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Vol. 58. Issue 4.
Pages 376-380 (1 April 2003)
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Vol. 58. Issue 4.
Pages 376-380 (1 April 2003)
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Hipernatremia grave: supervivencia sin secuelas neurológicas
Severe hypernatremia: survival without neurologic sequelae
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R.R. Borrego Domínguez
Corresponding author
rarobo@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Real, 44, 1.° B. 28230 Madrid. España.
, A. Imaz Roncero, J. López-Herce Cid, C. Seriñá Ramírez
Sección de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España
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La hipernatremia es una alteración hidroelectrolítica debida principalmente a pérdidas aumentadas de agua o aumento de aporte de sodio. Los pocos casos publicados de hipernatremia grave (> 190 mEq/l) presentan elevada mortalidad y/o secuelas neurológicas importantes.

El primer caso es una niña de 7 años con insuficiencia renal aguda en tratamiento con hemodiafiltración venovenosa continua que presentó hipernatremia de 216 mEq/l por preparación incorrecta del líquido de diálisis. Fue tratada con hemodiafiltración que se corrigió en 48 h. Presentó una crisis convulsiva aislada sin alteraciones neurológicas posteriores. La segunda paciente, una niña de 3 años con seudohipoaldosteronismo tipo I y encefalopatía, present hipernatremia de 203 mEq/l debida a administración errónea de sodio, que se corrigió en 36 h con fluidoterapia intravenosa. Tras el tratamiento presenta un estado neurológico similar al previo.

Concluimos que los niños con hipernatremia grave pueden sobrevivir sin secuelas neurológicas, con un tratamiento que consiga un descenso progresivo de la natremia.

Palabras clave:
Hipernatremia
Alteraciones neurológicas
Niños
Hemodiafiltración

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disturbance most frequently caused by excess water loss and less frequently by increased sodium intake. The few reported cases of severe hypernatremia (> 190 mEq/l) had an adverse outcome with high mortality and/or severe neurologic sequelae.

The first case was a 7-year-old girl with renal failure undergoing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration therapy who presented hypernatremia (216 mEq/l) after incorrect preparation of dialysis fluid. The patient was treated with hemodiafiltration and hypernatremia was resolved in 48 hours. She had a convulsive crisis without subsequent neurologic impairment. The second patient, a 3-year-old girl with pseudohypoaldosteronism type I and encephalopathy, had hypernatremia (203 mEq/l) due to erroneous sodium administration, which was corrected in 36 hours with intravenous fluid therapy. Her neurologic status was unchanged by treatment.

We conclude that children with extreme hypernatremia survive without neurologic sequelae if treatment achieves a progressive decrease of natremia.

Key words:
Hypernatremia
Neurologic impairment
Children
Hemodiafiltration
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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