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Vol. 56. Issue 3.
Pages 212-218 (1 March 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 3.
Pages 212-218 (1 March 2002)
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Insuficiencia renal como factor desencadenante de crisis epilépticas
Renal Failure As A Factor Leading To Epileptic Seizures
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M. Rufo Camposa,
Corresponding author
mrufoc@meditex.es

Correspondencia: Dr. M. Rufo Campos. Colombia, 10. 41013 Sevilla.
, A.M. Vázquez Floridoa, M. Madruga Garridoa
a Sección de Neuropediatría. Hospital Infantil Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla.
J. Fijob, A. Sánchez Morenob, J. Martín Govantesb
b Sección de Nefrología Infantil. Hospital Infantil Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla.
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Objetivo

Se pretende analizar la incidencia de las crisis convulsi-vas en la insuficiencia renal, estudiando las características semiológicas de los episodios convulsivos, su posterior evolución y la presencia de posibles secuelas. Se han relacionado los distintos factores desencadenantes de las crisis, con su evolución y con su tratamiento.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo por revisión de historias clínicas. Durante un período de 20 años se revisan de forma retrospectiva 108 pacientes ingresados en el hospital con el diagnóstico de insuficiencia renal: 55 con prediálisis, 42 con trasplante renal, 7 con diálisis peritoneal, y 3, hemodiáli-sis. Un caso se desechó por no cumplir los criterios de selección. Se analizaron 18 variables cuantitativas y cualitativas, utilizando las medidas de tendencia central o de localización en las variables cuantitativas, y los porcentajes en las cualitativas. El test de chi cuadrado (χ2) se usó al comparar dos proporciones.

resultados

Del total de enfermos, 16 habían sufrido algún tipo de crisis convulsiva (14,95%), y de ellos ninguno se encontraba en el grupo de prediálisis. Como factor desencadenante, hubo un desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico en 8 casos, hipertensión en cuatro, y otras causas no bien determinadas en los restantes. Sólo en 3 casos que correspondían a epilepsias previas a la insuficiencia renal, se mantenían las manifestaciones críticas.

Conclusiones

Las crisis epilépticas de la insuficiencia renal en la infancia pueden considerarse crisis ocasionales, que no suelen cronificarse ni dejar secuelas deficitarias. El tratamiento de las crisis en la insuficiencia renal debe ser divulgado entre los profesionales que atienden enfermedades sistémicas.

Palabras clave:
Insuficiencia renal
Crisis epilépticas
Crisis ocasionales
Niños
Objective

To analyze the incidence of convulsive seizures in renal failure by studying the semiological characteristics of the convulsive episodes, their subsequent evolution and the presence of possible sequelae. The relationship between the different potential causes of the seizures and their evolution and treatment was also analyzed.

Material and methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical histories of 108 patients admitted to the hospital over a 20-year period with a diagnosis of renal failure: 55 were undergoing predialysis, 42 renal transplantation, 7 peritoneal dialysis and 3 hemodialysis. One patient was excluded for not fulfilling the selection criteria. Computer study of the 18 quantitative and qualitative variables was carried out with the SPSS 9.0.1 program.

Results

Of the 107 patients, 16 (14.95%) had suffered some type of convulsive seizure. None was in the predialysis group. As triggering factors, hydroelectrolyte imbalance was found in eight patients and hypertension was found in four. In the remaining patients the causes were not well-defined. Only three patients with epilepsy prior to renal failure presented sequelae.

Conclusions

Epileptic seizures in renal failure in childhood can be considered as occasional seizures that do not usually become chronic or produce sequelae. Information on the management of seizures in renal failure should be disseminated among professionals treating systemic diseases.

Key words:
Renal failure
Childhood
Epileptic seizures
Occasional seizures
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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