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Vol. 53. Issue 4.
Pages 339-345 (1 October 2000)
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Vol. 53. Issue 4.
Pages 339-345 (1 October 2000)
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Influencia del hábito tabáquico familiar en la hospitalización infantil por enfermedades respiratorias en los dos primeros años de vida
Influence of parental smoking on pediatric hospitalization for respiratory illness among children aged less than 2 years
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M.R. Pardo Crespoa,b,
Corresponding author
erodrigo@mundivia.es

Correspondencia: Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Cantabria. Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n. 39011 Santander.
, R. Pérez Iglesiasa, J. Llorcab, E. Rodrigo Calabiab, L. Álvarez Grandaa, M. Delgado-Rodríguezb,c
a Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla.
b Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de Cantabria.
c Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de Jaén.
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Objetivo

Determinar si el consumo de tabaco familiar se comporta como un factor de riesgo para la hospitalización in-fantil en los dos primeros años de vida.

Material y métodos

Estudio de casos-referencia en el que los casos estuvieron formados por el 40% de los niños menores de 2 años hospitalizados en plantas de neonatal o pediátricas (n = 392). La población de referencia fue el 15% de los recién nacidos vivos en dicho hospital (n = 493). La recogida de información se realizó mediante entrevista personal a ambas poblaciones y entrevista telefónica o por carta, durante el año siguiente a la primera entrevista, a la población de referencia. El período de estudio abarcó de abril de 1995 a mayo de 1996.

Resultados

Se observó un aumento significativo del riesgo de hospitalización por enfermedades respiratorias de vías bajas cuando la madre fuma (RR ajustado: 1,79; IC del 95%: 1,03-3,11). Se apreció un aumento del riesgo de hospitalización por enfermedades de vías respiratorias altas o bajas, de vías respiratorias bajas y por bronquiolitis cuando el consumo de cigarrillos materno era mayor de 19 cigarrillos al día. Dichos resultados fueron ajustados por factores de confusión, como edad de los padres, etnia, educación materna, clase social, lactancia materna e ingreso al nacimiento.

Conclusiones

El hábito tabáquico familiar, más concretamente el materno, influye sobre la salud del niño durante los dos primeros años de vida, determinando un aumento del riesgo de hospitalización por enfermedades de vías respiratorias.

Key words:
Passive smoking
Infants
Hospitalization
Respiratory illness
Palabras clave:
Fumador pasivo
Niños
Hospitalización
Enfermedad respiratoria
Aim

To determine whether parental smoking increased the risk of hospitalization among children aged less than 2 years.

Design

Case-reference study conducted from April 1995-May 1996. The group of cases was composed of 40% of all the children aged 2 years or less years admitted to our hospital (n = 392). The reference population was composed of 15% of the live newborns in the same the hospital (n = 493). The information was obtained by face-to-face interview after delivery in both populations and by telephone interview or postal survey and was completed in the reference population one year after delivery.

Results

Maternal smoking increased the risk of hospitalization for lower respiratory illness (adjusted RR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.03-3.11). Moreover, the risk of hospitalization for upper or lower respiratory illness, lower respiratory illness and bronchiolitis was increased when the mother smoked more than 19 cigarettes per day. The results were adjusted for confounding factors such as parental age, ethnic group, maternal education, social class, breastfeeding and hospitalization of the newborn.

Conclusions

Parental smoking, specifically maternal smoking, affects children's health, increasing the risk of hospitalization for respiratory illness in the first 2 years of life.

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