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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El paciente con extrema agitaci&#243;n&#44; delirio&#44; comportamiento violento o psicosis aguda es un problema de evaluaci&#243;n frecuente en la sala de urgencias de un hospital general&#46; En cambio&#44; en los servicios de urgencias pedi&#225;tricas&#44; la tradicional infrecuencia de este tipo de cuadros puede conducir a un cierto grado de imprevisi&#243;n e ineficiencia en la atenci&#243;n inicial a estos casos&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El actual incremento conocido de la patolog&#237;a de origin psicosocial en las urgencias pedi&#225;tricas&#44; las nuevas terapias medicamentosas de los procesos psic&#243;ticos juveniles y&#44; m&#225;s en particular su incumplimiento&#44; as&#237; como la aproximaci&#243;n m&#225;s temprana de nuestros j&#243;venes al consume de sustancias adictivas&#44; cada vez m&#225;s variadas&#44; nos enfrentan a un aumento en la frecuencia y la diversidad de este tipo de crisis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento de la agitaci&#243;n&#44; agresi&#243;n y&#47;o violencia empieza con el tratamiento exitoso del episodio agudo&#44; seguido por estrategias destinadas a reducir la intensidad y frecuencia de los episodios subsiguientes&#46; La clave para la seguridad es intervenir precozmente con objeto de prevenir la progresi&#243;n de la agitaci&#243;n a agresi&#243;n y violencia&#46; Por eso&#44; las medidas urgentes&#44; destinadas a inhibir la agitaci&#243;n&#44; deben ser adoptadas sin demora por el personal que atiende primero al paciente&#44; y que suele ser en las unidades de urgencias&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes en crisis de agitaci&#243;n psicomotriz &#40;CAPM&#41; pueden requerir medidas urgentes de contenci&#243;n f&#237;sicay&#47;o qu&#237;mica&#44; para asegurar su propia integridad&#44; la seguridad de sus cuidadores sanitarios&#44; prevenir secuelas cl&#237;nicas graves y permitir su evaluaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica para determiner la etiolog&#237;a&#46; Pero los riesgos derivados de las medidas de contenci&#243;n deben conocerse y ser sopesados frente a los beneficios en cada caso&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El prop&#243;sito de este art&#237;culo es exponer la actuaci&#243;n urgente que se debe seguir ante un ni&#241;o con CAPM&#44; intentando definir las distintas situaciones etiol&#243;gicas y los criterios de elecci&#243;n de medicamentos para el control qu&#237;mico en cada una de ellas&#44; as&#237; como advertir de las complicaciones asociadas a los agentes medicamentosos que emplear y de la conveniencia&#44; por tanto&#44; de que los profesionales se familiaricen con las distintas opciones farmacol&#243;gicas&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with extreme agitation&#44; delirium&#44; violent behavior or acute psychosis are frequently evaluated in the emergency departments of general hospitals&#46; However&#44; the traditional infrequency of this type of situation in pediatric emergency services can lead to a certain lack of foresight and efficiency in the initial management of these patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Because of the current known increase of psychosocial disorders in pediatric emergencies&#44; new pharmacological treatments for juvenile psychotic processes&#44; and particularly the lack of compliance with these treatments&#44; as well as the earlier consumption of ever more varied illicit drugs among young people&#44; the frequency and diversity of this kind of disorder is on the increase&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The treatment of agitation&#44; aggression and violence begins with successful management of the acute episode&#44; followed by strategies designed to reduce the intensity and frequency of subsequent episodes&#46; The key to safety is early intervention to prevent progression from agitation to aggression and violence&#46; Consequently&#44; urgent measures designed to inhibit agitation should be adopted without delay by the staff initially dealing with the patient&#44; usually in the emergency unit&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with psychomotor agitation disorder &#40;PMAD&#41; may require emergency physical and&#47;or chemical restraints for their own safety and that of the healthcare provider in order to prevent harmful clinical sequelae and to expedite medical evaluation to determine the cause&#46; However&#44; the risks of restraint measures must be weighed against the benefits in each case&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This review aims to present the emergency measures to be taken in children with PMAD&#46; The distinct etiological situations and criteria for the choice of drugs for chemical restraint in each situation&#44; as well as the complications associated with certain drugs&#44; are discussed&#46; It is advisable&#44; therefore&#44; that health professionals become familiar with the distinct pharmacological options&#46;</p>"
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Atención al paciente agitado, violento o psicótico en urgencias: un protocolo pendiente para una patología en aumento
Management of agitated, violent or psychotic patients in the emergency department: an overdue protocol for an increasing problem
M.T. Jiménez Busseloa,
Autor para correspondencia
maite.jimenez@telefonica.net

Correspondencia: Dra. M.ª T. Jiménez Busselo. Urgencias de Pediatría. Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe. Avda. Campanar, s/n. 46009 Valencia. España.
, J. Aragó Domingoa, A. Nuño Ballesterosa, J. Loño Capoteb, G. Ochando Peralesb
a Área de Urgencias de Pediatría. Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe. Valencia. España
b Unidad de Paidopsiquiatría. Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe. Valencia. España
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        "titulo" => "Management of agitated&#44; violent or psychotic patients in the emergency department&#58; an overdue protocol for an increasing problem"
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            0 => "Agitaci&#243;n psicomotriz"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El paciente con extrema agitaci&#243;n&#44; delirio&#44; comportamiento violento o psicosis aguda es un problema de evaluaci&#243;n frecuente en la sala de urgencias de un hospital general&#46; En cambio&#44; en los servicios de urgencias pedi&#225;tricas&#44; la tradicional infrecuencia de este tipo de cuadros puede conducir a un cierto grado de imprevisi&#243;n e ineficiencia en la atenci&#243;n inicial a estos casos&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El actual incremento conocido de la patolog&#237;a de origin psicosocial en las urgencias pedi&#225;tricas&#44; las nuevas terapias medicamentosas de los procesos psic&#243;ticos juveniles y&#44; m&#225;s en particular su incumplimiento&#44; as&#237; como la aproximaci&#243;n m&#225;s temprana de nuestros j&#243;venes al consume de sustancias adictivas&#44; cada vez m&#225;s variadas&#44; nos enfrentan a un aumento en la frecuencia y la diversidad de este tipo de crisis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento de la agitaci&#243;n&#44; agresi&#243;n y&#47;o violencia empieza con el tratamiento exitoso del episodio agudo&#44; seguido por estrategias destinadas a reducir la intensidad y frecuencia de los episodios subsiguientes&#46; La clave para la seguridad es intervenir precozmente con objeto de prevenir la progresi&#243;n de la agitaci&#243;n a agresi&#243;n y violencia&#46; Por eso&#44; las medidas urgentes&#44; destinadas a inhibir la agitaci&#243;n&#44; deben ser adoptadas sin demora por el personal que atiende primero al paciente&#44; y que suele ser en las unidades de urgencias&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes en crisis de agitaci&#243;n psicomotriz &#40;CAPM&#41; pueden requerir medidas urgentes de contenci&#243;n f&#237;sicay&#47;o qu&#237;mica&#44; para asegurar su propia integridad&#44; la seguridad de sus cuidadores sanitarios&#44; prevenir secuelas cl&#237;nicas graves y permitir su evaluaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica para determiner la etiolog&#237;a&#46; Pero los riesgos derivados de las medidas de contenci&#243;n deben conocerse y ser sopesados frente a los beneficios en cada caso&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El prop&#243;sito de este art&#237;culo es exponer la actuaci&#243;n urgente que se debe seguir ante un ni&#241;o con CAPM&#44; intentando definir las distintas situaciones etiol&#243;gicas y los criterios de elecci&#243;n de medicamentos para el control qu&#237;mico en cada una de ellas&#44; as&#237; como advertir de las complicaciones asociadas a los agentes medicamentosos que emplear y de la conveniencia&#44; por tanto&#44; de que los profesionales se familiaricen con las distintas opciones farmacol&#243;gicas&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with extreme agitation&#44; delirium&#44; violent behavior or acute psychosis are frequently evaluated in the emergency departments of general hospitals&#46; However&#44; the traditional infrequency of this type of situation in pediatric emergency services can lead to a certain lack of foresight and efficiency in the initial management of these patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Because of the current known increase of psychosocial disorders in pediatric emergencies&#44; new pharmacological treatments for juvenile psychotic processes&#44; and particularly the lack of compliance with these treatments&#44; as well as the earlier consumption of ever more varied illicit drugs among young people&#44; the frequency and diversity of this kind of disorder is on the increase&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The treatment of agitation&#44; aggression and violence begins with successful management of the acute episode&#44; followed by strategies designed to reduce the intensity and frequency of subsequent episodes&#46; The key to safety is early intervention to prevent progression from agitation to aggression and violence&#46; Consequently&#44; urgent measures designed to inhibit agitation should be adopted without delay by the staff initially dealing with the patient&#44; usually in the emergency unit&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with psychomotor agitation disorder &#40;PMAD&#41; may require emergency physical and&#47;or chemical restraints for their own safety and that of the healthcare provider in order to prevent harmful clinical sequelae and to expedite medical evaluation to determine the cause&#46; However&#44; the risks of restraint measures must be weighed against the benefits in each case&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This review aims to present the emergency measures to be taken in children with PMAD&#46; The distinct etiological situations and criteria for the choice of drugs for chemical restraint in each situation&#44; as well as the complications associated with certain drugs&#44; are discussed&#46; It is advisable&#44; therefore&#44; that health professionals become familiar with the distinct pharmacological options&#46;</p>"
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