Journal Information
Vol. 61. Issue 2.
Pages 118-123 (1 August 2004)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 61. Issue 2.
Pages 118-123 (1 August 2004)
Full text access
Tratamiento con corticoides prenatales y surfactante precoz en recién nacidos de igual o menos de 30 semanas de gestación
Prenatal corticosteroid and early surfactant therapy in infants born at ≤ 30 weeks' gestation
Visits
12411
A. Valls i Solera,
Corresponding author
enadolf@eresmas.net

Correspondencia: Unidad Neonatal. Departamento Pediatría. Hospital de Cruces. Universidad del País Vasco/EHU. 48903 Baracaldo. Bilbao. España
, S. Páramo Andrésb, B. Fernández-Ruanovab
a Unidades Neonatal y de. Hospital de Cruces. Universidad del País Vasco/EHU. Baracaldo. Bilbao. España
b Unidades Epidemiología Neonatal. Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital de Cruces. Universidad del País Vasco/EHU. Baracaldo. Bilbao. España
Grupo Colaborativo Español Surfactantec
This item has received
Article information
Antecedentes

Los corticoides prenatales y el surfactante exógeno mejoran la morbimortalidad de los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso (RNMBP). Sin embargo, su eficacia en la prevención de la enfermedad pulmonar crónica (EPC) es dudosa

Objetivo

Evaluar el efecto de los corticoides prenatales en la incidencia de EPC en RNMBP de menos o igual a 30 semanas, tratados precozmente con surfactante

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio multicéntrico, longitudinal. Se exploró la base de datos del Grupo Colaborativo (n = 1.275 casos) y se seleccionaron 211 (16,5 %) RNMBP de menos o igual a 30 semanas, tratados precozmente con surfactante (< 30 min). Se evaluaron los antecedentes, manejo neonatal, tasas de mortalidad y complicaciones. Los resultados del subgrupo que recibió corticoides prenatales (157; 74,4 %) se compararon con los 54 no expuestos a corticoides prenatales

Resultados

La media (±DE) del peso y gestación fueron de 944 g (226) y 27 semanas (1,8). El surfactante se administró a los 16 ± 13 min (61% ≤ 15 min). Desarrollaron síndrome de dificultad respiratoria 124 niños (58,8 %). El peso, la edad gestacional, el test de Apgar al minuto y 5 min fueron similares, siendo la edad a la primera dosis de surfactante menor en los expuestos a corticoides prenatales. Los tratados con corticoides prenatales precisaron menos dosis de surfactante, fueron extubados antes (58,9 h frente a 161 h) y requirieron menores fracciones inspiratorias de oxígeno a las 48 h. Además, presentaron menor tasa de mortalidad (15,9 % frente a 27,8 %), hemorragia intraventricular (25,2 % frente a 50 %), ductus arterioso (40,3 % frente a 63,5 %) y enterocolitis necrosante (9 % frente a 19,2 %). Sin embargo, la tasa de EPC fue similar en ambos subgrupos

Conclusiones

La exposición a corticoides prenatales en RNMBP de menos o igual a 30 semanas tratados con surfactante precoz, disminuyó las tasas de mortalidad y de ciertas complicaciones, pero no la incidencia de EPC

Palabras clave:
Muy bajo peso natal
Síndrome de la dificultad respiratoria
Corticoides prenatales
Surfactante exógeno
Enfermedad pulmonar crónica
Background

Prenatal corticosteroid (PNC) exposure and postnatal surfactant therapy improve outcome in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). However, the efficacy of PNC in the prevention of chronic lung disease is debated

Objective

To study the effects of PNC exposure on outcome in VLBWI born at ≤ 30 weeks' gestation

Patients and methods

We performed a multicenter, longitudinal study. The Spanish Surfactant Group database (n = 1,275) was searched and 211 VLBWI born at ≤ 30 weeks who received early surfactant therapy (≤ 30 min) were identified. Perinatal events, neonatal management and rates of mortality and complications were evaluated. Data on the subgroup of infants who received PNC (157, 74.4%) were compared with data on 54 infants who did not receive this therapy

Results

Mean (± SD) birth weight and gestational age were 944 (226) g and 27 (1.8) weeks. Surfactant was given at 16 ± 13 min (61% ≤ 15 min). A total of 124 infants (58.8 %) developed respiratory distress syndrome. No differences were found in birth weight, gestational age, or Apgar score at 1 and 5 min. However the age at first surfactant dose was lower in infants exposed to PNC. PNC-exposed infants required fewer doses of surfactant, were extubated earlier (58.9 vs. 161 h) and needed a lower FiO2 at 48 h (0.28 vs. 0.35). Moreover, neonatal mortality (15.9 vs. 27.8 %), the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (25.2 vs. 50 %), ductus arteriosus (40.3 vs. 63.5 %) and necrotizing enterocolitis (9 vs. 19.2 %) were lower in infants receiving PNC. However, the incidence of chronic lung disease was similar in both groups

Conclusions

PNC exposure of VLBWI born at ≤ 30 weeks receiving early surfactant therapy reduced mortality and the incidence of certain complications but did not decrease the incidence of chronic lung disease

Key words:
Very low birth weight infants
Respiratory distress syndrome
Prenatal corticosteroids
Surfactant therapy
Chronic lung disease
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
M.E. Avery, J. Meade.
Surface properties in relation to atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease.
Am J Dis Child, 97 (1959), pp. 517-523
[2.]
G.C. Liggins, R.N. Howie.
A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.
Pediatrics, 50 (1972), pp. 515-525
[3.]
P. Crowley, I. Chalmers, M.J. Keirse.
The effects of corticosteroid administration before preterm delivery: An overview of the evidence from controlled trials.
Brit J Obstet Gynecol, 97 (1990), pp. 11-25
[4.]
INH Consensus Developmental Panel on the effect of corticosteroid for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes.
Jama, 273 (1996), pp. 413-418
[5.]
G.H.A. Visser, M.M. Anceschi.
Guidelines on antepartum corticosteroids.
Prenat Neonat Med, 6 (2001), pp. 78-80
[6.]
L.J. Van Marten, E.N. Allered, A. Levinton, M. Pagano, R. Parad, M. Moore.
and the Neonatology Committee for The Development Epidemiology Network. Antenatal glucocorticoids does not reduce chronic lung disease among surviving preterm infants.
J Pediatr, 138 (2001), pp. 198-204
[7.]
J. Figueras, X. Carbonell, X. Krauel.
Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment increases the rate of "survival without chronic lung disease" among 25-to 29- week preterm infants.
J Pediatr, 140 (2002), pp. 486-487
[8.]
T. Fujiwara, S. Chida, Y.J. Watabe, H. Meata, T. Morita, T. Abe.
Artificial surfactant therapy.
Lancet, 1 (1980), pp. 5-9
[9.]
P.B. Colditz, D.J. Henderson-Smart.
Surfactant replacement therapy.
J Paediatr Child Health, 28 (1992), pp. 210-216
[10.]
M.J. Kresch, M.C. Jonathan.
Meta-analyses of surfactant replacement therapy of infants with birth weights less than 2000 grams.
J Perinatol, 18 (1998), pp. 276-283
[11.]
Collaborative European Multicenter Study Group.
Surfactant replacement therapy for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: An international randomized clinical trial.
Paediatrics, 82 (1988), pp. 683-689
[12.]
J. Egberts, R. Brand, H. Walti, G. Bevilaqua, G. Brerart, F. Gardini.
Mortality, severe respiratory distress syndrome and chronic lung disease of the newborn are reduced more after prophylactic than therapeutic administration of surfactant Curosurf.
Pediatrics, 100 (1997), pp. E1/E4
[13.]
R.F. Soll, C.J. Moley.
[14.]
A. Valls i Soler, B. Fernández-Ruanova, J. López-Heredia y Goya, L. Román Etxebarría, J. Rodríguez-Soriano.
Carretero V and the Spanish Surfactant Collaborative Group. A randomized comparison of surfactant dosing via a dual-lumen endotracheal tube in respiratory distress syndrome.
Pediatrics, 101 (1998), pp. E1/E5
[15.]
G. Bevilaqua, R. Goelz, H. Halliday.
Guidelines on surfactant treatment.
Prenat Neonat Med, 6 (2001), pp. 84-88
[16.]
A. Valls i Soler, S. Páramo Andrés, B. Fernández-Ruanova, F. Morcillo Sopena, F.J. Monleón Alegre, V. Carretero Díaz, et al.
por el Grupo Colaborativo Español EURAIL. Proyecto EURAIL. Estrategias de prevención y tratamiento contra la inmadurez pulmonar en España.
An Pediatr (Barc), 58 (2003), pp. 45-51
[17.]
L.J. Van Marter, A. Leviton, K.C.K. Kuban, M. Pagano, E. Alfred.
Maternal glucocorticoids therapy and reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Pediatrics, 86 (1990), pp. 331-336
[18.]
E. Bancalari, T. Del Moral.
Bronchopulmonary displasia and surfactant.
Biol Neonate, 80 (2001), pp. 7-13
[19.]
National Institute of Health Consensus Developmental Panel.
Antenatal corticosteroids revised. Repeated courses. INH Consensus Developmental Conference Statement.
Obstet Gynecol, 98 (2001), pp. 144-150
[20.]
B.A. Banks, A. Cnaan, M.A. Morgan, J.T. Parer, J.D. Merril, P.L. Ballard, et al.
Multiple courses of prenatal corticosteroids and outcome of premature neonates.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 181 (1999), pp. 709-717
[21.]
A. Pellicer Martínez, F. Cabañas González.
El feto, el recién nacido y los corticoides.
An Pediatr (Barc), 59 (2003), pp. 1-5
[22.]
A.H. Jobe, B.R. Mitchel, J.H. Gunkel.
Beneficial effects of combine use of prenatal corticosteroids and postnatal surfactant on preterm infants.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 168 (1993), pp. 508-513
[23.]
A. Niklasson, E. Engström, A.L. Hard, K. Albertsson, A. Wikland, A. Hellström.
Growth in very preterm children: A longitudinal study.
[24.]
K.L. Watterberg, J.S. Gerders, K.L. Cook.
Impaired glucocorticoids synthesis in premature infants developing chronic lung disease.
Pediatr Res, 50 (2001), pp. 190-195
[25.]
K.L. Watterberg, J.S. Gerders, K.L. Gifford, H.M. Lin.
Prophylaxis against early adrenal insufficiency to prevent lung disease in premature infants.
Pediatrics, 104 (1999), pp. 1258-1263
[26.]
A. Jobe.
The new BPD: An arrest of lung development.
Pediatr Res, 46 (1999), pp. 641-643
[27.]
M.A. Rojas, A. González, E. Bancalari, N. Claure, C. Poole, G. Silva- Nero.
Changing trends in the epidemiology and patogenesis of neonatal chronic lung disease.
J Pediatr, 126 (1995), pp. 605-610
[28.]
K.L. Watterberg, L.M. Demers, S.M. Scott, S. Murphy.
Chorioamnionitis and early lung inflammation in infants whom bronchopulmonary dysplasia develops.
Pediatrics, 97 (1996), pp. 210-215
[29.]
C. Speer.
New insights into the patogenesis of pulmonary inflammation in preterm infants.
Biol Neonate, 79 (2000), pp. 205-209
[30.]
American Thoracic Society Documents.
Statement on the care of the child with chronic lung disease of infancy and childhood.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 168 (2003), pp. 356-396
Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Download PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?