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Vol. 53. Issue 5.
Pages 405-411 (1 November 2000)
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Vol. 53. Issue 5.
Pages 405-411 (1 November 2000)
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Rentabilidad de la baciloscopia y el cultivo en muestras de jugo gástrico para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis
Effectiveness of smears and cultures in gastric aspirate samples in the diagnosis of tuberculosis
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D. Gómez-Pastrana Durána,
Corresponding author
pastrana@nexo.es

Correspondencia: Dr. D. Gómez-Pastrana Durán. Avda. de Sudámerica, 7, 5.° A. Urbanización Los Cedros. 11407 Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz).
, R. Torronteras Santiagob, P. Caro Mateoc, A.M. López-Barrioc, P. Macías Mardonesd, A. Andrés Martína, M. Pineda Mantecona, J. Navarro Gonzáleza
a Sección de Neumología Pediátrica
b Servicios de Microbiología
c Radiología
d Infectología Pediátrica. Hospital Infantil Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
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Resumen
Objetivo

Valorar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la baciloscopia y el cultivo en muestras de jugo gástrico en la tuberculosis pulmonar infantil y analizar la relación existente con parámetros clínicos, radiológicos y epidemiológicos de niños con tuberculosis.

Material y métodos

Estudio prospectivo, controlado y ciego de 421 muestras de aspirado gástrico procedentes de 139 niños remitidos por sospecha de tuberculosis. Los niños se clasificaron atendiendo a factores clinicorradiológicos, sin tener en cuenta los resultados microbiológicos y realizando un seguimiento prolongado de los pacientes para confirmar el diagnóstico clínico.

Resultados

La baciloscopia fue positiva en 6 de los 46 niños con tuberculosis activa (sensibilidad, 13%) y en 3 de los 93 niños de los grupos de control (especificidad, 96,8%). El cultivo fue positivo en 15 pacientes con tuberculosis activa (sensibilidad, 32,6%), y su rendimiento fue mayor cuando el parénquima pulmonar estaba afectado en la radiografía de tórax. Mycobacterium tuberculosis también se aisló en 2 niños con infección tuberculosa sin enfermedad aparente y en uno de ellos se realizó tomografía computarizada (TC) que mostró adenopatías mediastínicas que no eran visibles en la radiografía de tórax. El tiempo medio de crecimiento de los cultivos positivos fue de 42 días.

Conclusiones

La baciloscopia y el cultivo tienen baja sensibilidad en muestras de aspirado gástrico de niños con tuberculosis pulmonar. El resultado del cultivo requiere varias semanas y la baciloscopia puede presentar falsos positivos. Algunos niños con infección tuberculosa sin enfermedad aparente presentan actividad microbiológica que puede ser secundaria a adenopatías mediastínicas no visibles en la radiografía de tórax.

Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis
Niños
Diagnóstico
Cultivo
Baciloscopia
Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of smears and cultures in gastric juice samples in the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess the relationship between clinical, radiological and epidemiological parameters in children with tuberculosis.

Methods

Blind, prospective, controlled study of 421 gastric aspirate samples from 139 children referred because of suspected tuberculosis. Children were classified according to clinico-radiological factors, irrespective of microbiological results. To verify the clinical diagnosis an extended follow- up was carried out.

Results

Smears were positive in 6 of the 46 children with active tuberculosis (sensitivity: 13%) and in 3 of the 93 children in the control groups (specificity: 96.8%). Cultures were positive in 15 children with active disease (sensitivity: 32.6%) and effectiveness was greater when the chest radiograph showed parenchymal involvement. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was also isolated in two children with tuberculous infection who showed no apparent signs of the disease and in one of these children, CT-scan revealed mediastinal adenopathies which were not evident on the chest radiograph. Mean growth time for positive cultures was 42 days.

Conclusion

The sensitivity of smears and cultures in gastric aspirate samples of children with pulmonary tuberculosis is low. Results of culture take several weeks and smears can give false positive results. Some children with tuberculous infection without apparent signs of the disease show microbiological activity that can be caused by mediastinal adenopathies that are not evident on chest radiographs.

Key words:
Tuberculosis
Children
Diagnosis
Culture
Smears
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