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Vol. 58. Issue 3.
Pages 228-231 (1 March 2003)
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Vol. 58. Issue 3.
Pages 228-231 (1 March 2003)
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Gentamicina en dosis única diaria frente a tres dosis diarias en lactantes con pielonefritis aguda
Once-daily gentamicin dosing versusthrice-daily dosing in infants with acute pyelonephritis
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C. Calvo Reya,
Corresponding author
ccalvo@mi.madritel.es

Correspondencia: Viento, 5, 5.º A. 28760 Tres Cantos. Madrid. España.
, B. García Díazb, V. Nebreda Péreza, M.L. García Garcíaa, A.I. Maderuelo Sáncheza, M.L. Cilleruelo Pascuala, C. García Lacallec
a Servicios de Pediatría (Unidad de Lactantes), Hospital Severo Ochoa. Madrid. España
b Servicios de Farmacia Hospital Severo Ochoa. Madrid. España
c Servicios de Bioquímica Hospital Severo Ochoa. Madrid. España
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Antecedentes

La gentamicina en dosis única diaria se considera un tratamiento seguro y eficaz en adultos para las infecciones por gérmenes gramnegativos. Existen escasos datos en la literatura que justifiquen su uso en lactantes.

Objetivos

Comparar la eficacia del tratamiento de la pielonefritis aguda en lactantes con gentamicina en única dosis diaria (UDD) frente a la pauta clásica de tres dosis diarias (TDD).

Métodos

Estudio cuasi experimental en el que se compara el grupo de intervención tratado con gentamicina en UDD frente a una cohorte histórica de niños tratados con TDD. Se analizan leucocitosis, proteína C reactiva (PCR), creatinina,dosis de gentamicina, niveles pico y valle, tiempo necesario para la desaparición de la fiebre y evolución clínica.

Resultados

Se estudian 58 lactantes con edades entre 1 y 20 meses.Veinticinco de ellos recibieron gentamicina TDD y 33 gentamicina UDD. La dosis de gentamicina en el grupo TDD fue algo superior que en el tratado con UDD (6,4 6 1,14 mg/kg/día y 5,06 6 0,22 mg/kg/día, respectivamente; p < 0,001). El nivel pico de gentamicina fue supe-rior en el grupo UDD (9,32 6 1,4 mg/ml) que en el grupo TDD (5,09 6 1,15 mg/ml) con p < 0,0001. Los niveles valle fueron inferiores en el grupo UDD que en TDD (0,23 6 0,26 mg/ml frente a 0,78 6 0,45 mg/ml, respectivamente; p 5 0,001). No se encontraron diferencias en el tiempo necesario para la desaparición de la fiebre;30,64 6 32 h en el grupo TDD y 28,57 6 32 h en el grupo UDD. Los valores de creatinina durante el tratamiento fueron normales en ambos grupos. La evolución fue buena en todos los pacientes y no se observaron efectos secundarios.

Conclusiones

El tratamiento con gentamicina en UDD en nuestra población de lactantes con pielonefritis aguda es tan eficaz como el TDD tradicional y, posiblemente, igual o incluso más seguro.

Palabras clave:
Gentamicina
Lactantes
Pielonefritis aguda
Background

Once-daily dosing (ODD) of gentamicin is advocated as an effective and safe treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections in adults. There are insufficient data in the liter-ature to justify its use in infants.

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of ODD of gentamicin with that of classical thrice-daily (t.i.d.) administration in infants with acute pyelonephritis.

Methods

We performed a quasi-experimental study comparing 33 infants who received ODD of gentamicin with a histor-ical control group of 25 infants treated with gentamicin t.i.d. Leukocytosis, C-reactive protein, creatinine, gentamicin dose, peak and trough values, time required for disappearance of fever, and outcome were analyzed.

Results

The mean doses of gentamicin (mg/kg/day) were higher in the t.i.d. group (6.4 6 1.14) than in the ODD group (5.06 6 0.22; p< 0.001). Peak serum gentamicin concentrations (µg/ml) were significantly higher in the ODD group (9.32 6 1.4) than in the t.i.d. group (5.09 6 1.15; p < 0.001). Mean trough gentamicin concentrations (µg/ml) were lower in the ODD group than in the t.i.d. group (0.23 6 0.26 vs 0.78 6 0.45; p 5 0.001). There were no significant differences in the duration of fever between the groups (30.64 6 32 hours in the t.i.d. group vs. 28.57 6 32 hours in the ODD group). Serum creatinine levels were normal during treatment in both groups. In all patients outcome was good and no adverse effects were noted.

Conclusions

Treatment with ODD of gentamicin in our population of infants with acute pyelonephritis was as effective as tra-ditional administration t.i.d. and possibly was equally safe or safer.

Key words:
Gentamicin
Infants
Acute pyelonephritis
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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