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La enfermedad celíaca es una intolerancia permanente a los componentes del gluten que cursa con una alteración de la mucosa del intestino delgado generalmente reversible al excluir el gluten de la dieta. La patogenia del proceso es inmunitaria y se sabe que, además de un estrechísimo ligamiento con ciertos alelos HLA, en esta enfermedad existen alteraciones constantes en los linfocitos intraepiteliales (i-LIE). El desarrollo de una técnica para su determinación por citometría de flujo (CMF) nos ha permitido profundizar en el conocimiento de estas alteraciones y utilizar su determinación en el diagnóstico clínico. Nuestra experiencia demuestra que esta prueba presenta una excelente sensibilidad y especificidad en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad celíaca y que su utilidad es especialmente relevante en las presentaciones atípicas de la enfermedad. En este trabajo se resumen los resultados obtenidos y se discuten algunas de las hipótesis que se han vertido acerca de la posible participación de los LIE en la patogenia de la enfermedad.
Palabras clave:
Enfermedad celíaca
Enfermedad celíaca latente
Linfo-citos intraepiteliales TcRgd
Linfocitos intraepiteliales NK- like
Coeliac disease (CD) is a permanent intolerance to gluten that provokes alterations in the mucosa of the small intestine. The disease can usually be controlled by excluding gluten from the diet. CD is immunologically-mediated, with a strong linkage to certain HLA alleles and a permanently altered intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) pattern. The development of a flow cytometric technique for the evaluation of IEL subsets has increased our understanding of these alterations and has prepared the ground for its clinical application. Our experience shows that this procedure has excellent sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CD and that it is particularly useful in the evaluation of atypical presentations of the disease. The present article reviews our experience in the diagnosis of CD and discusses some of the hypotheses that have been put forward on the possible role of IEL in its pathogenesis.
Keywords:
Coeliac Disease
Latent coeliac disease
Intraepithelial lymphocytes TcRgd
NK-like Intraepithelial lymphocytes
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