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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 39-44 (1 January 2003)
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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 39-44 (1 January 2003)
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Tratamientos complementarios en fibrosis quística: evidencia de su beneficio terapéutico y recomendaciones sobre su uso
Complementary Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis: Evidence of Theraupatic Benefits and Treatment Recommendations
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A. Salcedo Posadas
Corresponding author
asalcedo@hnjs.insalud.es

Correspondencia: Jesús Aprendiz, 19, 7.° E. 28007 Madrid. España.
, R. Girón Moreno, B. Beltrán Bengoechea
Unidad de Fibrosis Quística. Hospital Infantil Universitario del Niño Jesús-Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid. España
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La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria de patrón autosómico recesivo que afecta sobre todo al aparato respiratorio. Cuando se describió la enfermedad en 1938, la mortalidad oscilaba alrededor del 70 % en el primer año de vida. La supervivencia ha ido mejorando claramente, pasando la mediana de supervivencia de 4 años hacia la década de 1960, a 19 años en la de 1970, alcanzando los 33 años en 2001, según datos de la Fundación Americana de Fibrosis Quística. Este espectacular aumento de las expectativas de vida de estos enfermos se debe, sin lugar a dudas, a los recientes avances en la asistencia con la puesta en marcha de unidades de fibrosis quística especializadas y a la utilización de nuevas modalidades terapéuticas.

El tratamiento básico y fundamental para la afectación respiratoria consiste en una nutrición adecuada, antibioticoterapia, fisioterapia respiratoria y ejercicio aeróbico. Son importantes también las medidas preventivas como evitar el tabaquismo y la vacuna antigripal. Los tratamientos dirigidos al control de los canales iónicos y las terapias proteínica y génica están en desarrollo en la actualidad.

Existe evidencia clara del beneficio terapéutico de los antibióticos en gran número de estudios realizados. También se ha demostrado la evidencia de beneficio terapéutico para la fisioterapia respiratoria, el ejercicio y la nutrición.

En este artículo se realiza una revisión sobre la evidencia científica que existe acerca del beneficio de la utilización de diferentes intervenciones terapéuticas sobre la inflamación, sobre el incremento de la viscoelasticidad del esputo y sobre la obstrucción bronquial en pacientes afectos de fibrosis quística.

Palabras clave:
Fibrosis quística
Tratamiento
DNasa Antiinflamatorios
Corticoides orales
Corticoides inhalados
Ibuprofeno
Macrólidos
Azitromicina
Broncodilatadores

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal-recessive disorder that predominantly affects the respiratory system. When this disease was described in 1938 the mortality rate was approximately 70 % in the first year of life. Survival has dramatically increased from a median of approximately 4 years in the 1960s to 19 years in the 1970s and 33 years in 2001 according to figures from the American Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. This impressive increase in the life expectancy of individuals with CF is undoubtedly related to recent advances in the organization of specialized CF units and to the use of new therapies against respiratory involvement.

The traditional basis of treatment for CF lung disease includes nutritional support, antibiotic therapy, chest physical therapy and aerobic exercise. Preventive measures such as influenza vaccination and avoidance of tobacco smoke are also useful. Several new approaches such as ion transport therapy, protein therapy and gene therapy are currently being developed.

Many studies have provided clear evidence of the therapeutic benefits of antibiotics, respiratory physiotherapy, exercise, and nutrition.

In this article we review the scientific evidence on the advantages of the use of several therapeutic interventions against inflammation, increased sputum viscoelasticity and adhesiveness, and bronchial obstruction in CF patients.

Key words:
Cystic fibrosis
Treatment DNase
Anti-inflammatory therapy
Oral corticosteroids
Inhaled corticosteroids
Ibuprofen
Macrolides
Azithromycin
Bronchodilators
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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