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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El planteamiento de limitaci&#243;n terap&#233;utica es una opci&#243;n presente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; ante determinados casos de pacientes en situaci&#243;n cr&#237;tica y sin posibilidades de recuperaci&#243;n o con presencia de secuelas graves&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analiza cu&#225;l es la situaci&#243;n actual de esta cuesti&#243;n en Espa&#241;a a trav&#233;s de los datos recogidos a lo largo de un a&#241;o en 10 hospitales de referencia con UCI pedi&#225;trica&#46; Se incluyeron 49 pacientes&#44; 43 de los cuales sufr&#237;an enfermedades cr&#243;nicas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La causa m&#225;s frecuente de ingreso en UCI en este grupo de pacientes es la insuficiencia respiratoria seguida del postoperatorio card&#237;aco&#46; La familia aparece como elemento clave en la toma de esta decisi&#243;n a pesar de que todav&#237;a se detecta un peque&#241;o porcentaje de casos en los que el personal sanitario act&#250;a de forma paternalista&#46; La retirada o no instauraci&#243;n de determinadas medidas de soporte vital&#44; principalmente ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica y f&#225;rmacos vasoactivos&#44; as&#237; como la no realizaci&#243;n de reanimaci&#243;n cardiopulmonar&#44; son los tipos de limitaci&#243;n m&#225;s utilizados&#46; Destaca la generalizaci&#243;n del uso de sedoanalgesia como elemento necesario en el cuidado del buen morir&#46; Tras la instauraci&#243;n de las medidas de limitaci&#243;n terap&#233;utica fueron dados de alta de UCI 6 pacientes&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dada la gran variabilidad existente en el modo de tratar los casos de limitaci&#243;n terap&#233;utica&#44; aunque siempre debe analizarse cada caso en particular&#44; se sugiere la necesidad de establecer pautas de actuaci&#243;n comunes para facilitar la toma de decisiones en este sentido&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Termination of artificial life-support in critically-ill patients without chance of recovery or with severe damage is frequent in the intensive care unit &#40;UCI&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied the present situation concerning the withdrawal of life support in Spain using data collected over 10 years in referral hospitals with pediatric ICUs&#46; Forty-nine patients were included&#44; of which 43 had chronic diseases&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The most frequent causes of admission to the pediatric ICU in this type of patiens was respiratory failure followed by cardiovascular surgery&#46; The family seemed to be a key element when taking a decision although in a few cases the medical team acted paternalistically&#46; The most common ways of limiting life-support were withholding or withdrawing some treatments &#40;mainly mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs&#41; and implementing do-not-resuscitate orders&#46; Sedation and suitable pain management were widely used in terminal care&#46; After the decision to limit life-support was made&#44; six patients were discharged from the pediatric ICU&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although each case should be treated individually&#44; because of the wide variation found in the limitation of life-support&#44; we suggest the need for common guidelines that could help the decision-making process&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 57. Núm. 6.
Páginas 511-517 (diciembre 2002)
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Vol. 57. Núm. 6.
Páginas 511-517 (diciembre 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Limitación terapéutica en cuidados intensivos
End-of-life decision-making in critical care
Visitas
11187
V. Trenchs Sáinz de la Mazaa,
Autor para correspondencia
victoriatrenchs@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Gran Vía de les Corts Catalanes, 687, 3.° 1.a. 08013 Barcelona. España
, F.J. Cambra Lasaosaa,b, A. Palomeque Ricoa, J. Balcells Ramírezc, C. Seriñá Ramírezd, M.aT. Hermana Tezanose, Grupo de Trabajo en Limitación Terapéutic a
a Unidad Integrada de Pediatría. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic. Esplugues de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
b Instituto Borja de Bioética
c Hospital Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona
d Hospital Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
e Hospital de Cruces. Bilbao. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Introducción

El planteamiento de limitación terapéutica es una opción presente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) ante determinados casos de pacientes en situación crítica y sin posibilidades de recuperación o con presencia de secuelas graves.

Pacientes y métodos

Se analiza cuál es la situación actual de esta cuestión en España a través de los datos recogidos a lo largo de un año en 10 hospitales de referencia con UCI pediátrica. Se incluyeron 49 pacientes, 43 de los cuales sufrían enfermedades crónicas.

Resultados

La causa más frecuente de ingreso en UCI en este grupo de pacientes es la insuficiencia respiratoria seguida del postoperatorio cardíaco. La familia aparece como elemento clave en la toma de esta decisión a pesar de que todavía se detecta un pequeño porcentaje de casos en los que el personal sanitario actúa de forma paternalista. La retirada o no instauración de determinadas medidas de soporte vital, principalmente ventilación mecánica y fármacos vasoactivos, así como la no realización de reanimación cardiopulmonar, son los tipos de limitación más utilizados. Destaca la generalización del uso de sedoanalgesia como elemento necesario en el cuidado del buen morir. Tras la instauración de las medidas de limitación terapéutica fueron dados de alta de UCI 6 pacientes.

Conclusiones

Dada la gran variabilidad existente en el modo de tratar los casos de limitación terapéutica, aunque siempre debe analizarse cada caso en particular, se sugiere la necesidad de establecer pautas de actuación comunes para facilitar la toma de decisiones en este sentido.

Palabras clave:
Cuidados intensivos
Muerte
Limitación terapéutica
Tratamiento de soporte vital
Introduction

Termination of artificial life-support in critically-ill patients without chance of recovery or with severe damage is frequent in the intensive care unit (UCI).

Patients and methods

We studied the present situation concerning the withdrawal of life support in Spain using data collected over 10 years in referral hospitals with pediatric ICUs. Forty-nine patients were included, of which 43 had chronic diseases.

Results

The most frequent causes of admission to the pediatric ICU in this type of patiens was respiratory failure followed by cardiovascular surgery. The family seemed to be a key element when taking a decision although in a few cases the medical team acted paternalistically. The most common ways of limiting life-support were withholding or withdrawing some treatments (mainly mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs) and implementing do-not-resuscitate orders. Sedation and suitable pain management were widely used in terminal care. After the decision to limit life-support was made, six patients were discharged from the pediatric ICU.

Conclusions

Although each case should be treated individually, because of the wide variation found in the limitation of life-support, we suggest the need for common guidelines that could help the decision-making process.

Key words:
Intensive care
Death
End-of-life decision
Life-sustaining treatment
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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