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Vol. 56. Issue 6.
Pages 551-555 (1 June 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 6.
Pages 551-555 (1 June 2002)
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Patología neonatal en los menores de 1.500 gramos con relación al antecedente de corioamnionitis
Neonatal morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants according to exposure to chorioamnionitis
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G. González-Luis
Corresponding author
32519ggl@comb.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. P° Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat. Barcelona
, I. Jordán García, J. Rodríguez-Miguélez, F. Botet Mussons, J. Figueras Aloy
Instituto Clínico de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Neonatología. Hospital Clínic. Unidad Integrada de Pediatría. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu i Hospital Clínic. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS). Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona
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Objetivos

Estudiar las diferencias en la incidencia de patología neonatal y mortalidad, en los recién nacidos de menos de 1.500 g, con relación a la presencia de corioamnionitis

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio caso-control de 135 recién nacidos de menos de 1.500 g de peso, nacidos entre 1988-1998. El grupo de "casos" está constituido por 45 recién nacidos con antecedentes de corioamnionitis materna según criterios clínicos o subclínicos. A cada neonato se le asignaron dos controles, el nacido inmediato anterior y posterior de menos de 1.500 g. Se analizaron los siguientes datos: aspectos perinatales, complicaciones neonatales y mortalidad

Resultados

La edad gestacional media fue de 28,5 semanas (límites, 24-38 semanas) con un peso medio de 1.131 g (límites, 520-1.500). Entre los casos hubo un período de rotura de membranas significativamente mayor (176 h frente a 57 h; p < 0,001). Presentaron infección en las primeras 72 h de vida el 40 % de los casos frente al 10 % de los controles (p < 0,0001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la patología ni en la mortalidad entre ambos grupos, aunque la enfermedad pulmonar crónica (20% frente a 13%) y la hemorragia intraventricular (24% frente a 17%) fueron más frecuentes en los expuestos a corioamnionitis. Necesitaron ventilación asistida un mayor número de niños de los casos (73% frente a 50%; p = 0,016) al igual que reanimación (77,8% frente a 45,6%; p = 0,001)

Conclusiones

La presencia de corioamnionitis se asocia con un riesgo mayor de infección precoz y de precisar reanimación neonatal y ventiloterapia. No existen diferencias significativas respecto a la mortalidad u otras patologías de las analizadas en este estudio

Palabras clave:
Corioamnionitis
Rotura prematura de membranas
Recién nacido prematuro
Recién nacido de muy bajo peso al nacimiento
Parto prematuro
Complicaciones gestacionales
Objectives

To study differences in the incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality among newborns weighing less than 1,500 g according to exposure to chorioamnionitis (CA)

Patients and methods

A case-control study of 135 newborns weighing less than 1,500 g at birth and born between 1988 and 1998 was performed. The case group was composed of 45 newborns exposed to clinical or subclinical levels of maternal CA. Each newborn in the case group was matched with two controls, both weighing less than 1,500 g, one of them born immediately before and the other one immediately after. Perinatal records, neonatal morbidity and mortality were analyzed

Results

The mean gestational age was 28.5 weeks (range: 24-38 weeks) with a mean weight of 1,131 g (range: 520-1,500 g) The time of membrane rupture was significantly greater in the case group (176 h vs 57 h; p < 0.001). Forty percent of the cases presented sepsis in the first 72 h of life compared with 10 % of the controls (p < 0.0001). No significant differences in morbidity or mortality were found between the groups, although chronic lung disease (20% vs 13%) and intraventricular hemorrhage (24% vs 17%) were more frequent in infants exposed to CA. Resuscitation (77.8% vs 45.6%; p = 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (73 % vs 50 %; p = 0.016) were required by a great number of cases than controls

Conclusions

The presence of CA was associated with a higher risk of early onset infection and the need for neonatal resuscitation and mechanical ventilation. No significant differences were found in morbidity or mortality

Keywords:
Chorioamnionitis
Premature rupture of the fetal membranes
Premature newborns
Very low birth weight newborn
Premature labor
Pregnancy complications
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