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Vol. 59. Issue 4.
Pages 385-392 (1 October 2003)
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Vol. 59. Issue 4.
Pages 385-392 (1 October 2003)
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Ventilación mecánica durante el transporte pediátrico
Mechanical ventilation during pediatric transport
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J.A. Medina Villanueva*, J.A. Concha Torre, C. Rey Galán, S. Menéndez Cuervo
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Hospital Central de Asturias. Oviedo. España
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Resumen

La mayor parte de las enfermedades graves que afectan al niño ocurren lejos de un centro asistencial adecuadamente dotado para la atención de pacientes pediátricos críticos. Una buena estabilización inicial y la existencia de un mecanismo de transporte pediátrico apropiado disminuyen de manera significativa la morbilidad y la mortalidad de estos pacientes

El desarrollo tecnológico de los últimos años ha permitido mejorar la calidad del transporte medicalizado. Esto ha afectado, entre otras muchas cosas, a la VM, con respiradores y sistemas de monitorización portátiles, que ofrecen, cada vez más, prestaciones similares a los habitualmente utilizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP)

Para evitar la aparición de complicaciones durante el traslado, es importante una adecuada planificación consistente en: a)estabilización previa del enfermo; b)valoración de peligros potenciales y de las necesidades individuales;c) monitorización;d)preparación del transporte, y e)mantenimiento de la vigilancia clínica y del tratamiento instaurado

Los respiradores portátiles están diseñados para ser utilizados durante cortos períodos de tiempo y en situaciones extremas (cambios de temperatura, altitud, lluvia, golpes, etc.). Estas premisas hacen que deban tener unas características generales comunes: manejabilidad, resistencia, operatividad, bajo consumo eléctrico y de gas, seguridad y sencillez de montaje. Por otra parte, su programación no difiere, en líneas generales, de la de un respirador convencional y debe basarse en las características fisiológicas de los niños de acuerdo con su edad y su enfermedad de base

Palabras clave:
Transporte pediátrico medicalizado
Transporte pediátrico interhospitalario
Transporte pediátrico intrahospitalario
Respiradores de transporte
Monitorización

Most severe pediatric injuries occur far from regional centres specialized in the definitive care of the criticallyill child. Adequate initial stabilization and an appropriate transport system significantly decrease morbidity and mortality in these patients

In the last few years, technological developments have improved the quality of medical transportation. Mechanical ventilation is one of the elements that has been affected by these advances with portable ventilators and monitoring systems that are increasingly similar to those used in pediatric intensive care units

To prevent complications from developing during transportation, adequate preparation is required consisting of (i) prior stabilization of the patient, (ii) assessment of potential risks and specific needs, (iii) monitoring, (iv) transport preparation, and (v) assessment of vital signs and patient management

Portable ventilators are designed to be used for short periods under difficult conditions (temperature changes, altitude, rain, knocks, etc.). Consequently they should have specific common characteristics: portability, resistance, ease of handling, low electricity and gas consumption, and safety. They should also be easy to set up. Their programming is generally similar to that of conventional ventiltors and should be based on the physiologic characteristics of the child according to age and underlying process

Keywords:
Advanced pediatric transport
Interhospital pediatric transportation
Pediatric intrahospital transport
Transport ventilators
Monitoring
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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