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Vol. 60. Issue 4.
Pages 316-322 (1 April 2004)
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Vol. 60. Issue 4.
Pages 316-322 (1 April 2004)
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Implantación de stents en cardiología pediátrica. Resultados iniciales
Use of stents in pediatric cardiology. initial results
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A. Moruno Tirado
Corresponding author
aamoruno@supercable.es

Correspondencia: Sección de Hemodinámica. Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío. Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n. Sevilla. España
, J. Santos de Soto, J. Grueso Montero, E. Maya Carrasco, J.L. Gavilán Camacho, A. Descalzo Señorans
Secciones de Hemodinámica y Cardiología. Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla. España
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Antecedentes y objetivo

Un stent es un dispositivo útil en el tratamiento de lesiones estenóticas vasculares asociadas a cardiopatías congénitas. En el año 1997 iniciamos nuestra experiencia, cuyos resultados se exponen en este trabajo

Pacientes y método

Se han implantado 17 stents, en 12 niños con edad media de 82 meses (2–168 meses) mediante 13 procedimientos. Ocho pacientes tenían estenosis de ramas pulmonares posquirúrgicas; 3 pacientes recoartaciones de aorta y uno, cardiopatía compleja dependiente del ductus. En los primeros 8 pacientes se efectuó cateterismo derecho y se siguió la técnica habitual de implantación con guía de alto soporte y vaina de Mullins. En los restantes el abordaje fue por vía arterial femoral. Se utilizaron 13 stents de Palmaz; 3 stents Express; y uno, Intrastent

Resultados

El diámetro de las lesiones se incrementó tras el implante desde 3,1 (2,8–5,6) hasta 12 (10–15)mm (p ≤ 0,002), y el gradiente a través de las estenosis descendió desde 32 (21–45) a 8,5 (0–11,5)mmHg (p ≤ 0,002). En el paciente dependiente del ductus permitió la suspensión de prostaglandinas y el alta hospitalaria. Tras un seguimiento medio de 27 meses (1–60) ha habido una oclusión completa tardía de rama pulmonar y una parcial de arteria lobular superior derecha. Un enfermo falleció por causas ajenas al stent (shock cardiogénico previo), el resto están asintomáticos y no precisan medicación

Conclusiones

El stent es un dispositivo seguro y eficaz. Puede ser utilizado en una amplia variedad de lesiones estenóticas

Palabras clave:
Stent
Estenosis posquirúrgicas
Cardiopatías congénitas
Background and aim

Balloon-expandable stents are useful in treating vascular stenotic lesions associated with congenital heart defects. We report our experience of this device since 1997

Patients and method

Seventeen stents were implanted in 12 children in 13 procedures. The mean age of the patients was 82 months (range: 2–168 months). Eight patients had postsurgical stenoses in branch pulmonary arteries, three patients had aortic re-coarctation and one patient had a ductus-dependent complex heart defect. In the first eight patients we performed right catheterization, following the usual technique of percutaneous implantation with super-stiff wire and Mullins sheath. In the remaining patients, vascular access was through the femoral artery. The Palmaz stent was used in 13 patients, Express stents in three and Intrastent in one patient

Results

After stent implantation, the diameter of the narrowings increased from 3.1mm (2.8–5.6) to 12mm (10–15) (p < 0.002) and the gradient was reduced from 32mmHg (21–45) to 8.5mmHg (0–11.5) (p < 0.002). In the patient with ductus-dependent heart defect, the procedure allowed prostaglandin E1 withdrawal and hospital discharge. After a mean follow-up of 27 months (range: 1–60 months) one occurrence of late complete occlusion of branch pulmonary artery and one case of side-branch partial occlusion (right superior lobe branch) have been detected. One patient died from causes unrelated to the stent (prior cardiogenic shock). The remaining patients are asymptomatic and medication free

Conclusions

The stent is a safe and effective device that could be used in a wide variety of stenotic vascular lesions

Key words:
Stent
Postsurgical stenoses
Congenital heart defects
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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