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Vol. 59. Issue 6.
Pages 559-564 (1 December 2003)
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Vol. 59. Issue 6.
Pages 559-564 (1 December 2003)
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Factores determinantes de la elevación de la uremia en los primeros días de vida en recién nacidos con menos de 30 semanas de gestación
Determinants Of Uremia Elevation In The First Days Of Life In Premature Infants Born At Less Than 30 Weeks Of Gestation
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G. Bustos Lozano
Corresponding author
gbustos.hdoc@salud.madrid.org

Correspondencia: Dr. G. Bustos Lozano. Servicio de Neonatología. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Avda. Andalucía, km 5,4. 28041 Madrid. España
, C. Orbea Gallardo, S. Fernández de Miguel, M.aC. Muñoz Labián, M. López Maestro, M. Moral Pumarega
Servicio de Neonatología. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España
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Objetivo

Encontrar los determinantes asociados con elevación de la uremia en los primeros días de vida en prematuros muy inmaduros.

Métodos

Estudio prospectivo de una cohorte de recién nacidos con menos de 30 semanas de gestación.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 48 prematuros nacidos vivos, de los que 10 fallecieron. Los aportes medios de líquidos fueron 55, 72, 88 y 124 ml/kg en el primer, segundo, tercer y séptimo días de vida. El aporte de aminoácidos en los primeros 2 días fue escaso y no se relacionó con la uremia. El 31% presentaron hipernatremia. En 31 prematuros se obtuvo la uremia entre el quinto y el décimo día de vida. Se encontraron 12 (38,7%) con valores de 100 mg/dl o superiores, sin elevación de la creatininemia. Todos ellos tuvieron menos de 27 semanas de gestación, menos de 850 g al nacer, mayor pérdida de peso (19,2% frente a 13,8 %; p = 0,037) y mayor natremia máxima (150,2 mEq/l frente a 146,6 mEq/l; p = 0,023). El uso de furosemida aumentó el riesgo de uremia elevada (riesgo relativo [RR], 2,54; intervalo de confianza del 95 % [IC 95 %], 1,05-6,14).

Conclusiones

La uremia total de 100 mg/dl o superior se relacionó con determinantes asociados con excesiva pérdida precoz de agua libre, como mayor pérdida de peso, mayor natremia máxima, uso de furosemida, menor gestación y menor peso al nacer.

Palabras clave:
Prematuridad
Alimentación parenteral
Urea
Hipernatremia
Deshidratación
Furosemida
Objective

To identify the determinants associated with uremia elevation in the first days of life in extremely premature infants.

Methods

We performed a prospective cohort study in a cohort of neonates born at less than 30 weeks of gestation.

Results

Forty-eight preterm infants were included, of which 10 died. The mean fluid administration was 55, 72, 88 and 124 mL/kg on the first, second, third and seventh days of life. Amino acid doses were low in the first two days of life and were unrelated to uremia elevation. Thirty-one percent of the infants presented hypernatremia. Uremia was measured in 31 infants between the fifth and tenth days of life and 12 infants (38.7 %) had uremia values of 100 mg/dL or higher, without creatinine elevation. All of these infants were born at less than 27 weeks of gestation, weighed less than 850 grams at birth, and showed greater weight loss (19.2% vs. 13.8%; p = 0.037) and higher natremia (150.2 mEq/L vs. 146.6 mEq/L; p = 0.023). The use of furosemide increased the risk of elevated uremia (relative risk: 2.54; 95 % confidence interval: 1.05 – 6.14).

Conclusions

Total uremia of 100 mg/dL or higher was associated with dehydration, greater weight loss, higher natremia, furosemide use, lower gestational age, and lower birth weight.

Key works:
remature newborn
Parenteral nutrition
Urea
Hypernatremia
Dehydration
Furosemide
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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