease duration, respiratory rate or identified virus. Patient management was modified in 30 % of patients with infiltrate/ atelectasis. Patients with a temperature of < 38° and O2 saturation of > 94% had a 92 % probability of normal chest radiograph.

Conclusions

Most infants presenting with bronchiolitis had a normal chest radiograph. Temperature ≥ 38° and O2 saturation < 94% were significantly associated with infiltrate/atelectasis. In most infants with bronchiolitis, the absence of fever and hypoxia are good predictors of normal chest radiographs.

Key words:
Bronchiolitis
Infant
Infiltrate
Atelectasis
Chest radiograph
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