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Vol. 54. Issue 5.
Pages 439-443 (1 May 2001)
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Vol. 54. Issue 5.
Pages 439-443 (1 May 2001)
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Función suprarrenal en niños con sepsis y shock séptico
Adrenal function in children with sepsis and septic shock
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10301
E. García Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
EMIGAGA@santandersupernet.com

Correspondencia: Fray Luis de León, 2, 1.° D izqda. 18004 Granada.
, G. Milano Mansoa, J.P. López Siguerob, E. Valls Morenoc, C. Calvo Macíasa
a Unidades de. Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos
b Endocrinología Pediátrica. Complejo Hospitalario Carlos Haya. Málaga
c Ecografía Pediátrica. Complejo Hospitalario Carlos Haya. Málaga
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Objetivos

Estudiar la función suprarrenal en niños con sepsis y shock séptico asociados a petequias. Establecer la relación entre insuficiencia suprarrenal e imagen ecográfica de hemorragia suprarrenal bilateral masiva y otras variables disponibles precozmente.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo observacional de 24 pacientes (14 varones) de 2,9 ± 2,4 años ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos con sepsis y shock séptico asociados a petequias en un período de 1,5 años. El grupo control incluyó 26 niños sanos (13 varones) de 8,8 ± 4,2 años. Se determinaron el cortisol y la hormona corticotropa (ACTH) mediante radioinmunoanálisis (RIA) en plasma y se realizó ecografía de suprarrenales.

Resultados

Los valores de cortisol y ACTH fueron 243,7 ng/ml y 135,0 pg/ml en el grupo estudiado y 145,4 ng/ml y 21,1 pg/ml en el control (p < 0,01 en ambos). Presentaron insuficiencia suprarrenal 4 pacientes. El grupo de pacientes con insuficiencia frente al grupo con función suprarrenal adecuada se caracterizó por requerir siempre noradrenalina (4/4 frente a 2/20), presentar más frecuentemente exantema necrótico (2/4 frente a 2/20) y hemorragia suprarrenal masiva (2/3 frente a 1/20), cifra inferior de plaquetas (69.500 frente a 212.895/µl), menor actividad de protrombina (19,0 frente a 49,2 %), menor fibrinogenemia (51,2 frente a 304,4 mg/dl), mayor puntuación en el sistema PRISM III (11,7 frente a 2,7) y mayor mortalidad (3/4 frente a 1/20).

Conclusiones

Los niños con sepsis y shock séptico presentan concentraciones plasmáticas de cortisol y ACTH elevadas. Una escasa proporción presenta insuficiencia suprarrenal. La aparición de insuficiencia suprarrenal se relaciona con presencia de grave afectación hemodinámica, púrpura necrótica, coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID), hemorragia suprarrenal bilateral masiva y alta mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
Corteza suprarrenal
Insuficiencia suprarrenal
Sepsis
Shock séptico
Niños
Objectives

To assess adrenal function in children with sepsis and septic shock with petechiae and to investigate the possible relationship between adrenal hypofunction, sonographic diagnosis of massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, and other factors available early in this disturbance.

Patients and methods

Prospective observational study of 24 patients (14 boys, 10 girls), aged 2.9 ± 2.4 years, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with sepsis and septic shock with petechiae during a 1.5-year period. The control group included 26 healthy children (13 boys, 13 girls), aged 8.8 ± 4.2 years. Plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured by radioimmunoassay and adrenal ultrasonography was performed.

Results

Plasma cortisol and ACTH levels were 243.7 ng/ml and 135.0 pg/ml in the patient group and 145.4 ng/ml and 21.1 pg/ml in the control group (p < 0.01 in both). Adrenal insufficiency was found in four patients. Children with insufficiency more frequently required noradrenaline than did those with normal adrenal function (4/4 vs 2/20). Necrotic purpura (2/4 vs 2/20), massive adrenal hemorrhage (2/3 vs 1/20), lower platelet count (69.500 vs 212.895/µl), lower prothrombin activity (19.0 vs 49.2 %), lower fibrinogenemia (51.2 vs 304,4 mg/dl), higher pediatric risk of mortality III (PRISM III) scores (11.7 vs 2.7) and higher mortality rate (3/4 vs 1/20) were found in children with adrenal insufficiency than in those with normal adrenal function.

Conclusions

Plasma cortisol and ACTH levels were increased in children with sepsis and septic shock. Adrenal insufficiency was uncommon. Adrenal insufficiency was associated with severe hemodynamic failure, necrotic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and high mortality rate.

Key words:
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal gland hypofunction
Sepsis
Septic shock
Children
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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