Journal Information
Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 39-44 (1 January 2003)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 39-44 (1 January 2003)
Full text access
Tratamientos complementarios en fibrosis quística: evidencia de su beneficio terapéutico y recomendaciones sobre su uso
Complementary Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis: Evidence of Theraupatic Benefits and Treatment Recommendations
Visits
10610
A. Salcedo Posadas
Corresponding author
asalcedo@hnjs.insalud.es

Correspondencia: Jesús Aprendiz, 19, 7.° E. 28007 Madrid. España.
, R. Girón Moreno, B. Beltrán Bengoechea
Unidad de Fibrosis Quística. Hospital Infantil Universitario del Niño Jesús-Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid. España
This item has received
Article information

La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria de patrón autosómico recesivo que afecta sobre todo al aparato respiratorio. Cuando se describió la enfermedad en 1938, la mortalidad oscilaba alrededor del 70 % en el primer año de vida. La supervivencia ha ido mejorando claramente, pasando la mediana de supervivencia de 4 años hacia la década de 1960, a 19 años en la de 1970, alcanzando los 33 años en 2001, según datos de la Fundación Americana de Fibrosis Quística. Este espectacular aumento de las expectativas de vida de estos enfermos se debe, sin lugar a dudas, a los recientes avances en la asistencia con la puesta en marcha de unidades de fibrosis quística especializadas y a la utilización de nuevas modalidades terapéuticas.

El tratamiento básico y fundamental para la afectación respiratoria consiste en una nutrición adecuada, antibioticoterapia, fisioterapia respiratoria y ejercicio aeróbico. Son importantes también las medidas preventivas como evitar el tabaquismo y la vacuna antigripal. Los tratamientos dirigidos al control de los canales iónicos y las terapias proteínica y génica están en desarrollo en la actualidad.

Existe evidencia clara del beneficio terapéutico de los antibióticos en gran número de estudios realizados. También se ha demostrado la evidencia de beneficio terapéutico para la fisioterapia respiratoria, el ejercicio y la nutrición.

En este artículo se realiza una revisión sobre la evidencia científica que existe acerca del beneficio de la utilización de diferentes intervenciones terapéuticas sobre la inflamación, sobre el incremento de la viscoelasticidad del esputo y sobre la obstrucción bronquial en pacientes afectos de fibrosis quística.

Palabras clave:
Fibrosis quística
Tratamiento
DNasa Antiinflamatorios
Corticoides orales
Corticoides inhalados
Ibuprofeno
Macrólidos
Azitromicina
Broncodilatadores

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal-recessive disorder that predominantly affects the respiratory system. When this disease was described in 1938 the mortality rate was approximately 70 % in the first year of life. Survival has dramatically increased from a median of approximately 4 years in the 1960s to 19 years in the 1970s and 33 years in 2001 according to figures from the American Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. This impressive increase in the life expectancy of individuals with CF is undoubtedly related to recent advances in the organization of specialized CF units and to the use of new therapies against respiratory involvement.

The traditional basis of treatment for CF lung disease includes nutritional support, antibiotic therapy, chest physical therapy and aerobic exercise. Preventive measures such as influenza vaccination and avoidance of tobacco smoke are also useful. Several new approaches such as ion transport therapy, protein therapy and gene therapy are currently being developed.

Many studies have provided clear evidence of the therapeutic benefits of antibiotics, respiratory physiotherapy, exercise, and nutrition.

In this article we review the scientific evidence on the advantages of the use of several therapeutic interventions against inflammation, increased sputum viscoelasticity and adhesiveness, and bronchial obstruction in CF patients.

Key words:
Cystic fibrosis
Treatment DNase
Anti-inflammatory therapy
Oral corticosteroids
Inhaled corticosteroids
Ibuprofen
Macrolides
Azithromycin
Bronchodilators
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
B.W. Ramsey, S.J. Astley, M.L. Aitken, W. Burke, A.A. Colin, H.L. Dorkin, et al.
Efficacy and safety of short-term administration of aerosolized recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 148 (1993), pp. 145-151
[2.]
P.L. Shah, S.F. Scott, H.J. Fuchs, D.M. Geddes, M.E. Hodson.
Medium term treatment of stable stage cystic fibrosis with recombinant human DNase I.
Thorax, 50 (1995), pp. 333-338
[3.]
P.L. Shah, S.F. Scott, D.M. Geddes, M.E. Hodson.
Two years experience with recombinant Human DNase I in the treatment of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis.
Respir Med, 89 (1995), pp. 499-502
[4.]
H.J. Fuchs, D.S. Borowitz, D.H. Christiansen, E.M. Morris, M.L. Nash, B.W. Ramsey.
for the Pulmozyme Study Group. Effect of aerosolized recombinant human DNase on exacerbations of respiratory symptoms and on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis.
N Engl J Med, 331 (1994), pp. 637-642
[5.]
P.L. Shah, A. Bush, G.J. Canny, A.A. Colin, H.J. Fuchs, D.M. Geddes, et al.
Recombinant human DNase I in cystic fibrosis patients with severe pulmonary disease: A short term, double-blind study followed by six months open-label treatment.
Eur Resp J, 8 (1995), pp. 954-958
[6.]
K. McCoy, S. Hamilton, C. Johnson.
for the Pulmozyme Study Group. Effects of 12week administration of Dornase Alfa in patients with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease.
Chest, 110 (1996), pp. 889-895
[7.]
J.M. Quan, H.A. Tiddens, J.P. Sy, S.G. McKenzie, M.D. Montgomery, P.J. Robinson, et al.
The Pulmozyme Early Intervention Trial Study Group. A two-year randomized, placebocontrolled trial of dornase alfa in young patients with cystic fibrosis with mild lung function abnormalities.
J Pediatr, 139 (2001), pp. 813-820
[8.]
C.E. Kearney, C.E. Wallis.
Deoxyribonuclease for cystic fibrosis.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2 (2000),
[9.]
N. Cobos, I. Danes, S. Gartner, M. Gonzalez, S. Liñan, J.M. Arnau.
DNase use in the daily care of cystic fibrosis: Who benefits from it and to what extent? Results of a cohort study of 199 patients in 13 centres. DNase National Study Group.
Eur J Pediatr, 159 (2000), pp. 176-181
[10.]
P.A.B. Wark, V. Mc Donald.
Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review).
The Cochrane Library, Issue 4,
[11.]
R. Suri, C. Metcalfe, B. Lees, R. Grieve, M. Flather, C. Normand, et al.
Comparison of hypertonic saline and alternate-day or daily recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in children with cystic fibrosis: A randomized trial.
Lancet, 358 (2001), pp. 1316-1321
[12.]
H.S. Auerbach, M. Williams, J.A. Kirkpatrick, H.R. Colten.
Alternate-day prednisone reduces morbidity and improves pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis.
Lancet, 2 (1985), pp. 686-688
[13.]
H. Eigen, B.J. Rosenstein, S. FitzSimmons, D.V. Schidlow.
and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Prednisone Trial Group. A multicenter study of alternate-day prednisone therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis.
J Pediatr, 126 (1995), pp. 515-523
[14.]
P. Greally, M.J. Hussain, D. Vergani, J.F. Price.
Interleukin-1 alpha, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and IgG concentrations in cystic fibrosis treated with prednisolone.
Arch Dis Child, 71 (1994), pp. 35-39
[15.]
K. Cheng, D. Ashby, R. Smyth.
Oral steroids for cystic fibrosis.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2 (2000),
[16.]
I.M. Balfour-Lynn, N.J. Klein, R. Dinwiddie.
Randomized controlled trial of inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone propionate) in cystic fibrosis.
Arch Dis Child, 77 (1997), pp. 124-130
[17.]
W.H. Nikolaizik, M.H. Schoni.
Pilot study to assess the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis.
J Pediatr, 128 (1996), pp. 271-274
[18.]
C.M. Oermann, M.M. Sockrider, M.W. Konstan.
The use of anti-inflammatory medications in cystic fibrosis: Trends and physician attitudes.
Chest, 115 (1999), pp. 1053-1058
[19.]
M.W. Konstan, P.J. Byard, C.L. Hoppel, P.B. Davis.
Effect of high-dose ibuprofen in patients with cystic fibrosis.
N Engl J Med, 332 (1995), pp. 848-854
[20.]
M.W. Konstan, C.L. Hoppel, B.L. Chai, P.B. Davis.
Ibuprofen in children with cystic fibrosis: Pharmacokinetics and adverse effects.
J Pediatr, 118 (1991), pp. 956-964
[21.]
C.S. Scott, G.Z. Retsch-Bogart, R.P. Kustra, K.M. Graham, B.J. Glasscock, P.C. Smith.
The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen suspension, chewable tablets, and tablets in children with cystic fibrosis.
J Pediatr, 134 (1999), pp. 58-63
[22.]
C. Dezateux, A. Crighton.
Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy for cystic fibrosis.
Cochrane Database Rev, 2 (2000),
[23.]
A.S. Gaylor, J.C. Reilly.
Therapy with macrolides in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Pharmacotherapy, 22 (2002), pp. 227-239
[24.]
A. Jaffe, A. Bush.
Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides in lung disease.
Pediatr Pulmonol, 31 (2001), pp. 464-473
[25.]
J. Wolter, S. Seeney, S. Bell, S. Bowler, P. Masel, J. McCormack.
Effect of long term treatment with azithromycin on disease parameters in cystic fibrosis: A randomized trial.
Thorax, 57 (2002), pp. 212-216
[26.]
I. Sanchez.
Place des anticholinergiques dans le traitement de la mucoviscidose.
Arch Pediatrie, 2 (1995), pp. 154-158
[27.]
P.L. Brand.
Bronchodilators in cystic fibrosis.
J R Soc Med, 93 (2000), pp. 37-39
[28.]
P. Konig, J. Poehler, G.J. Barbero.
A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of the long-term effects of albuterol administration in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Pediatr Pulmonol, 25 (1998), pp. 32-36
[29.]
R. Ziebach, B. Pietsch-Breitfeld, M. Bichler, A. Busch, J. Riethmuller, M. Stern.
Bronchodilatory effects of salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, and their combination: Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in cystic fibrosis.
Pediatr Pulmonol, 31 (2001), pp. 431-435
Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Download PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?