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Vol. 57. Issue 6.
Pages 529-533 (1 December 2002)
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Vol. 57. Issue 6.
Pages 529-533 (1 December 2002)
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Influencia del síndrome de Gilbert en los valores de bilirrubina sérica y presencia de litiasis vesicular en pacientes con hemólisis crónica congénita
Influence of gilbert's syndrome on serum bilirubin levels and gallstone formation in children with chronic hemolytic disease
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E. Costaa,
Corresponding author
elisio_costa@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Serviço de Hematologia. Hospital de Crianças Maria Pia. Rua da Boavista, 827. 4050-111 Porto. Portugal Correo electrónico: hematologia@hmariapia.min-saude.pt
, R. Pintob, E. Vieirac, S. Poloa, A.M. Sarmentoa, I. Oliveiraa, R. Pimentad, R. dos Santosc, J. Barbota
a Serviço de Hematologia. Hospital de Crianças Maria Pia
b Serviço de Pediatria. Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia
c Unidade de Genética Molecular do Instituto de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães
d Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto. Portugal
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Resumen

Con el objetivo de evaluar si la presencia de síndrome de Gilbert aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar litiasis vesicular en niños con enfermedad hemolítica crónica, se estudiaron 44 niños con este diagnóstico. El diagnóstico de litiasis vesicular se estableció mediante ultrasonografía. Esta se efectuó anualmente de forma protocolarizada o en el contexto de una sintomatología abdominal dolorosa. En todas ellas, se registraron los valores medios de hemoglobina, reticulocitos y bilirrubina total y directa en fase crónica. Además se analizó la presencia de la inserción del dinucleótida TA en la región promotora del gen de la enzima uridina-difosfoglucuronosiltransferasa (UGT1A1) que está asociada al síndrome de Gilbert.

Encontramos 10 pacientes homozigotos para la inserción dinucleótida TA*7/TA*7 (22,7 %), 12 heterozigotos para la inserción dinucleótida TA*6/TA*7 (27,3 %) y 22 pacientes homozigotos para el alelo normal TA*6/TA*6 (50 %). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los valores de hemoglobina (test de Kruskal-Wallis 5 2,496; p > 0,05) ni en el recuento de reticulocitos (test de Kruskal-Wallis 5 1,696; p > 0,05) en los 3 grupos de pacientes. Esto sugiere un grado similar de hemólisis. La media de la bilirrubina total en los pacientes con el genotipo TA*7/TA*7 fue significativamente superior a la de los que presentaban el genotipo TA*6/TA*6 (test de Mann-Whitney 5 35,5; p < 0,05). Ningún paciente con el genotipo TA*6/TA*6 presentó litiasis vesicular, pero 2 de los 12 con el genotipo TA*6/TA*7 (16,6 %) y 6 de los 10 con el genotipo TA*7/TA*7 (60 %) tuvieron esta complicación. En este último grupo, 4 pacientes presentaron pancreatitis aguda como complicación de la litiasis vesicular.

La asociación entre la producción de la bilirrubina aumentada debido a una enfermedad hemolítica crónica y la disminución de la conjugación hepática de ésta condiciona un incremento de bilirrubina en la bilis. En consecuencia, esto conlleva a un riesgo aumentado en la formación de litiasis vesicular. Así, en la evolución inicial de un niño con enfermedad hemolítica crónica tendrá importancia la investigación del síndrome de Gilbert.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de Gilbert
UGT1A1
Bilirrubina
Anemia
Hemólisis
Litiasis vesicular
Pancreatitis aguda

To determine whether Gilbert's syndrome increases the risk of gallstone formation in children with chronic hemolytic disease, we studied 44 children with this diagnosis. Gallstones were detected by abdominal ultrasonography. This took place annually in scheduled examinations or in the context of acute abdominal pain. In all patients, the mean values of hemoglobin, reticulocyte and serum bilirubin in the chronic phase were recorded. In addition, TA insertion in the A(TA)nTATAA motif within the promoter region of the enzyme uridine-diphosphate-glucuronyl transferase (UGT1A1) was screened, since this is typically associated with GS.

We found 10 (22.7 %) homozygotes for the mutated allele TA*7/TA*7, 12 (27.3%) TA*6/TA*6 heterozygotes and 22 (50 %) homozygotes for the wild-type allele TA*6/TA*6. No statistically significant differences were found in the values of hemoglobin (Kruskal-Wallis test 5 2.496; p > 0.05) or in reticulocyte count (Kruskal-Wallis test 5 1.696; p > 0,05) between the three groups of patients, suggesting a similar degree of hemolysis. Patients with the UGT1A1 TA*7/TA*7 genotype showed higher mean serum bilirubin levels than did patients who were homozygous for the wild-type allele (Mann-Whitney test 5 35.5; p < 0.05). None of the patients with the TA*6/TA*6 genotype developed gallstones, whereas this complication was found in 2 of 12 (16.6 %) heterozygotes and 6 of 10 (60 %) homozygotes for the allele with TA insertion. In this latter group, 4 patients presented acute pancreatitis as a consequence of gallstone formation.

The association between increased bilirubin load due to chronic hemolytic disease and diminished hepatic conjugation leads to raised serum bilirubin levels and consequently to an increased risk of gallstone formation. Therefore, we recommend screening for Gilbert's syndrome in children in the initial phases of chronic hemolytic diseases.

Key words:
Gilbert's syndrome
UGT1A1
Bilirubin
Anemia
Hemolytic disease
Gallstones
Acute pancreatitis
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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