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Vol. 59. Issue 1.
Pages 6-12 (1 July 2003)
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Vol. 59. Issue 1.
Pages 6-12 (1 July 2003)
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Púrpura trombocitopénica inmune crónica y recurrente
Chronic and recurrent immune thrombocytopenic purpura
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15168
A. Díaz Conradi
,a
, C. Díaz de Herediab, J. Tusell Puigbertb, S. Quintana Rieraa, L. Tobeña Boadaa, J.J. Ortega Aramburub
a Hospital Mútua de Terrassa
b Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. España
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Antecedentes

La púrpura trombocitopénica inmune es un trastorno autoinmune caracterizado por un descenso de la cifra de plaquetas acompañado habitualmente de diátesis hemorrágica. Las formas crónicas son aquellas en las que la trombocitopenia persiste a los 6 meses del diagnóstico y las formas recurrentes son las que, tras un período de normalidad, experimentan un descenso en la cifra de plaquetas

Objetivos

Valorar la evolución, así como la respuesta al tratamiento, de los pacientes afectados de púrpura trombocitopénica inmune crónica persistente y recurrente

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de los pacientes asistidos en consultas externas en un período de 3 años, desde enero de 1999 hasta diciembre de 2001

Resultados

De 38 pacientes afectados de púrpura trombocitopénica inmune crónica, 16 (42 %) correspondieron a formas crónicas y 22 (58 %) se consideraron formas recurrentes. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en cuanto a sexo, edad al diagnóstico, tiempo de seguimiento, infección viral previa, así como presencia de anticuerpos antiplaquetarios. En las formas recurrentes, el tratamiento médico más eficaz fue la gammaglobulina por vía intravenosa (77 % de respuestas favorables), pero la duración de la respuesta fue corta (media, 22,1 semanas). El 63 % de las formas crónicas persistentes obtuvieron una remisión completa mediante esplenectomía. Seis pacientes de ambos grupos, tratados con gammaglobulina anti-D, obtuvieron resultados favorables. El 4,5 % de las formas recurrentes y el 31,5 % de las persistentes remitieron de forma espontánea durante el período de estudio

Conclusiones

Con los resultados obtenidos y en nuestra experiencia, el tratamiento más eficaz en las formas recurrentes fue la gammaglobulina intravenosa, pero ningún tratamiento consiguió respuestas duraderas a largo plazo. En las formas persistentes la esplenectomía sería una alternativa eficaz en situaciones de riesgo hemorrágico, mientras que una conducta expectante parece la mejor opción cuando éste no exista. Aunque el número de pacientes tratados es limitado es de señalar el elevado número de respuestas favorables obtenidas con la gammaglobulina anti-D

Palabras clave:
Púrpura trombocitopénica inmune crónica
Gammaglobulina intravenosa
Esplenectomía
Gammaglobulina anti-D
Background

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by a drop in platelet count usually accompanied by hemorrhagic diathesis. In chronic forms the platelet count remains low for six months after diagnosis and in recurrent forms the drop in platelet count appears after a period of normality

Objectives

To asses outcome and treatment response in patients with chronic or recurrent ITP

Methods

We performed a retrospective, descriptive study of patients attended in the pediatric hematology outpatient clinic between January 1999 and December 2001

Results

Of 38 patients with chronic ITP, 16 (42 %) presented chronic forms and 22 (58%) presented recurrent forms. No significant differences were found between the two groups in age, sex, diagnosis, duration of follow-up, previous viral infection, or antiplatelet antibodies. In recurrent forms, the most effective treatment was intravenous immune gamma-globulin (77 % favorable responses) but response time was short (mean: 22.1 weeks). Splenectomy produced complete remission in 63 % of the chronic forms. Good results were obtained in six patients from both groups treated with intravenous anti-D immune globulin. During the study period, 4.5% of patients with recurrent forms and 31.5% of those with chronic forms showed spontaneous remission without treatment

Conclusions

In our experience, the most effective treatment for recurrent forms of ITP was intravenous immune globulin, but none of the treatments achieved long-term responses. In chronic forms, splenectomy is an effective alternative when the risk of hemorrhage is high, while a watchful attitude seems to be the best option when this risk is absent. Although the number of patients treated with intravenous anti-D immune globulin was low, good results were achieved

Key words:
Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Intravenous immune globulin
Splenectomy
Intravenous anti-D immune globulin
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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