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Vol. 54. Issue 2.
Pages 114-119 (1 February 2001)
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Vol. 54. Issue 2.
Pages 114-119 (1 February 2001)
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Tabaquismo en adolescentes, valores de cotinina en saliva y enfermedad respiratoria
Smoking in adolescents, saliva cotinine concentrations and respiratory disease
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8946
R.G. Suárez López de Vergaraa,
Corresponding author
jmdorta@arquired.es

Correspondencia: Dra. R.G. Suárez López de Vergara. Urbanización Guajara Delta, 55. 38205 La Laguna. Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
, C. Galván Fernándeza, C. Oliva Fernándezb, E. Doménech Martínezc, F. Barroso Guerreroc
a Centros de Salud Finca España y Laguna-Geneto. La Laguna
b Hospital de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria. Santa Cruz de Tenerife
c Facultad de Medicina de La Laguna. Tenerife
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Objetivo

Determinar la cotinina en saliva en adolescentes y su relación con el hábito de fumar y la enfermedad respiratoria.

Pacientes y métodos

Se estudiaron 420 adolescentes, de ambos sexos, con edades entre 14 y 21 años (media, 16,4 ± 1,32) de colegios públicos y privados de Tenerife. El 54,7 % eran varones y el 45,3 %, mujeres. Se trata de una encuesta individualizada, según modelo de la American Thoracic Society y determinación de cotinina en saliva (RIA). Según el hábito tabáquico los adolescentes estaban distribuidos de la siguiente forma: 26,5 %, fumadores habituales; 11 %, fumadores esporádicos; 3,6 %, ex fumadores; 45,6%, fumadores pasivos, y 13,4 %, no expuestos al humo del tabaco.

Resultados

La media de cotinina en saliva en los fumadores habituales fue 225,4 ± 167,4 ng/ml; en los fumadores esporádicos, 19,5 ± 44,9 ng/ml; en ex fumadores, 17,4 ± 51,1 ng/ml; en fumadores pasivos, 4,2 ± 15,0 ng/ml, y en los no expuestos, 2,2 ± 5,8 ng/ml. Se encontró relación entre los valores de cotinina en saliva y el hábito tabáquico (p = 0,0001).

La media de cotinina en los fumadores de menos de 10 cigarrillos al día fue de 142,7 ± 131,5 ng/ml y en los de más de 10 cigarrillos al día de 340,1 ± 144,9 ng/ml, (p = 0,0001). Asimismo, se encontró significación entre los valores de cotinina y el número de cigarrillos fumados habitualmente y en las últimas 24 horas antes de la obtención de la muestra (p = 0,0001).

Se observó mayor número de infecciones de vías bajas de repetición (p = 0,0001), tos crónica (p = 0,0001) y broncospasmo al ejercicio (p = 0,0001), en los adolescentes con mayores valores de cotinina.

Conclusiones

La cotinina en saliva se eleva con el mayor grado de consumo y de exposición al tabaco. Los adolescentes con infecciones de vías respiratoria bajas de repetición, tos crónica y broncospasmo al ejercicio, presentan concentraciones superiores de cotinina en saliva.

Palabras clave:
Adolescencia
Hábito tabáquico
Cotinina en saliva
Enfermedad respiratoria
Objective

To assess cotinine levels in the saliva of adolescents and the relationship between these levels, smoking habits and respiratory disease.

Patients and method

We studied 420 adolescents (54.7 % boys and 45.3% girls) aged between 14 and 21 years (mean age, 16.4 ± 1.32), from state and private schools in Tenerife. An individualized survey, based on the American Thoracic Society's model, was carried out and saliva cotinine concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay.

Results

Distribution according to smoking habits was as follows: 26.5 % were regular smokers, 11 % were sporadic smokers, 3.6% were former smokers, 45.6% were passive smokers, and 13.4% were not exposed to smoking. Mean cotinine levels were 225.4 ng/ml in regular smokers, 19.5 ng/ml in sporadic smokers, 17.4 ng/ml in former smokers, 4.2 ng/ml in passive smokers and 2.2 ng/ml in individuals not exposed to tobacco smoke, which de-monstrated the correlation between saliva cotinine concentrations and smoking habits (p = 0.0001). The cotinine level in smokers of < 10 cigarettes/day was 142,7 ng/ml and in smokers of > 10 cigarettes/day it was 341,1 ng/ml (p = 0.0001). A significant correlation was also found between cotinine concentrations and the number of cigarettes smoked regularly and in the last 24 hours before sample collection (p = 0.0001). Lower respiratory tract infection (p = 0.0001), chronic cough (p = 0.0001) and bronchospasm on physical exercise (p = 0.0001) were more frequent in adolescents with higher cotinine concentrations.

Conclusion

Higher saliva cotinine concentrations were correlated with greater tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke. Adolescents with lower respiratory tract infections, chronic cough and bronchospasm on physical exercise had higher saliva cotinine concentrations.

Key words:
Adolescence
Smoking habits
Saliva cotinine concentrations
Respiratory disease
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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