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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 17-22 (1 January 2003)
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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 17-22 (1 January 2003)
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Orientación diagnóstica en la unidad de urgencias en lactantes menores de 12 meses con infección bacteriana
Diagnostic test in emergency departments for bacterial infections in infants younger than 12 months
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C. Alcalde Martín, F. Centeno Malfaz, C. González Armengod, J. Rodríguez Calleja, M. Carrascal Arranz, J.M. Muro Tudelilla, E. Jiménez Mena
Corresponding author
ejimenez@hurh.sacyl.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Del Río Hortega. Cardenal Torquemada, s/n. 47010 Valladolid. España
Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Del Río Hortega. Valladolid. España
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Objetivo

Analizar los datos clinicoanalíticos relacionados con el diagnóstico de infección bacteriana en la unidad de urgencias en niños con edad inferior a un año.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 430 niños menores de un año con cultivos centrales positivos (hemocultivos, 30; cultivos de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), 25; urocultivos, 207; coprocultivos, 193). Estos pacientes se compararon con un grupo control (n = 430), seleccionados de forma aleatoria del resto de pacientes que ingresaron con edad inferior a 12 meses, sospecha de infección y cultivos centrales negativos. Se excluyeron los pacientes de la unidad de neonatología y los niños ingresados para cirugía. Se realizaron el test de la t de Student para muestras independientes, prueba de Levene para estudio de igualdad de varianzas, correlaciones bivariadas y ANOVA de un factor, así como curvas ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) y odds ratio cuando se obtuvieron resultados con significación estadística (p < 0,05). Dichos estudios se obtuvieron con el paquete estadístico SPSS 10,0.

Resultados

El 11,7% de los niños ingresados con edad inferior a un año tenían algún cultivo central positivo. De las variables analizadas tuvieron significación estadística la temperatura (p = 0,005), el recuento leucocitario (p = 0,003), el porcentaje de segmentados (p < 0,0001) y proteína C reactiva (PCR) (p < 0,0001). En las infecciones invasivas existió además significación estadística para el sexo (predominio de varones) (p = 0,03), frecuencia cardíaca (p < 0,0001) y frecuencia respiratoria (p = 0,003). En las curvas ROC el mejor rendimiento diagnóstico se obtuvo con la PCR (con un corte óptimo de 29 mg/l se obtuvo un área bajo la curva de 0,93 con especificidad de 86 % y sensibilidad de 91 %).

Conclusión

La PCR es fundamental para el diagnóstico de infección bacteriana en la sala de urgencias en niños menores de un año.

Palabras clave:
Lactante
Infección bacteriana
Sepsis
Meningitis
Infec-ción urinaria
Proteína C reactiva (PCR)
Objective

To evaluate clinical and analytic numeric data that may help the emergency departments to identify bacterial infections in infants.

Patients and methods

A retrospective study of 430 infants with bacterial growth in cultures (culture from blood, 30; urine, 207; stools, 193, and/or cerebrospinal fluid, n = 25) was performed. These patients were compared with a control group (n = 430), randomly selected from patients aged less than 12 months with negative cultures who were hospitalized with suspected infection. Neonates and surgical patients were excluded from both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test for independent samples, Levene's test for the study of equality of variances, bivariate correlation and one-factor ANOVA, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and odds ratios were calculated when statistically significant (p < 0.05) results were obtained. These analyses were performed using the SPSS 10.0 statistical software package.

Results

Of the infants admitted to the pediatric unit, 11.7% had at least one positive bacterial culture. Temperature (p = 0.005), leucocyte count (p = 0.003), percentage of neutrophils (p < 0.0001) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in infants with positive cultures. In invasive infections significant differences were found in sex (more frequent in males) (p = 0.03), heart rate (p < 0.0001) and respiratory rate (p = 0.003). In the ROC curves, the best diagnostic yield was obtained for C-reactive protein (0.93 for a cutoff value of 29 mg/l, 86 % specificity and 91 % sensitivity).

Conclusion

C-reactive protein is essential for diagnosis of bacterial infection in infants in the emergency department.

Key words:
Infant
Bacterial infection
Sepsis
Meningitis
Urinary tract infection
C-reactive Protein
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