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Vol. 56. Issue 3.
Pages 204-207 (1 March 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 3.
Pages 204-207 (1 March 2002)
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Factores predictivos de eficacia en las profilaxis antimicrobianas para la otitis media aguda de repetición
Predictive Factors of Efficacy in Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Acute Recurrent Otitis Media
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M.aP. Prim Espadaa,
Corresponding author
jidediegompprim@retemail.es

Correspondencia: Dra. M.aP. Prim Espada. Arzobispo Morcillo, 12, 1° C. 28029 Madrid.
, J.I. De Diego Sastrea, C. Alfonso Carrilloa
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
N. Sastre Baticonb
b Unidad de Investigación (Bioestadística). Hospital Universitario La Paz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
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Objetivo

Estudiar los factores pronósticos que puedan influir en el resultado de las pautas antibióticas usadas para la otitis media aguda de repetición (OMAR).

Material y métodos

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo sobre 69 pacientes con OMAR evaluados entre enero de 1998 y mayo de 1999 en la Sección de Otorrinolaringología Infantil del Hospital Universitario de La Paz, a los que se les realizó profilaxis. En todos los casos se registraron 17 variables pronósticas que influían en el resultado del tratamiento: edad, sexo, antecedentes familiares de OMAR, historia de prematuridad, de alergias, asistencia a guardería, fumadores en la familia, tabaquismo materno, coincidencia con erupción dentaria, historial de síntomas relacionados con obstrucción de la vía respiratoria superior (ronquido, respiración oral y amígdalas obstructivas), número de amigdalitis al año, edad a la que tuvo la primera otitis media aguda, estación del año en que se comienza la profilaxis y características de la alimentación neonatal (materna o artificial, y posición).

resultados

La media de edad resultó ser de 35,3 meses (límites, 9-120 meses). Treinta y ocho eran niños (55,1 %) y 31 niñas (44,9%). Los factores relacionados con una mejor respuesta al tratamiento resultaron ser la edad temprana en el primer episodio de otitis media aguda (p = 0,004) y los antecedentes familiares positivos de OMAR (p = 0,047).

Conclusiones

Los niños que se benefician más de las pautas antimicrobianas para la prevención de la OMAR son los que tienen su primer episodio a edad más temprana y los que tienen antecedentes familiares positivos de OMAR.

Palabras clave:
Otitis media aguda de repetición
Profilaxis
Factores pronósticos
Objective

A prospective study was designed to assess the most relevant prognostic factors influencing outcome in children treated with antibiotics for recurrent acute otitis media (AOM).

Materials and methods

A prospective study was performed in 69 patients with recurrent AOM who received prophylactic treatment in the Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Section of our hospital between January 1998 and May 1999. In all patients, 17 variables were registered: age, sex, family history of recurrent AOM, history of prematurity, history of allergies, use of day care centers, household smokers, maternal smoking, coincidence with dental eruption, symptoms of upper respiratory obstruction (snoring, breathing through the mouth, obstructive tonsils), episodes of tonsillitis per year, age at first AOM episode, season in which prophylaxis was started, and characteristics of neonatal feeding (breast or bottle feeding and position).

Results

The mean age was 35.3 months (range: 9-120 months). There were 38 boys (55.1%) and 31 girls (44.9%). The fac-tors related to a more favorable response to treatment were lower age at the first AOM episode (p = 0.004) and a positive family history of AOM (p = 0.047).

Conclusions

The children that benefitted most from the prophylactic schedules for recurrent AOM were those that had the first episode at an earlier age and who had a positive family history of the disease.

Key words:
Recurrent acute otitis media
Prophylaxis
Prognostic factors
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