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Vol. 57. Issue 5.
Pages 394-400 (1 November 2002)
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Vol. 57. Issue 5.
Pages 394-400 (1 November 2002)
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Valor pronóstico de la puntuación PIM (índice pediátrico de mortalidad) y del ácido láctico en niños críticamente enfermos
Prognostic value of the pediatric index of mortality (PIM) score and lactate values in critically-ill children
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C. García Sanz, M. Rupérez Lucas, J. López-Herce Cid
Corresponding author
pielvi@eresmas.net

Correspondencia: Arzobispo Morcillo, 52, 9.° C. 28029 Madrid. España.
, D. Vigil Escribano, G. Garrido Cantarero
Sección de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Unidad de Investigación. Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Gestión de Calidad. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España
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Objetivo

Estudiar y comparar el valor pronóstico de la puntuación índice pediátrico de mortalidad (PIM) y el ácido láctico en el momento de ingreso en una unidad de cuidadosintensivos pediátricos (UCIP).

Pacientes y métodos

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 500 pacientes consecutivos, 237 niñas (47,4 %) y 263 niños (52,6 %), con una edad media de 51,5 ± 59,7 meses (límites, 3 días-18 años) ingresados en una UCIP. A su ingreso se determinó la puntuación PIM y el ácido láctico en sangre. Se estudió la capacidad predictiva de ambos parámetros en relación a la mortalidad y a la duración de ingreso en la UCIP.

Resultados

Fallecieron 36 pacientes (el 7,2 %). La probabilidad media de muerte de los pacientes fallecidos según la fórmula PIM fue de 23,6% ± 28,9, significativamente superior a la de los supervivientes 3,4% ± 7,3 (p < 0,001). El área bajo la curva ROC para el PIM fue de 0,81 ± 0,03 (intervalo de confianza al 95 % [IC 95 %], 0,74-0,89). La concentración de ácido láctico en los pacientes fallecidos fue de 4,9 ± 3,5 mmol/l, significativamente superior a la de los supervivientes, 1,9 ± 1,5 mmol/l (p < 0,001). El área bajo la curva ROC para el ácido láctico fue de 0,76 ± 0,04 (IC 95 %, 0,67-0,85), sin que existan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambas curvas ROC. En los supervivientes se encontró relación entre la puntuación PIM y la duración del ingreso, mientras que en los pacientes fallecidos existió una relación inversa entre la concentración de ácido láctico y la duración del ingreso en la UCIP.

Conclusiones

Tanto la puntuación PIM como el ácido láctico tienen un aceptable valor pronóstico al ingreso del niño críticamente en la UCIP. La capacidad predictiva de la puntuación PIM es mayor pero es más complicada de obtener, mientras que el ácido láctico es rápido y sencillo.

Palabras clave:
Pronóstico
Gravedad
Mortalidad
Cuidados intensivos pediátricos
Niños críticamente enfermos
Ácido láctico
Índice pediátrico de mortalidad
Objective

To analyze and compare the prognostic value of the pediatric index of mortality (PIM) score and lactate values on admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Patients and methods

We performed a prospective study of 500 consecutive children: 237 girls (47.4 %) and 263 boys (52.6 %) with a mean age of 51.5 ± 59.7 (range: 3 days-18 years) admitted to our PICU. PIM scores and blood lactate concentrations were determined on admission. The predictive ability of PIM and lactate concentrations in relation to mortality and length of stay in the PICU were analyzed.

Results

Thirty-six patients (7.2 %) died. According to the PIM score, the mean probability of death in children who died was 23.6% ± 28.9, which was significantly higher than that in surviving children (3.4% ± 7.3; p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for PIM was 0.81 ± 0.03 (95 % CI: 0.74-0.89). Lactate level in nonsurvivors was 4.9% ± 3.5 mmol/L, which was significantly higher than that in survivors (1.9% ± 1.5 mmol/L; p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for blood lactate was 0.76 ± 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.67-0.85). No statistically significant differences were found between either ROC curves. In survivors, a significant relationship was found between PIM score and length of stay in the PICU while in nonsurvivors an inverse relationship was found between blood lactate concentrations and length of stay.

Conclusions

Both PIM score and blood lactate concentrations on admission to the PICU have a moderate prognostic value in critically-ill children. The prognostic value of the PIM score is greater than that of blood lactate concentration but is more difficult to obtain, whereas blood lactate determinationis fast and easy.

Key words::
Prognosis
Severity
Mortality
Pediatric intensive care
Critically-ill children
Lactate
Pediatric index of mortality
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