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Vol. 56. Issue 2.
Pages 171-174 (1 February 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 2.
Pages 171-174 (1 February 2002)
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Lesión postraumática de arteria carótida
Postraumatic lesion of the carotid artery
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B. Balsera Garridoa, L. Rodríguez Ferrána, M. Pons Ódenaa,
Corresponding author
mpons@hsjdbcn.org

Correspondencia: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. P.° Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues. Barcelona.
, A. Vernet Borilb, A. Palomeque Ricoa
a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos
b Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Unidad Integrada Hospital Clínic-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Universidad de Barcelona
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Las lesiones postraumáticas de arteria carótida son muy raras en la población general, y más en la infancia por la elasticidad de los vasos. Su escasa expresión clínica inicial puede retrasar el diagnóstico hasta la aparición de signos neurológicos a menudo irreversibles. Se puede manifestar como síndrome de Horner, síncopes, cefalea, vértigo, cambios visuales, afasia y accidentes isquémicos transitorios. Se debe descartar una lesión ante: signos físicos de lesión de tejidos blandos del cuello, examen neurológico incompatible con los hallazgos de la tomografía computarizada (TC), desarrollo de déficit neurológicos tardíos y síndrome de Horner. El caso que se expone en esta nota clínica presentó una crisis parcial y hemiplejía a los 3 días del traumatismo.

La técnica diagnóstica más sensible es la angiografía, aunque al ser agresiva se practica cuando hay sospecha por ecografía Doppler, TC o angiorresonancia. El tratamiento ha de ser individualizado.

La anticoagulación constituye la terapia estándar y el tratamiento antiagregante está indicado en casos de contraindicación relativa para la anticoagulación y en pacientes asintomáticos, quedando el tratamiento trombolítico reservado para las primeras horas de evolución. La reparación quirúrgica constituye el tratamiento de elección en los seudoaneurismas y dado que la inaccesibilidad suele ser uno de los problemas principales de la cirugía, los stents intravasculares pueden constituir una buena alternativa terapéutica en las lesiones que no responden a tratamiento médico.

Palabras clave:
Lesiones postraumáticas de arteria carótida
Traumatismo craneoencefálico
Accidente cerebrovascular

Postraumatic lesions of the carotid artery are very unusual in the general population and are especially rare in children due to the elasticity of their vessels. Because clinical expression of these lesions is mild, diagnosis can be delayed until the development of neurological signs, which are frequently irreversible. Neurological signs can be those of Horner’s syndrome, drop attack, headache, vertigo, visual disorders, aphasia or transitory ischemic accidents. Carotid arterial lesion should be ruled out when the patient shows injuries in the soft tissue of the neck, when the neurological examination is incompatible with the findings of computed tomography (CT), when late neurological deficits develop or when the patient has Horner’s syndrome. The patient reported herein presented partial motor seizures and hemiplegia 3 days after trauma. The most sensitive diagnostic test is angiography. Because this technique is aggressive, it is performed when suspicion is based on the results of Doppler sonography, CT or angiomagnetic resonance imaging. Treatment must be individualized. Standard therapy is anticoagulation but when this is contraindicated or the patient is asymptomatic anti-aggregating drugs are used. Thrombolytic treatment is reserved for the first few hours after injury. Surgical repair is the treatment of choice in patients with pseudoaneurysm. Because inaccessibility is one of the major difficulties in this type of surgery, intravascular stents can be a good therapeutic alternative in lesions unresponsive to medical treatment.

Key words:
Postraumatic lesions of the carotid artery
Head injury
Cerebrovascular accident
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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