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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 530-536 (1 June 2004)
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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 530-536 (1 June 2004)
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Síndrome de Williams-Beuren: presentación de 82 casos
Williams-beuren syndrome. presentation of 82 cases
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I. Pascual-Castroviejoa,
Corresponding author
pascas@inves.es

Correspondencia: Orense, 14, 10.° E. 28020 Madrid. España
, S.I. Pascual-Pascuala, F. Moreno Granadob, L. García-Gueretab, R. Gracia-Bouthelierc, M. Navarro Torresd, A. Delicado Navarroe, D. López-Pajarese, R. Palencia Luacesf
a Servicios de Neurología Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid
b Servicios de Cardiología Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid
c Servicios de Endocrinología Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid
d Servicios de Nefrología Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid
e Servicios de Genética. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid
f Unidad de Neurología Pediátrica. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valladolid. España
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Objetivo

Revisión retrospectiva de una serie de 82 casos de síndrome de Williams-Beuren y los trastornos asociados

Material y métodos

Cohorte de 82 pacientes, 47 varones y 35 mujeres, que consultaron en hospital por retraso psicomotor y/o por cardiopatía congénita. Se estudiaron principalmente desde el punto de vista neurológico y cardiológico y, en segundo lugar, endocrinológico y nefrológico. Desde que se describió la alteración cromosómica que provoca el cuadro, se practica el cariotipo a todos los casos sospechosos de síndrome de Williams-Beuren

Resultados

Las alteraciones principales consistieron en: facies peculiar (100 %); retraso psíquico con actitud amistosa (90 %); cardiopatía congénita (85,4 %), siendo las estenosis aórtica supravalvular, aislada (60 %) o asociada a estenosis pulmonar (12 %), la malformación más frecuente (72 %); trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (SDAHA), que se apreciaba en la mayoría de los casos, varones y mujeres, a partir de los 5–6 años; iniciación de la marcha y del lenguaje tardíos en aproximadamente el 90 %. El peso al nacer estaba por debajo de los 3.000 g en el 65 % de los casos en que este dato era consignado en las historias clínicas. Once de nuestros 13 casos estudiados (84,5 %) mostraron la deleción del síndrome de Williams- Beuren

Conclusión

Los pacientes con este síndrome deben ser estudiados multidisciplinarmente. La mayoría de ellos precisan ayuda en su escolaridad y encauzamiento profesional posterior

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de Williams-Beuren
Cardiopatía congénita
Encefalopatía
Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad
Objective

We performed a retrospective review of a series of 82 cases of Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) and associated diseases

Material and methods

A series of 82 patients (47 males and 35 females) who consulted at the hospital because of mental retardation and/or congenital cardiopathy were included. The patients were studied mainly from a neurological and cardiological point of view, and secondarily because of endocrinological and nephrological problems. Since description of the chromosomal abnormalities provoking the syndrome, we perform karyotyping in all patients with suspected WBS

Results

Alterations mainly consisted of distinctive facial appearance (100 %), mental retardation with friendly behavior (90 %), congenital cardiopathy (85.4 %), mostly consisting of supravalvular aortic stenosis (72 %), with (12%) or without (60 %) pulmonary stenosis, and behavior typical of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, which usually manifested at the age of 4 to 5 years in both boys and girls. Approximately 90 % started to walk and speak later than average. Birthweight was below 3000 g in 65 % of the patients in whom this datum was included in the medical record. Eleven of the 13 patients (84.5%) studied showed the typical deletion of WBS

Conclusion

Study of patients with WBS should be multidisciplinary. Most patients require help during schooling and subsequent vocational guidance

Key words:
Williams-Beuren syndrome
Congenital cardiopathy
Encephalopathy
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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