Información de la revista
Vol. 56. Núm. 4.
Páginas 298-303 (abril 2002)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 56. Núm. 4.
Páginas 298-303 (abril 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Aspectos epidemiológicos de la hiperreactividad bronquial inducida por el ejercicio en niños de 13–14 años en Barcelona
Epidemiological features of exercise-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children aged 13–14 years old in Barcelona (Spain)
Visitas
8336
R.M.a Busquets Monge
Autor para correspondencia
13018@imas.imim.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. P° Marítimo, 25–29. 08003 Barcelona.
, O. Vall Combelles, M.A. Checa Vizcaíno, O. García Algar
Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Antecedentes

No hay datos concluyentes sobre los factores de riesgo que modifican de alguna forma la hiperreactividad bron-quial después de haber expuesto la vía respiratoria a un factor modulador, como histamina, metacolina o ejercicio. Algunos factores como la contaminación ambiental o las propias infecciones, en determinadas circunstancias, po-drían ser factores protectores más que de riesgo para desarrollar hiperreactividad bronquial.

Objetivos

Determinar la prevalencia de la hiperreactividad bronquial inducida por el ejercicio en niños de edad escolar y su asociación con diferentes factores de riesgo.

Métodos

Se estudiaron 3.033 niños de 13 a 14 años de edad. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sobre síntomas respiratorios y un total de 2.842 niños realizaron una prueba de reactividad bronquial al ejercicio. Este estudio forma parte del Estudio Internacional de Asma y Alergia en la Infancia (ISAAC).

Resultados

En 324 niños (11,4%) se observó un descenso del flujo espiratorio máximo mayor o igual al 15% después del ejercicio y 29 (9%) presentaron síntomas clínicos de asma. La hiperreactividad bronquial se asoció de manera significativa con menor edad, sexo femenino, nivel socioeconómico más alto y asistir a una escuela privada.

No se observó asociación entre hiperreactividad bronquial y obesidad, tabaco e infecciones virales.

Conclusiones

Estos hallazgos no son totalmente consistentes con otros estudios, lo que hace pensar que existen factores lo-cales medioambientales que pueden influir en la prevalencia de hiperreactividad bronquial y serían necesarios más estudios para clarificar estas contradicciones.

Palabras clave:
Hiperreactividad bronquial
Ejercicio
Asma
Prevalen-cía
ISAAC
Background

Conclusive data on the risk factors that modify bron-chial hyperresponsiveness after airway exposure to mo-dulating triggers (histamine, methacholine and exercise) are lacking. In recent years some risk factors such as air pollution or infection have been questioned and even considered protective.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsive-ness to exercise among schoolchildren and its association with different risk factors

Methods

Three thousand thirty-three schoolchildren aged 13–14 years were studied. Participants answered a questionnai-re on respiratory symptoms. A total of 2,842 children un-derwent exercise challenge testing for bronchial hype-rresponsiveness. This study was part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).

Results

A fall in peak expiratory flow rate of (15 % after exercise was found in 324 children (11.4%), of whom 29 (9%) also presented symptoms of asthma. Bronchial hyperresponsi-veness to exercise was significantly associated with lower age, female sex, high socioeconomic level and attending a private school. No association was found between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and obesity, tobacco or viral infections.

Conclusions

These findings are not completely consistent with those of other studies, suggesting that local environmental factors may influence the prevalence of bronchial hype-rresponsiveness. Further studies are required to clarify these conflicting data.

Key words:
Bronchial reactivity
Exercise
Asthma
Prevalence
ISAAC
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.M. Anto.
Methods to assess and quantify BHR (bronchial hyperresponsiveness) in epidemiological studies..
Clin Exp Allergy, 28 (1998), pp. 13-14
[2.]
H.A. Boushey, M.J. Holtzman, J.R. Sheller, J.A. Nadel.
Bronchial hyperreactivity..
Am Rev Respir Dis, 121 (1980), pp. 389-413
[3.]
J.K. Peat, B.G. Toelle, G.B. Marks, C.M. Mellis.
Continuing the debate about measuring asthma in population studies..
Thorax, 56 (2001), pp. 406-411
[4.]
S. Godfrey, C. Springer, N. Noviski, C. Maayan, A. Avital.
Exercise but not methacholine differentiates asthma from chronic lung disease in children..
Thorax, 46 (1991), pp. 488-492
[5.]
P.K. Pattemore, M.I. Asher, A.C. Harrison, E.A. Mitchell, H.H. Rea, A.W. Stewart.
The interrelationship among bronchial hyperresponsiveness, the diagnosis of asthma, and asthma symptoms..
Am Rev Respir Dis, 142 (1990), pp. 549-554
[6.]
S.D. Anderson, E. Daviskas.
The mechanism of exercise-induced asthma is..
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 106 (2000), pp. 453-459
[7.]
M. Kattan.
Epidemiologic evidence of increased airway reactivity in children with a history of bronchiolitis..
J Pediatr, 135 (1999), pp. 8-13
[8.]
T. Shirakawa, T. Enomoto, S. Shimazu, J.M. Hopkin.
The inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder..
Science, 275 (1997), pp. 77-79
[9.]
F.D. Martinez.
Role of respiratory infection in onset of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease..
Clin Exp Allergy, 29 (1999), pp. 53-58
[10.]
R.M. Busquets, J.M. Anto, J. Sunyer, N. Sancho, O. Vall.
Prevalence of asthma-related symptoms and bronchial responsiveness to exercise in children aged 13–14 years in Barcelona, Spain..
Eur Respir J, 9 (1996), pp. 2094-2098
[11.]
S. Bardagi, A. Agudo, C.A. Gonzalez, P.V. Romero.
Prevalence of exercise-induced airway narrowing in schoolchildren from a Mediterranean town..
Am Rev Respir Dis, 147 (1993), pp. 1112-1115
[12.]
R.O. Crapo, R. Casaburi, A.L. Coates, P.L. Enright, J.L. Hankinson, C.G. Irvin, et al.
Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999..
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161 (2000), pp. 309-329
[13.]
M.I. Asher, U. Keil, H.R. Anderson, R. Beasley, J. Crane, F. Martinez, et al.
International study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods..
Eur Respir J, 8 (1995), pp. 483-491
[14.]
P. Burney, S. Chinn.
Developing a new quetionnaire for measuring the prevalence and distribution of asthma..
Chest, 91 (1987), pp. 79-83
[15.]
J. Fuertes Fernández-Espinar, J. Meriz Rubio, C. Pardos Martínez, V. López Cortés, J.I. Ricarte Díez, E. González Pérez-Yarza.
Prevalencia actual de asma, alergia e hiperrespuesta bronquial en niños de 6–8 años..
An Esp Pediatr, 54 (2001), pp. 18-26
[16.]
P.N. Le Souef, M.R. Sears, D. Sherrill.
The effect of size and age of subject on airway responsiveness in children..
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152 (1995), pp. 576-579
[17.]
R.S. Tepper, J. Stevens, H. Eigen.
Heightened airway responsiveness in normal female children compared with adults..
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 149 (1994), pp. 678-681
[18.]
J. Fuertes Fernández-Espinar, J. Meriz Rubio, C. Isanta Pomar, C. Pardos Martínez, V. López Cortés, E. González Pérez-Yarza.
Factores de riesgo de asma, alergia e hiperreactividad bronquial en niños de 6–8 años..
An Esp Pediatr, 55 (2001), pp. 205-212
[19.]
C.E. Kühni, F.H. Sennhauser.
The Yentl syndrome in childhood asthma: Risk factors for undertreatment in Swiss children..
Pediatr Pulmonol, 19 (1995), pp. 156-160
[20.]
W.J. Morgan, F.D. Martinez.
Risk factors for developing wheezing and asthma in childhood..
Pediatr Clin North Am, 39 (1992), pp. 1185-1204
[21.]
L. Garcia-Marcos, J.J. Guillen, R. Dinwiddie, A. Guillen, P. Barbero.
The relative importance of socio-economic status, parental smoking and air pollution (SO2) on asthma symptoms, spirometry and bronchodilator response in 11-year-old children..
Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 10 (1999), pp. 96-100
[22.]
N. Aberg.
Birth season variation in asthma and allergic rhinitis..
Clin Exp Allergy, 19 (1989), pp. 643-648
[23.]
S. Croner, N.I. Kjellman.
Natural history of bronchial asthma in childhood. A prospective study from birth up to 12–14 years of age..
Allergy, 47 (1992), pp. 150-157
[24.]
B. Del Rio, M. Cisneros, A. Berber, G. Espinola, J. Sienra.
Exercise induced bronchospasm in asthmatic and non-asthmatic obese children..
Allergy Immunopathol, 28 (2000), pp. 5-11
[25.]
J. Lorenz.
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of asthma..
Eur Respir Rev, 6 (1996), pp. 218-223
[26.]
D. Cypcar, W.W. Busse.
Role of viral infections in asthma..
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am, 113 (1993), pp. 745-768
[27.]
J.M. Stark, W.W. Busse.
Respiratory virus infection and airway hyperreactivity in children..
Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 2 (1991), pp. 95-110
[28.]
U.S. Bjornsdottir, W.W. Busse.
Respiratory infections and asthma..
Med Clin North Am, 76 (1992), pp. 895-915
[29.]
O. Linna.
Influence of baseline lung function on exercise-induced response in childhood asthma..
Acta Paediatr Scand, 79 (1990), pp. 664-666
[30.]
L. García-Marcos, A. Martínez, J. Batlles, M. Morales, G. García.
Escribano A por el Grupo ISAAC Español fase II. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) fase II: metodología y resultados de participación en España..
An Esp Pediatr, 55 (2001), pp. 400-405
Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?