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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 59-62 (1 January 2003)
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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 59-62 (1 January 2003)
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Insuficiencia hepática aguda por linfoma de células T sin infiltración hepática
Acute liver failure due to t cell lymphoma without hepatic infiltration
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J. Ortega López Juana, J. López Espinosaa, J. Roqueta Masa, C. Sabado Álvarezb, C. Ruiz Marcellanc, J. Iglesias Berenguéa,
Corresponding author
jiglesias.hmi@cs.vhebron.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Pediatría. Hospital Vall d'Hebron. P.° Vall d'Hebron, 119-129. 08035 Barcelona. España.
a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Pediatría. Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. España
b Servicio de Oncología. Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. España
c Departamento de Patología. Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. España
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En pacientes con anemia de células falciformes, la hepatomegalia y alteración de la función hepática son comunes. En ellos, las crisis vasooclusivas intrahepáticas graves, pueden ocurrir con niveles de hemoglobina del 25 % y hematocrito superior a 45-50%. Un 10 % pueden llegar a fallo hepático agudo (FHA). El FHA tiene diversas causas, entre ellas los procesos hematológicos malignos, excepcionalmente el linfoma de células T, que por lo general produce infiltración hepática e isquemia, aunque éste no es el único mecanismo lesional. Recientemente se ha considerado a las citocinas liberadas por linfomas como causa de FHA.

Se presenta el caso de una niña de raza negra, con enfermedad de células falciformes, que presentó FHA secundario a un linfoma de células T que no infiltró al hígado, y donde el único mecanismo que se encontró para explicar el cuadro clínico fue el mediado por las citocinas.

Cuando los estudios de imagen no confirman la infiltración hepática por células malignas, debe valorarse realizar una biopsia hepática, pues el pronóstico del FHA variará en función de si hay o no infiltración tumoral. Si la causa del FHA es compatible con una enfermedad neoplásica, las citocinas pueden ser las responsables del FHA. Por ello, establecer medidas de soporte de la función hepática e iniciar tratamiento precoz de la enfermedad de base, además de remover directamente estos mediadores inflamatorios de la circulación mediante exanguinotransfusión u otro procedimiento debe constituir la principal preocupación.

Palabras clave:
Insuficiencia hepática aguda
Linfoma de células T
Citocinas
Enfermedad de células falciformes

Hepatomegaly and alterations in hepatic function are common to all patients with sickle-cell disease. In these patients, hepatic sickling is a manifestation of severe intrahepatic vaso-oclusive crises, even at levels of 25% HbS and hematocrits of more than 45-50%, which in 10 % of cases can lead to acute hepatic failure (AHF). AHF can be due to a variety of causes, including hematologic malignancies, but T cell lymphoma, which is usually secondary to diffuse hepatic infiltration and ischemia, is an exceptional cause, although other mechanisms can be involved. Cytokines released by lymphomas have recently been implicated as a cause of AHF.

We describe a black girl with sickle cell disease, who developed AHF due to T cell lymphoma without lymphomatous infiltration of the liver. The only mechanism found to explain the clinical findings was release of cytokines by lymphoma.

In patients with AHF of unknown etiology we propose early liver biopsy, because prognosis depends on the presence or absence of hepatic tumour infiltration. If AHF develops in a patient with diagnosed malignant disease, cytokine release may be the cause of AHF. Consequently, early diagnosis of the underlying disease and provision of liver support, as well as direct removal of inflammatory mediators from the circulation by exchange transfusion or other methods, should be the main priorities.

Key words:
Acute hepatic failure
T cell lymphoma
Cytokines
Sickle cell disease
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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