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Vol. 57. Issue 1.
Pages 12-17 (1 July 2002)
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Vol. 57. Issue 1.
Pages 12-17 (1 July 2002)
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Óxido nítrico exhalado en niños sanos y asmáticos
Exhaled Nitric Oxygen In Healthy And Asthmatic Children
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F. Balboa de Paz, S. Rueda Esteban
Corresponding author
srueda@jazzfree.com

Correspondencia: Costa Brava, 24, portal 5, 3.D. 28034 Madrid. España.
, E. Aleo Luján, G. Rodríguez Tauriz
Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos. Madrid. España.
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Objetivos

Uno de los hallazgos fundamentales en el asma es la inflamación crónica de la vía respiratoria. El óxido nítrico exhalado (ONE), parece comportarse como marcador útil de la inflamación en individuos asmáticos. Estudiar la concentración de ONE en niños sanos y asmáticos y relacionar dicha variable con los tratamientos efectuados.

Material y métodos

Estudio transversal en ámbito hospitalario, analizando la concentración de ONE (en partes por billón), por quimioluminiscencia según la técnica en T de exhalación lenta contra una resistencia (ELCR), en 2 grupos de estudio: grupo A o control (n = 105) formado por niños sanos (6-14 años), de ambos sexos, sin enfermedad respiratoria previa; grupo B o asma (n = 79) formado por niños (6-14 años) diagnosticados de asma y con tratamiento antiasmático, al menos durante los últimos 2 meses, en función de la gravedad de su proceso. Se analizaron los parámetros cuantitativos mediante el test de la t de Student y la asociación entre variables cualitativas con el test de la chi cuadrado (χ2).

Resultados

La concentración de ONE está significativamente elevada en el grupo asma (15,02 ppb) con respecto al grupo control(5,40 ppb)(p < 0,01). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los niños asmáticos atendiendo a su grado de asma. Los niños asmáticos en tratamiento con cromonas tenían una concentración de ONE superior (16,62 ppb), pero no significativa (p = 0,08),respecto a la obtenida en los tratados con corticoides inhalados (11,8 ppb).

En los niños asmáticos en fase de reagudización 22,87 ppb),así como en aquellos con prueba de broncodilatación positiva(20,65 ppb) se obtuvieron valores más elevados (p < 0,05) respecto a aquellos sin crisis asmática y/o prueba de broncodilatación negativa. Asimismo, aquellos con dermatitis atópica tenían una concentración de ONE superior (23,07 ppb) respecto a aquellos sin dermatitis atópica (11,68 ppb)(p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

Los niños asmáticos, en sus diferentes escalones de gravedad, muestran una concentración de ONE elevada respecto a la población sana.La medición de la concentración de ONE puede ser un medio para monitorizar la inflamación bronquial y valorar la eficacia de los tratamientos antiinflamatorios.

Palabras clave:
Óxido nítrico exhalado
Asma
Corticoides inhalados
Cromonas
Dermatitis atópica
Inflamación bronquial
Objectives

One of the main findings in asthma is chronic inflammation of the airway. Exhaled nitric oxide may be a useful marker of airway inflammation in asthmatic children.

To evaluate the concentration of nitric oxide (NO)in exhaled air in healthy and asthmatic children and to relate this variable with different treatments.

Material and methods

A cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary hospital. The concentration of exhaled NO(in parts per billion) was analyzed by chemoluminescence using the T technique of exhaling against expiratory resistance with positive mouthpiece pressure in two different study groups: group A (control group)consisted of 105 healthy children aged 6-14 years old without a history of respiratory disease; group B (asthmatic group)consisted of 79 children aged 6-14 years old diagnosed with asthma and undergoing anti-asthmatic treatment for at least the previous two months, depending on the severity of their disease. Quantitative variables were analyzed using Student's t-test and the relationship between qualitative variables was analyzed using the chi-squared test.

Results

Expired NO concentrations were significantly higher in the asthma group (15.02 ppb) than in the control group (5.40ppb)(p < 0.01). No significant differences were found among the asthmatic children in asthma severity. Expired NO was higher in asthmatic children treated with nedocromil(16.62 ppb)than in those treated with inhaled corticosteroids(11.8 ppb) but this difference was not significant(p = 0.08).Children who presented signs of acute asthma (22.87 ppb) and those with a positive bronchial dilatation test (20.65)showed higher expired NO values (p < 0.05) than those without asthmatic crises and/or a negative bronchial dilatation test.Likewise,children with atopic dermatitis showed higher expired NO concentrations(23.07 ppb) than those without atopic dermatitis(11.68 ppb)(p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Children with asthma of various degrees of severity have higher levels of expired NO than do healthy children. Measurement of expired NO concentrations can be used to monitor bronchial inflammation and to evaluate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments.

Key words:
Exhaled nitric oxide
Asthma
Inhaled corticosteroids
Nedocromil
Atopic dermatitis
Bronchial inflammation
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