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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conocer los h&#225;bitos televisivos de los ni&#241;os de Cantabria y valorar la influencia en su salud y desarrollo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal realizado mediante la cumplimentaci&#243;n de una encuesta por parte de los padres de 796 ni&#241;os de 2 a 13 a&#241;os de edad de Cantabria&#44; en la que participaron 47 pediatras de atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Se han utilizado para el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico las pruebas de x2&#44; Mann-Whitney&#44; Kruskal-Wallis y regresi&#243;n m&#250;ltiple&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los ni&#241;os y ni&#241;as peque&#241;os &#40;2-5 a&#241;os&#41; ven una mediana de 9 h&#47;semanales de televisi&#243;n&#44; los medianos &#40;6-9 a&#241;os&#41; 12&#44;5 h&#47;semanales&#44; y los mayores &#40;10-13 a&#241;os&#41; 14&#44;6 h&#47;semana&#46; El 19 &#37; de las familias tienen tres o m&#225;s televisores en su casa&#46; La presencia de televisor&#44; ordenador o videoconsola en la habitaci&#243;n del ni&#241;o aumenta con la edad&#44; siendo de forma general de un 15&#44; 9 y 10 &#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; Las ni&#241;as mayores son las que tienen m&#225;s ordenador en su habitaci&#243;n &#40;20 &#37; frente al 9&#37; en los ni&#241;os de la misma edad&#41;&#44; al contrario de lo que ocurre con la videoconsola en la que m&#225;s ni&#241;os &#40;22 &#37;&#41; que ni&#241;as &#40;12 &#37;&#41; la tienen&#46; El 27 &#37; de los ni&#241;os ven la televisi&#243;n solos y el 29&#37; la ven mientras desayunan&#44; el 36 &#37; mientras comen y cenan&#46; El 58 &#37; de los ni&#241;os nunca come golosinas viendo la televisi&#243;n&#44; y s&#243;lo un 1&#37; las come habitualmente&#46; Los ni&#241;os obesos y los que presentan una enfermedad cr&#243;nica ven 4&#44;5 y 3 h&#47;semana m&#225;s de televisi&#243;n&#44; respectivamente&#44; que los que est&#225;n sanos&#46; Asimismo&#44; se observ&#243; un mayor consumo televisivo &#40;2&#44;85 h&#47;semana m&#225;s&#41; en los ni&#241;os con peor rendimiento escolar &#40;p&#44; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pediatras deben realizar educaci&#243;n sanitaria respecto al consumo televisivo&#44; aconsejando que &#233;ste se limite a menos de 2 h&#47;d&#237;a &#40;lo ideal menos de 1 h&#47;d&#237;a&#41;&#46; Los padres deben ver la televisi&#243;n con sus hijos&#44; comentando los programas y ense&#241;&#225;ndoles a ser cr&#237;ticos&#46; Hay que evitar la presencia de televisi&#243;n en la habitaci&#243;n de los ni&#241;os y &#233;sta no debe utilizarse como canguro&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine television-viewing habits in Cantabrian children and the influence of these habits on their health and development&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A transversal survey was carried out in the parents of 796 children aged 2-13 years old with the help of 47 primary care pediatricians&#46; The chi-square&#44; Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests as well as multiple regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Children aged 2-5 years old watched television for 9 hours&#47;week&#44; those aged 6-9 years watched 12&#46;5 hours&#47; week and those aged 10-13 years watched 14&#46;6 hours&#47;week&#46; Nineteen percent of the families had three or more televisions in their homes&#46; The presence of a television&#44; com-puter or video games in the child&#39;s room increased with age and was 15 &#37;&#44; 9&#37; and 10 &#37;&#44; respectively&#46; Girls aged 10-13 years were more likely to have computers in their rooms &#40;20 &#37; versus 9&#37; of boys of the same age&#41;&#44; while boys aged 10-13 were more likely to have video games than girls &#40;22 &#37; versus 12 &#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; Twenty-seven percent of the children watched television alone&#44; 29 &#37; watched it while having breakfast and 36&#37; while having lunch or dinner&#46; Fifty-eight percent of the children never ate sweets while watching television and only 1&#37; habitually did so&#46; Obese children and those with a chronic illness watched television more &#40;4&#46;5 and 3 hours&#47;week&#44; respectively&#41; than healthy children&#46; Children with lower school performance watched more television &#40;2&#46;85 hours&#47;week&#41; &#40;p&#44; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pediatricians should carry out health education on the number of hours children should spend in front of the television&#44; advising a limit of less than 2 hours&#47;day &#40;the ideal time would be less than 1 hour&#47;day&#41;&#46; Parents should watch television with their children&#44; discuss the programs with them and teach them to be critical&#46; The presence of television sets in children&#39;s rooms should be avoided and television should not be used as a nanny&#46;</p>"
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Hábito televisivo en los niños de Cantabria
Television viewing habits in children in cantabria (Spain)
A. Bercedo Sanza,
Autor para correspondencia
bercedoa@medi.unican.es

Correspondencia: Centro de Salud de Gama. 39790 Gama. Cantabria
, C. Redondo Figuerobb, L. Capa Garcíacc, M.A. González-Alciturri Casanueva†dd
a Centro de Salud Gama. Centro de Salud Meruelo
b Centro de Salud Vargas. Santander
c Centro de Salud Besaya. Los Corrales de Buelna
d dInstituto Social de la Marina. Santander
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conocer los h&#225;bitos televisivos de los ni&#241;os de Cantabria y valorar la influencia en su salud y desarrollo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal realizado mediante la cumplimentaci&#243;n de una encuesta por parte de los padres de 796 ni&#241;os de 2 a 13 a&#241;os de edad de Cantabria&#44; en la que participaron 47 pediatras de atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Se han utilizado para el an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico las pruebas de x2&#44; Mann-Whitney&#44; Kruskal-Wallis y regresi&#243;n m&#250;ltiple&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los ni&#241;os y ni&#241;as peque&#241;os &#40;2-5 a&#241;os&#41; ven una mediana de 9 h&#47;semanales de televisi&#243;n&#44; los medianos &#40;6-9 a&#241;os&#41; 12&#44;5 h&#47;semanales&#44; y los mayores &#40;10-13 a&#241;os&#41; 14&#44;6 h&#47;semana&#46; El 19 &#37; de las familias tienen tres o m&#225;s televisores en su casa&#46; La presencia de televisor&#44; ordenador o videoconsola en la habitaci&#243;n del ni&#241;o aumenta con la edad&#44; siendo de forma general de un 15&#44; 9 y 10 &#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; Las ni&#241;as mayores son las que tienen m&#225;s ordenador en su habitaci&#243;n &#40;20 &#37; frente al 9&#37; en los ni&#241;os de la misma edad&#41;&#44; al contrario de lo que ocurre con la videoconsola en la que m&#225;s ni&#241;os &#40;22 &#37;&#41; que ni&#241;as &#40;12 &#37;&#41; la tienen&#46; El 27 &#37; de los ni&#241;os ven la televisi&#243;n solos y el 29&#37; la ven mientras desayunan&#44; el 36 &#37; mientras comen y cenan&#46; El 58 &#37; de los ni&#241;os nunca come golosinas viendo la televisi&#243;n&#44; y s&#243;lo un 1&#37; las come habitualmente&#46; Los ni&#241;os obesos y los que presentan una enfermedad cr&#243;nica ven 4&#44;5 y 3 h&#47;semana m&#225;s de televisi&#243;n&#44; respectivamente&#44; que los que est&#225;n sanos&#46; Asimismo&#44; se observ&#243; un mayor consumo televisivo &#40;2&#44;85 h&#47;semana m&#225;s&#41; en los ni&#241;os con peor rendimiento escolar &#40;p&#44; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pediatras deben realizar educaci&#243;n sanitaria respecto al consumo televisivo&#44; aconsejando que &#233;ste se limite a menos de 2 h&#47;d&#237;a &#40;lo ideal menos de 1 h&#47;d&#237;a&#41;&#46; Los padres deben ver la televisi&#243;n con sus hijos&#44; comentando los programas y ense&#241;&#225;ndoles a ser cr&#237;ticos&#46; Hay que evitar la presencia de televisi&#243;n en la habitaci&#243;n de los ni&#241;os y &#233;sta no debe utilizarse como canguro&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine television-viewing habits in Cantabrian children and the influence of these habits on their health and development&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A transversal survey was carried out in the parents of 796 children aged 2-13 years old with the help of 47 primary care pediatricians&#46; The chi-square&#44; Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests as well as multiple regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Children aged 2-5 years old watched television for 9 hours&#47;week&#44; those aged 6-9 years watched 12&#46;5 hours&#47; week and those aged 10-13 years watched 14&#46;6 hours&#47;week&#46; Nineteen percent of the families had three or more televisions in their homes&#46; The presence of a television&#44; com-puter or video games in the child&#39;s room increased with age and was 15 &#37;&#44; 9&#37; and 10 &#37;&#44; respectively&#46; Girls aged 10-13 years were more likely to have computers in their rooms &#40;20 &#37; versus 9&#37; of boys of the same age&#41;&#44; while boys aged 10-13 were more likely to have video games than girls &#40;22 &#37; versus 12 &#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; Twenty-seven percent of the children watched television alone&#44; 29 &#37; watched it while having breakfast and 36&#37; while having lunch or dinner&#46; Fifty-eight percent of the children never ate sweets while watching television and only 1&#37; habitually did so&#46; Obese children and those with a chronic illness watched television more &#40;4&#46;5 and 3 hours&#47;week&#44; respectively&#41; than healthy children&#46; Children with lower school performance watched more television &#40;2&#46;85 hours&#47;week&#41; &#40;p&#44; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pediatricians should carry out health education on the number of hours children should spend in front of the television&#44; advising a limit of less than 2 hours&#47;day &#40;the ideal time would be less than 1 hour&#47;day&#41;&#46; Parents should watch television with their children&#44; discuss the programs with them and teach them to be critical&#46; The presence of television sets in children&#39;s rooms should be avoided and television should not be used as a nanny&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46;M&#46; Zuckerman"
                            1 => "D&#46;G&#46; Singer"
                            2 => "J&#46;F&#46; Singer"
                          ]
                        ]
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              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
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                  ]
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                        "serieFecha" => "1997"
                      ]
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              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "titulo" => "American Academy of Pediatrics &#40;Committee on Communications&#41;&#46; Media Violence"
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "949"
                        "paginaFinal" => "951"
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                      ]
                    ]
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                ]
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            ]
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              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Children&#44; adolescents&#44; and television 1989&#58; I&#46; Television violence&#58; A critique"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46;G&#46; Singer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "445"
                        "paginaFinal" => "446"
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                ]
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            ]
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              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Televisi&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "V&#46;C&#46; Strasburger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
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                        "paginaInicial" => "518"
                        "paginaFinal" => "521"
                        "serieFecha" => "1992"
                      ]
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                  ]
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            ]
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              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity&#63; Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among adolescent girls"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;N&#46; Robinson"
                            1 => "L&#46;D&#46; Hammer"
                            2 => "J&#46;D&#46; Killen"
                            3 => "H&#46;C&#46; Kraemer"
                            4 => "D&#46;M&#46; Wilson"
                            5 => "C&#46; Hayward"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "91"
                        "paginaInicial" => "273"
                        "paginaFinal" => "280"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8424000"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of Television on Metabolic Rate&#58; Potential Implications for Childhood Obesity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;C&#46; Klesges"
                            1 => "M&#46;L&#46; Shelton"
                            2 => "L&#46;M&#46; Klesges"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "91"
                        "paginaInicial" => "281"
                        "paginaFinal" => "286"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8424001"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La t&#233;l&#233;vision&#44; l&#39;enfant et le p&#233;diatre"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Royer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Fr Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "241"
                        "paginaFinal" => "246"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194441"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Actitud del pediatra de atenci&#243;n primaria en la educaci&#243;n sanitaria sobre la televisi&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Bercedo"
                            1 => "L&#46; Capa"
                            2 => "M&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Alciturri"
                            3 => "C&#46; Redondo"
                            4 => "H&#46; Paniagua"
                            5 => "S&#46; Garc&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
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                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "278"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 16954033
Idioma original: Español
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