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Vol. 55. Issue 5.
Pages 421-428 (1 November 2001)
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Vol. 55. Issue 5.
Pages 421-428 (1 November 2001)
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Fibrobroncoscopia pediátrica. Análisis de una década
Pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Analysis of a decade
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9669
E. Pérez-Ruiza,
Corresponding author
neumologiahmi@hch.sas.cica.es

Correspondencia: Nisau, 5. 29018 Málaga
, J. Pérez-Fríasa, B. Martínez-Gonzálezb, T. Martínez-Arána, G. Milano-Mansoc, A. Martínez-Valverdea
a Unidad de Neumología Infantil Departamento de Pediatría
b Departamento de Anatomía Patológica
c Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital Materno-Infantil Carlos Haya. Málaga
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Objetivo

Estudiar la contribución de los progresivos avances en fibrobroncoscopia al tratamiento de los trastornos respiratorios del niño.

Métodos

A lo largo de 10 años se han realizado 536 fibrobroncoscopias en 433 niños de edades comprendidas entre 5 días y 14 años, bajo sedación y anestesia local. Prospectivamente se recogieron datos sobre la sintomatología del paciente, enfermedades subyacentes, indicaciones, sedación, instrumentación, hallazgos y complicaciones, y almacenados posteriormente en una base de datos para su análisis.

Resultados

Tenían enfermedad subyacente 300 niños (69,3%). Las indicaciones más frecuentes de fibrobroncoscopia fueron las siguientes: atelectasia persistente (n = 166), estridor (n = 134), tuberculosis (n = 66), sospecha de cuerpo extraño (n = 61), sibilancias persistentes (n = 55), síndrome de lóbulo medio (n = 47), neumonías oportunistas (n = 41). Los procedimientos fueron realizados en hospital de día en 178 casos. Se realizaron 147 lavados broncoalveolares, 10 biopsias bronquiales y 8 broncografías selectivas. Se detectaron alteraciones de las vías respiratorias en 447 exploraciones (83,4 %) y se identificaron 32 microorganismos con responsabilidad etiológica. En 13 casos, los studios citológicos de las muestras obtenidas orientaron el diagnóstico de la enfermedad pulmonar no infecciosa responsable. Se hicieron 54 indicaciones terapéuticas (10,1 %), siendo las más destacadas: aspiración de secreciones bronquiales (n = 31), extracción de cuerpos extraños (n = 6), intubación selectiva (n = 5), dilatación con balón de estenosis bronquial (n = 2). Se obtuvo un rendimiento diagnóstico-terapéutico en 391 procedimientos (72,9 %).

Conclusión

La fibrobroncoscopia es una técnica de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico y orientación de la enfermedad respiratoria pediátrica, aunque hoy día la broncoscopia rígida la aventaja como instrumento terapéutico.

Palabras clave:
Broncoscopia
Fibrobroncoscopia
Niños
Objective

To review the contribution of new advances in flexible bronchoscopy to the management of respiratory problems in children.

Methods

Over a 10-year-period, 536 flexible bronchoscopies were performed under sedation and local anesthesia in 433 children aged from 5 days to 14 years. Data on symptomatology, underlying diseases, indications, sedation, instrumentation, findings and complications were prospectively collected and stored in a database for later analysis.

Results

Underlying disease was found in 300 children (69.3 %). The most common indications for flexible bronchoscopy were persistent atelectasis (n 5 166), stridor (n 5 134), tuberculosis (n 5 66), suspected foreign body (n 5 61), persistent wheezing (n 5 55), middle lobe syndrome (n 5 47) and opportunistic pneumonias (n 5 41). In 178 patients the procedures were performed on an outpatient basis. One hundred forty-seven bronchoalveolar lavages, 10 bronchial biopsies, and 8 selective bronchographies were performed. Airway anomalies were found in 447 procedures (83.4 %) and 32 pathogenic organisms were identified. In 13 patients cytological study of the samples obtained guided the diagnosis of noninfectious lung disease. Therapeutic interventions were performed in 54 (10.1 %) flexible bronchoscopies. The most important of these were aspiration of bronchial secretions (n 5 31), removal of foreign bodies (n 5 6), selective intubation (n 5 5), and balloon dilatation of bronchial stenosis (n 5 2). The procedure was diagnostically or therapeutically useful in 391 procedures (79.2 %).

Conclusion

Although rigid bronchoscopy is currently the procedure of choice in most therapeutic interventions, flexible bronchoscopy is very useful in improving airway exploration and understanding of respiratory disorders in children.

Key words:
Bronchoscopy
Flexible bronchoscope
Children
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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