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Vol. 61. Issue 2.
Pages 137-142 (1 August 2004)
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Vol. 61. Issue 2.
Pages 137-142 (1 August 2004)
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Estudio de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de las infecciones respiratorias por adenovirus en una población infantil (1997-2003)
Study of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory infections caused by adenovirus in a pediatric population (1997-2003)
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J. Reinaa,
Corresponding author
jreina@hsd.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Virología. Servicio de Microbiología Clínica. Hospital Universitario Son Dureta. Andrea Doria, 55. 07014 Palma de Mallorca. España
, F. Ferresb, O. Gutiérreza, E. Ruiz de Gopeguia, M. González-Cárdenasa
a Unidad de Virología. Servicio de Microbiología Clínica
b Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Son Dureta. Palma de Mallorca. España
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Introducción

Las infecciones por adenovirus son muy prevalentes en la edad infantil. Las infecciones respiratorias presentan unas manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas que obligan al empleo de métodos virológicos para el establecimiento de su etiología. Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo sobre las características clínicas y virológicas de los pacientes con aislamiento de adenovirus en muestras respiratorias

Material y métodos

Durante el período 1997–2003 se estudiaron 5.746 muestras respiratorias pediátricas (< 15 años) de las cuales 2.122 (36,9 %) fueron consideradas positivas. Los adenovirus se aislaron en cultivo celular utilizando la línea Hep-2 y cultivo tipo shell vial

Resultados

En 100 muestras se pudo aislar adenovirus (4,7 % de las muestras positivas y 1,7 % de todas las muestras) presentando los pacientes una edad media de 14 meses. El diagnóstico clínico de los pacientes fue de bronquiolitis (61%), neumonía (10 %), tos pertussoide (16 %) y crisis asmática (11%). Las infecciones por adenovirus se han presentado preferentemente entre los meses de diciembre y marzo. El 72 % de los pacientes presentaban antecedentes previos de otras infecciones virales respiratorias o manifestaciones clínicas de asma bronquial. Ningún paciente presentó conjuntivitis y sólo en cinco se detectó diarrea causada por adenovirus. El 70 % de los pacientes habían recibido lactancia artificial y el 30 %, lactancia materna. El 90 % de los pacientes precisaron ingreso hospitalario, y fueron tratados preferentemente con broncodilatadores y antibióticos

Conclusiones

Las infecciones respiratorias por adenovirus se presentan preferentemente en pacientes menores de 14 meses, durante el primer cuatrimestre del año, y presentan manifestaciones de bronquiolitis o neumonía sin conjuntivitis, difícilmente diferenciables de las ocasionadas por otros virus respiratorios

Palabras clave:
Adenovirus
Infecciones respiratorias
Epidemiología
Introduction

Infections due to adenoviruses are highly prevalent in pediatric patients. Because the clinical manifestations of the respiratory infections caused by adenoviruses are indistinguishable from those caused by other respiratory viruses, virological methods are required to establish their etiology. We present a retrospective study of the clinical and virological characteristics of patients with isolation of adenovirus in respiratory samples

Material and methods

From 1997 to 2003 we analyzed 5,746 respiratory samples from pediatric patients (< 15 years old), of which 2,122 (36.9 %) were considered positive. The adenoviruses were isolated in the Hep-2 cell line culture by the shell vial method

Results

Adenovirus was isolated in 100 clinical samples (4.7 % of all positive samples and 1.7 % of all samples studied) in a group of pediatric patients with a mean age of 14 months. The clinical diagnoses of patients were bronchiolitis (61 %), pneumonia (10 %), pertussis-like syndrome (16%) and asthmatic crisis (11 %). Adenovirus infections mainly presented between December and March. Seventy-two percent of patients had a history of other viral respiratory tract infections and/or bronchial asthma. None of the patients had clinical conjunctivitis and only five patients had diarrhea due to adenoviruses. Seventy percent of the patients received artificial feeding and 30 % were breast-fed. Ninety percent of the patients were hospitalized and treatment mainly consisted of bronchodilator agents and antibiotics

Conclusion

Respiratory tract infections caused by adenoviruses mainly affected patients aged less than 14 months, in the first four months of the year, and with clinical manifestations of bronchiolitis or pneumonia without conjunctivitis. Clinically, these infections are difficult to differentiate from other viral respiratory infections

Key words:
Adenovirus
Respiratory tract infections
Epidemiology
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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