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Vol. 61. Issue 6.
Pages 546-550 (1 December 2004)
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Vol. 61. Issue 6.
Pages 546-550 (1 December 2004)
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Síndrome mieloproliferativo transitorio neonatal en ausencia de síndrome de Down
Transient neonatal myeloproliferative disorder in the absence of down syndrome
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P. Bastida Vilá
Corresponding author
pbastida@vhebron.net

Correspondencia: Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron. P.° Vall d'He bron, 119–129. 08035 Barcelona. España
, T. Olivé Oliveras, C. Díaz de Heredia Rubio, J.J. Ortega Aramburu
Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. España
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El síndrome mieloproliferativo transitorio o leucemia transitoria neonatal es una entidad que suele asociarse a pacientes afectados de síndrome de Down. Se resuelve de manera espontánea en 4 o 5 meses, salvo en el 25% de los casos en que puede desarrollarse posteriormente una leucemia megacarioblástica aguda, o bien un síndrome mielodisplásico. Rara vez se ha descrito sin anomalías constitucionales y aún menos en gemelos. Se presentan 3 pacientes, fenotípicamente normales, afectados por esta enfermedad. Uno de ellos fue diagnosticado por presentar un síndrome de “blueberry muffin baby”. El estudio anatomopatológico de las lesiones cutáneas orientó el diagnóstico. Los otros eran dos trillizas monocoriales. Su hermana bicorial con las dos anteriores no presentó alteraciones hematológicas. En todos se descartó la cromosomopatía constitucional. Sólo recibieron tratamiento de soporte sin quimioterapia. La evolución fue favorable, desapareciendo la blastosis medular y periférica en 4 o 5meses. Con un período de seguimiento de 18 y 19 meses no han presentado nueva patología hematológica. Se debe ser cauto antes de iniciar la quimioterapia en estos pacientes. Se comenta el diagnóstico diferencial con la leucemia congénita y las implicaciones pronósticas y terapéuticas que conlleva.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome mieloproliferativo transitorio neonatal
Leucemia transitoria neonatal
Leucemia congénita
Síndrome de “blueberry muffin baby”
Síndrome de Down

Transient neonatal leukemia or transient neonatal myeloproliferative disorder is commonly associated with Down syndrome. It usually resolves spontaneously in 4–5 months. However, 25% of patients will subsequently develop acute megakaryoblastic leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. It has seldom been described without constitutional anomalies and is even less frequent in twins. We present three phenotypically normal patients with this disorder. One of them was diagnosed because he presented blueberry muffin syndrome. Diagnosis was guided by pathological examination of the skin lesions. The other two patients were monochorionic triplets. Their bichorionic sister presented no hematological disorders. Constitutional chromosomal abnormalities were ruled out in all three patients. They received support treatment only without chemotherapy. The clinical course was favorable with disappearance of marrow and peripheral blastosis in 4–5 months. Follow-up of 18 and 19 months has not revealed any hematological disorders. Caution must be exercised before initiating chemotherapy in these patients. We discuss the differential diagnosis with congenital leukemia and the prognostic and therapeutic implications that this entails.

Key words:
Transient neonatal myeloproliferative disorder
Transient neonatal leukemia
Congenital leukemia
Blueberry muffin syndrome
Down syndrome
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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