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Vol. 61. Issue 6.
Pages 554-557 (1 December 2004)
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Vol. 61. Issue 6.
Pages 554-557 (1 December 2004)
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Peritonitis primaria en niños sanos
Primary peritonitis in previously healthy children
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M.J. Navia
Corresponding author
marcelojaviernavia@yahoo.com.ar

Correspondencia: Moliere 1338. 1407 Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina
, P.L. Caroli
Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan. Buenos Aires. Argentina
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Introducción

La peritonitis primaria es una infección poco frecuente en pediatría, que se presenta sobre todo en niños con nefrosis o hepatopatía, y muy raramente en niños sanos. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la evolución de 6 pacientes sin antecedentes patológicos relevantes hasta el momento de padecer la infección peritoneal, y se revisa el tema.

Material y método

Se describe el cuadro clínico y evolución de 6 niños previamente sanos que presentaron peritonitis primaria. El diagnóstico se realizó a partir de la laparotomía, que no evidenció pérdida de la integridad del tracto gastrointestinal

Resultados

El inicio del cuadro fue agudo. Todos los pacientes tenían 24 h o menos de evolución de los síntomas en el momento del diagnóstico. Las manifestaciones clínicas principales fueron fiebre (100%) y dolor abdominal (100%). Existió una leucocitosis (> 15.000/μl) en 4 casos (66%). Se obtuvo desarrollo de microorganismos del líquido peritoneal en 4 niños (Escherichia coli en dos; Streptococcus pneumoniae en uno) y un bacilo gramnegativo en uno. La recuperación fue rápida y no se registraron complicaciones postoperatorias.

Conclusión

El cuadro clínico suele remedar una apendicitis aguda, y el diagnóstico suele ser intraoperatorio. La laparotomía exploratoria temprana y antibioticoterapia son el tratamiento de elección. El pronóstico suele ser favorable.

Palabras clave:
Peritonitis primaria
Niños previamente sanos
Introduction

Primary peritonitis occurs rarely in childhood, affecting mainly children with nephrosis or liver disease and only rarely occurring in previously healthy children. The aim of this case report is to describe the clinical features and natural course of primary peritonitis in six previously healthy children and to review the literature on the topic.

Material and method

The clinical features and course of primary peritonitis in six previously healthy children are described. The diagnosis was made at laparotomy, which showed no intraabdominal findings, such as intestinal perforation

Results

Presentation was acute and all the patients presented within 24 h of onset of symptoms. The most common presenting features were fever (100%) and abdominal pain (100%). Leucocytosis (> 15,000/mm3) was observed in four patients (66%). Microorganisms were isolated from peritoneal fluid in four patients (Escherichia coli in two, Streptococcus pneumoniae in one and Gram-negative bacteria in one). Recovery was rapid and no postoperative complications were observed.

Conclusion

Primary peritonitis in patients without underlying causes is clinically indistinguishable from acute appendicitis and diagnosis is usually made at surgery. The hallmarks of therapy are antibiotics and prompt exploratory laparotomy with appendectomy and the prognosis is good.

Key words:
Primary peritonitis
Previously healthy children
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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