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Vol. 55. Issue 4.
Pages 329-334 (1 October 2001)
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Vol. 55. Issue 4.
Pages 329-334 (1 October 2001)
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Intervención psicológica en la adhesion al tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas pediátricas
Psychological intervention in treatment adhesion in chronic pediatric diseases
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6376
M.aC. Benedito Monleón
Corresponding author
m.carmen.benedito@uv.es

Correspondencia: Avda. Autopista de Saler 6, 61. 46013 Valencia
Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Valencia
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El presente trabajo analiza desde el punto de vista psicológico los problemas de cumplimiento del tratamiento en las enfermedades crónicas pediátricas. Se describe la repercusión del tema sobre la enfermedad, el médico responsable, el paciente y sus familiares, haciendo una mención especial a la complejidad del problema cuando se presenta en la población adolescente. Se revisan los factores que dificultan la adherencia a las prescripciones médicas, identificando aspectos relacionados con la enferm edad y el tratamiento, y variables cognitivas, emocionales, conductuales, familiares, sociales, culturales, organizacionales y económicas. Se realiza una propuesta de intervención psicológica que contempla la evaluación, la prevención y el tratamiento de los problemas de cumplimiento de los regímenes médicos. Se detalla la indicación y el modo de utilización de cada una de las técnicas, distinguiendo entre estrategias educacionales, motivacionales y conductuales. En resumen, se propone un programa de tratamiento psicológico que puede ser fácilmente aplicado a un gran número de pacientes crónicos pediátricos, en los que se sospechen o ya se hayan confirmado problemas de cumplimiento del tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad crónica pediátrica
Cumplimiento del tratamiento
Intervención psicológica

This paper analyses the problems of treatment adherence in chronic pediatric diseases from a psychological point of view. We describe the repercussions of adherence on the course of the disease, the physician in charge, patients, and their relatives and place special emphasis on the complexity of the problem among adolescents. Factors impeding adherence arereviewed and factors related to disease and treatment, as well as cognitive, emotional, behavioral, familial, social, cultural, organizational and economic variables, are identified. The author proposes a psychological intervention that includes the assessment, prevention and management of problems of treatment adherence. The indications and implementation of each technique are outlined, distinguishing among educational, motivational and behavioral strategies. In summary, a psychological treatment program is proposed that may be easily applied to a large number of pediatric patients with chronic diseases and suspected or confirmed problems of treatment adherence.

Key words:
Chronic pediatric diseases
Treatment adherence
Psychological intervention
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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