Images in Paediatrics
Uncommon cause of unilateral paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve
Causa infrecuente de parálisis unilateral del nervio hipogloso
Sandra Maeso-Méndez
, Eider Jauregui Benito, Miriam Gendive Martín, Concepción Salado Marín
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Planta de Hospitalización, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Araba, Sede Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
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"detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Deviation of the tongue to the right on protrusion.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a boy aged 3 years with abrupt onset of lateral deviation of the tongue to the right on protrusion and difficulty chewing, without swallowing difficulties. There was no known preceding trauma. The physical examination revealed isolated paralysis of the right hypoglossal nerve (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neuroimaging scans showed bone abnormalities at the level of the craniovertebral junction and the cervical and dorsal spine (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>), suggestive of Klippel-Feil syndrome, which would explain the clinical presentation. This congenital syndrome is characterised by fusion of cervical and dorsal vertebrae and it may be associated with other malformations and neurologic abnormalities.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient remains clinically stable.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypoglossal nerve paralysis is rare in the paediatric population, and it is characterised by ipsilateral deviation of the tongue on protrusion and changes in the oral phase of swallowing.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aetiological diagnosis is complicated and requires knowledge of the nerve’s course. It arises from the brainstem, travels in relation to the atlanto-occipital joint and exits the skull through a canal in the anterior occipital condyle. It passes by the internal carotid artery and enters the floor of the mouth to innervate the muscles of the tongue.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hypoglossal nerve paralysis is caused by tumours or has an iatrogenic or idiopathic aetiology in most cases,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> and it is rarely caused by trauma,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> vascular lesions or congenital anomalies such as Arnold-Chiari malformation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-11-19" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-02-13" "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1169 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 82626 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Deviation of the tongue to the right on protrusion.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 964 "Ancho" => 1005 "Tamanyo" => 101989 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Computed tomography of the skull and cervical spine: stenosis of the foramen magnum (white arrow), right-sided atlanto-occipital assimilation (blue arrows) and partial fusing of several vertebrae (green arrows).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Etiología de la parálisis del nervio hipogloso. Revisión sistemática" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Vicente-Pascual" 1 => "Y. Gallego-Sánchez" 2 => "D. Vázquez-Justes" 3 => "L. Andreu-Mencía" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev ORL." "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "12" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "46" "paginaFinal" => "53" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Parálisis idiopática y unilateral del nervio hipogloso" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Ibarra" 1 => "A. Jaureguiberry" 2 => "G. Moretta" 3 => "G. Lazzarini" 4 => "R. Ceruzzi" 5 => "E. Reich" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Medicina." 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