Journal Information
Vol. 61. Issue 3.
Pages 219-225 (1 September 2004)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 61. Issue 3.
Pages 219-225 (1 September 2004)
Full text access
Radiografía de tórax en la bronquiolitis: ¿es siempre necesaria?
Chest radiograph in bronchiolitis: is it always necessary?
Visits
34813
M.aL. García Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
marialuzgarcia@terra.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Severo Ochoa. Avda. de Orellana, s/n. Leganés. 28911 Madrid. España.
, C. Calvo Reya, S. Quevedo Teruela, M. Martínez Pérezb, F. Sánchez Ortegab, F. Martín del Vallea, F. Verjano Sáncheza, P. Pérez-Breñac
a Servicios de Pediatría. Hospital Severo Ochoa. Leganés
b Servicios de Radiología. Hospital Severo Ochoa. Leganés
c Servicio de Virología. Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Majadahonda. Madrid. España
This item has received
Article information
Antecedentes

La realización sistemática de una radiografía de tórax en las bronquiolitis aumenta el gasto sanitario y supone una exposición, con frecuencia innecesaria, a radiaciones ionizantes.

Objetivos

Los objetivos de este estudio han sido conocer la frecuencia de infiltrado/atelectasia en lactantes menores de 24 meses atendidos en un servicio de urgencias; comprobar si la presencia de infiltrado/atelectasia modifica la actitud terapéutica y estudiar qué variables clínicas pueden identificar a los niños con radiografía normal, con objeto de reducir exploraciones radiológicas innecesarias.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo, desde octubre de 2003 hasta abril de 2004 en lactantes menores de 24 meses atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Severo Ochoa (Madrid) con el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis. Variables registradas: edad, sexo, días de evolución, frecuencia respiratoria, temperatura, asimetría en la auscultación, saturación de oxígeno en sangre arterial (SaO2) y virus identificado. Se realizó radiografía de tórax y se evaluó la necesidad de ingreso antes y después de conocer el resultado radiológico.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 252 ninos, de los que el 50 % eran menores de 5 meses. El 14,3% (intervalo de confianza del 95 %, 10,1-18,5) presento infiltrado/atelectasia (índice K = 0,64). La fiebre igual o superior a 38 °C (p = 0,004), la SaO2 < 94% (p = 0,006) y la probabilidad de ingreso antes de conocer el resultado radiologico (p = 0,011) suponen un riesgo 2,5 veces mayor de infiltrado/atelectasia en la radiografía de tórax. No hubo diferencias entre los niños con y sin infiltrado en edad, sexo, días de evolución, frecuencia respiratoria o virus identificado. La actitud terapéutica se modificó en el 30 % de los niños con infiltrado. La probabilidad de radiografía normal es del 92 % ante temperatura inferior a 38 °C y SaO2 ≥ 94%.

Conclusiones

La radiografía de tórax en la mayoría de los niños con bronquiolitis no muestra alteraciones significativas. La fiebre igual o superior a 38 °C y la SaO2 < 94 % se asocian significativamente con infiltrado/atelectasia. En su ausencia, la mayoría de los niños tendrán una radiografía sin alteraciones.

Palabras clave:
Bronquiolitis
Lactante
Infiltrado
Atelectasia
Radiografía de tórax
Background

The routine use of chest radiograph in infants with bronchiolitis increases health costs and can often unnecessarily expose the patient to radiation.

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of infiltrate/atelectasis in infants younger than 2 years who presented to the emergency department with bronchiolitis, to assess whether patient management is changed after viewing the chest radiograph and to determine which clinical variables can accurately identify children with normal radiographs, with a view to reducing unnecessary radiological investigations.

Patients and methods

From October 2003 to December 2004, infants aged < 24 months evaluated in the emergency department of the Severo Ochoa Hospital (Madrid) with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis were included in this study. The variables registered were age, sex, time since onset, respiratory rate, temperature, asymmetry on auscultation, oxygen saturation and the virus identified. A chest radiograph was obtained and the need for admission was evaluated before and after obtaining the results.

Results

Two hundred fifty-two infants were included, of which 50 % were aged less than 5 months. Infiltrate/atelectasis was identified in 14.3 % (95% CI: 10.1-18.5; kappa coefficient: 0.64). Patients with infiltrate/atelectasis were 2.5 times more likely to have a temperature of ≥ 38 °C (p: 0.004), O2 saturation of < 94% (p: 0,006) and to be admitted before the results of chest radiograph were known. No differences were found between children with and without infiltrate in age at presentation, sex, disease duration, respiratory rate or identified virus. Patient management was modified in 30 % of patients with infiltrate/ atelectasis. Patients with a temperature of < 38° and O2 saturation of > 94% had a 92 % probability of normal chest radiograph.

Conclusions

Most infants presenting with bronchiolitis had a normal chest radiograph. Temperature ≥ 38° and O2 saturation < 94% were significantly associated with infiltrate/atelectasis. In most infants with bronchiolitis, the absence of fever and hypoxia are good predictors of normal chest radiographs.

Key words:
Bronchiolitis
Infant
Infiltrate
Atelectasis
Chest radiograph
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
D. Vicente, M. Montes, G. Cilla, E.G. Pérez-Yarza, E. Pérez-Trallero.
Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus in the paediatric population in Spain.
Epidemiol Infect, 131 (2003), pp. 867-872
[2.]
W.P. Glezen, L.H. Taber, A.L. Frank, J.A. Kasel.
Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus.
AJDC, 140 (1986), pp. 543-546
[3.]
R.M. Sly.
Asthma.
Nelson textbook of pediatrics, 15th ed, pp. 787-802
[4.]
G.H. Swingler, G.D. Hussey, M. Zwarenstein.
Randomized controlled trial of clinical outcome after chest radiograph in ambulatory acute lower-respiratory infection in children.
[5.]
M. Farah, L. Padgett, D. McLario, K. Sullivan, H. Simon.
First-time wheezing in infants during respiratory syncytial virus season: chest radiograph findings.
Pediatr Emerg Care, 18 (2002), pp. 333-336
[6.]
E.M. Mahabee-Gittens, M.D. Dowd, J.A. Beck, S.Z. Smith.
Chest radiographs in the pediatric emergency department for children ≤ 18 months of age with wheezing.
Clin Pediatr (Phila), 38 (1999), pp. 395-399
[7.]
M. Kneyber, K. Moons, R. De Groot, H. Moll.
Predictors of a normal chest-X ray in respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Pediatric Pulmonol, 31 (2001), pp. 277-283
[8.]
E.M. Mahabee-Gittens, M. Dowd, J.A. Beck, S.Z. Smith.
Clinical factors associated with focal infiltrates in wheezing infants and toddlers.
Clin Pediatr (Phila), 39 (2000), pp. 387-393
[9.]
C. Walsh-Kelly, H. Hennes.
Do clinical variables predict pathologic radiographs in the first episode of wheezing?.
Pediatr Emerg Care, 18 (2002), pp. 8-11
[10.]
M. Roback, D. Dreitlein.
Chest radiograph in the evaluation of first time wheezing episodes: Review of current clinical practice and efficacy.
Pediatr Emerg Care, 14 (1998), pp. 181-184
[11.]
C.M. Walsh-Kelly, M.K. Kim, H.M. Hennes.
Chest radiography in the initial episode of bronchospasm in children: Can clinical variables predict pathologic findings?.
Ann Emerg Med, 28 (1996), pp. 391-395
[12.]
K. McConnochie.
Bronchiolitis.
What’s in the name? Am J Dis Child, 137 (1983), pp. 11-13
[13.]
C. Wainwright, L. Altamirano, M. Cheney, J. Cheney, S. Barber, D. Price, et al.
A multicenter, randomized, double blind, controlled trial of nebulized epinephrine in infants with acutebronchiolitis.
N Engl J Med, 349 (2003), pp. 27-35
[14.]
L. Hartling, N. Wiebe, K. Rusell, H. Patel, T.P. Klassen.
A metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of epinephrine for the treatment of acute viral bronchiolitis.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157 (2003), pp. 957-964
[15.]
H. Patel, R. Platt, G. Pekeles, F. Ducharme.
A randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of nebulized therapy with epinephrine with albuterol and saline in infants hospitalized for acute viral bronchiolitis.
J Pediatr, 141 (2002), pp. 818-824
[16.]
W.C. Bordley, M. Viswanathan, V. King, S. Sutton, A. Jackman, L. Sterling, et al.
Diagnosis and testing in bronchiolitis.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 158 (2004), pp. 119-126
[17.]
B.C. Hilman.
Evaluation of the wheezing infant.
Allergy Proc, 15 (1994), pp. 1-5
[18.]
P. Perlstein, U. Kotagal, C.h. Bolling, R. Steele, P. Schoettker, H. Atherton, et al.
Evaluation of an evidence-based guidelines for bronchiolitis.
Pediatrics, 104 (1999), pp. 1334-1341
[19.]
G.R. Fleisher.
Infectious disease emergencies.
Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine 4th ed, pp. 725-794
[20.]
P. Eggleston, B. Ward, W. Pierson, C.W. Bierman.
Radiographic abnormalities in acute asthma in children.
Pediatrics, 34 (1974), pp. 442-449
[21.]
J.C. Gershel, H.S. Goldman, R.E.K. Stein, S.P. Shelov, M. Ziprkowski.
The usefulness of chest radiographs in first asthma attacks.
N Engl J Med, 309 (1983), pp. 336-339
[22.]
G. Roosevelt, K. Sheehan, J. Grupp Phelan, R.R. Tanz, R. Listernick.
Dexamethasone in bronchiolitis:a randomized controlled trial.
Lancet, 348 (1996), pp. 292-295
[23.]
C.J. Babcook, G.R. Norman, C.L. Coblentz.
Effect of clinical history on the interpretation of chest radiographs in childhood bronchiolitis.
Invest Radiol, 28 (1993), pp. 214-217
[24.]
H.D. Davies, E.E. Wang, D. Manson, P. Babyn, B. Shuckett.
Reliability of the chest radiograph in the diagnosis of lower respiratory infections in young children.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 15 (1996), pp. 600-604
[25.]
K. Dawson, A. Penna.
Observations on the management of childhood acute asthma in a large hospital.
Med J Australia, 156 (1992), pp. 845-846
[26.]
J. Argimón, J. Jiménez.
Análisis de la concordancia.
Métodos de investigación clínica y epidemiológica. 2.a ed, pp. 321-325
Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Download PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?