Extrauterine growth restriction among neonates with a birthweight less than 1500 grams

array:25 ["pii" => "S2341287918301650" "issn" => "23412879" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2018.02.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01" "aid" => "2387" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría" "copyrightAnyo" => "2017" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2018;89:325-32" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1490 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 141 "HTML" => 1017 "PDF" => 332 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S1695403318300559" "issn" => "16954033" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.02.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01" "aid" => "2387" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2018;89:325-32" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4516 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 164 "HTML" => 3358 "PDF" => 994 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original" "titulo" => "Restricción del crecimiento extrauterino en recién nacidos de menos de 1.500 gramos de peso al nacer☆" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "325" "paginaFinal" => "332" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Extrauterine growth restriction among neonates with a birthweight less than 1,500grams" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figura 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 949 "Ancho" => 1583 "Tamanyo" => 86865 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Evolución de los valores de z-score de peso al nacimiento, al alta de cuidados intensivos (UCIN) y al alta hospitalaria." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Alejandro Avila-Alvarez, Alfonso Solar Boga, Carmen Bermúdez-Hormigo, Jesús Fuentes Carballal" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alejandro" "apellidos" => "Avila-Alvarez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alfonso" "apellidos" => "Solar Boga" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carmen" "apellidos" => "Bermúdez-Hormigo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jesús" "apellidos" => "Fuentes Carballal" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2341287918301650" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2018.02.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287918301650?idApp=UINPBA00005H" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403318300559?idApp=UINPBA00005H" "url" => "/16954033/0000008900000006/v1_201812020610/S1695403318300559/v1_201812020610/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S2341287918301698" "issn" => "23412879" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2018.02.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01" "aid" => "2385" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2018;89:333-43" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1021 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 117 "HTML" => 665 "PDF" => 239 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original Article" "titulo" => "Emergency department consultations associated with unintentional injuries: A cases series" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "333" "paginaFinal" => "343" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Consultas relacionadas con lesiones no intencionadas en urgencias en España: serie de casos" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1203 "Ancho" => 2126 "Tamanyo" => 152798 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Distribution of unintentional injuries by age and sex. Percentages for injuries are indicated by age rounded to age at latest birthday." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Cristina Arribas Sánchez, Eduardo J. Bardón Cancho, Arístides Rivas García, Santiago Mintegi, Rafael Marañón Pardillo" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cristina" "apellidos" => "Arribas Sánchez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo J." "apellidos" => "Bardón Cancho" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Arístides" "apellidos" => "Rivas García" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Santiago" "apellidos" => "Mintegi" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rafael" "apellidos" => "Marañón Pardillo" ] 5 => array:1 [ "colaborador" => "Observatory group of unintentional injuries of the Research Network of the Spanish Pediatric Emergency Society (RiSeup-Sperg)" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1695403318300535" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.02.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403318300535?idApp=UINPBA00005H" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287918301698?idApp=UINPBA00005H" "url" => "/23412879/0000008900000006/v1_201812020629/S2341287918301698/v1_201812020629/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S2341287918301789" "issn" => "23412879" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2018.10.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01" "aid" => "2532" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2018;89:323-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 860 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 94 "HTML" => 515 "PDF" => 251 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Editorial" "titulo" => "Celebrating 50 years of the Anales de Pediatría: Maintaining the tradition while promoting changes" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "323" "paginaFinal" => "324" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Celebrando los 50 años de Anales de Pediatría: manteniendo la tradición mientras fomentamos el cambio" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Empar Lurbe i Ferrer, Eduardo González Pérez-Yarza, Corsino Rey Galán" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Empar" "apellidos" => "Lurbe i Ferrer" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo" "apellidos" => "González Pérez-Yarza" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Corsino" "apellidos" => "Rey Galán" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1695403318303709" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.10.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403318303709?idApp=UINPBA00005H" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287918301789?idApp=UINPBA00005H" "url" => "/23412879/0000008900000006/v1_201812020629/S2341287918301789/v1_201812020629/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original Article" "titulo" => "Extrauterine growth restriction among neonates with a birthweight less than 1500 grams" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "325" "paginaFinal" => "332" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Alejandro Avila-Alvarez, Alfonso Solar Boga, Carmen Bermúdez-Hormigo, Jesús Fuentes Carballal" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Alejandro" "apellidos" => "Avila-Alvarez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "alejandro.avila.neonatologia@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alfonso" "apellidos" => "Solar Boga" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Carmen" "apellidos" => "Bermúdez-Hormigo" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jesús" "apellidos" => "Fuentes Carballal" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Neonatología, Servicio de Pediatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Sergas, A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Sergas, A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Pediatría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Restricción del crecimiento extrauterino en recién nacidos de menos de 1500 gramos de peso al nacer" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 946 "Ancho" => 1583 "Tamanyo" => 78407 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Change in weight, length and head circumference z-scores from birth to discharge, using the 2013 Fenton charts as reference." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionWhen a baby is born very preterm, the physiological processes that would normally take place in the uterus in the third trimester instead unfold in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting. Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is just one example of the challenges faced by neonatologists in their attempt to reproduce the ideal intrauterine conditions. Although nutritional recommendations for preterm newborns are based on in utero foetal growth rates,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">1,2</a> target intakes are frequently not achieved before hospital discharge or until the newborn reaches the term date. In fact, EUGR has been described as a “universal problem,”<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">3</a> an “inevitable consequence”<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">4</a> and a “serious problem,”<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">5</a> and while some studies have shown improvements in postnatal growth in recent years with more aggressive nutritional strategies,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185">6,7</a> EUGR is still a common occurrence in neonatal units<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180">5,8,9</a> and its management remains a controversial subject.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170">3,5,10–13</a>Extrauterine growth restriction is not a merely statistical concept expressing divergence from a reference standard, but also a prognostic factor that is likely to be relevant in other areas, especially in neurologic outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225">14–16</a> Therefore, improving postnatal growth, preventing its restriction and knowing which groups are at risk and require individualised care plans can help improve long-term outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">17</a>We designed a study with the aim of establishing the incidence of EUGR in newborns with birth weights of 1500 or less using intrauterine growth curves as reference. Our secondary objective was to assess whether specific baseline characteristics (birth weight, gestational age, sex), biochemical markers (blood urea nitrogen, serum albumin and total protein) or complications during the hospital stay (enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) were associated with the severity of EUGR.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective longitudinal observational study in newborns with birth weights of 1500g or less admitted to a Level III-C neonatal unit during a 4-year period (January 2013–December 2016). We excluded newborns with multiple malformation syndromes, those that did not require admission to the NICU, those delivered in other hospitals and those for whom we could not obtain follow-up data after discharge from the NICU because they were transferred to other hospitals or died early (≤28 days).The NICU where the study was conducted has a nutritional management protocol for preterm newborns that generally adheres to current recommendations<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">1,2</a>: parenteral nutrition from day 0 with an initial protein intake of 2–2.5g/kg/day and an energy intake of approximately 40kcal/kg/day, with intake targets of 3.5–4g/kg/day of protein and 110–120kcal/kg of energy for the end of week 1, early initiation of trophic feedings, discontinuation of parenteral nutrition as soon as the newborn can tolerate 100mL/kg/day of enteral feeding, fortification of maternal milk, etc. Banked human milk was not available during the period under study, and therefore, when maternal milk was not available, patients received preterm formula. There were no significant changes in the protocol during the period under study, except for a switch to a lipid emulsion containing fish oil (SMOF Lipid®) for parenteral nutrition at the end of the first year.We collected data for anthropometric measurements (weight, length and head circumference) and calculated the corresponding z-scores and/or percentiles using the 2013 Fenton growth charts as reference.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">18</a> We defined small for gestational age (SGA) as birth weight below the 10th percentile (P10). The length and head circumference (HC) were measured at admission and at hospital discharge. The weight was measured at discharge from the NICU, at 36 weeks and at hospital discharge. Biochemical markers (blood urea nitrogen, serum total protein and serum albumin) were measured at day 15-post birth. The markers we selected to assess for the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were need for supplemental oxygen at 28 days and at 36 weeks of corrected age. We also collected data on the presence of necrotising enterocolitis (Bell stage 2 or higher) and patent ductus arteriosus.To calculate postnatal growth velocity (PGV) between 2 periods, we used the exponential method, as has been done in previous studies,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">9,19</a> applying the following formula: PGV=(1000×ln [weightfinal/weightinitial])/days.A sample size of 130 patients allows the estimation of the incidence of malnutrition based on the presence of weight below the P10 for gestational age (GA) at the time of hospital discharge with a 95% confidence level and a precision of ±7% for an assumed proportion of 75%.We performed a descriptive analysis of all the variables included in the study, summarising quantitative variables as mean±standard deviation, median and interquartile range, and qualitative variables as absolute frequency and percentage distributions. We analysed the association of qualitative variables by means of the chi square test or the Fisher exact test as appropriate. We compared means between 2 groups using the Student's t test or the Mann–Whitney U test as applicable. We compared the means of more than 2 groups using ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test. We calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient to assess the association between quantitative variables. We fit multivariate linear regression models to determine which variables could predict changes in z-score during hospitalisation, including those variables that were significant in the univariate analysis or considered clinically relevant. We performed all the analysis with the software SPSS v 24.0 for Windows.The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the competent clinical research ethics board.ResultsDuring the period under study, 163 newborns with birth weights of 1500g or less were admitted to the NICU, of whom we excluded those born in other hospitals (n=16) and those for whom we had no follow-up data due to transfer to other hospitals (n=3) or early death (n=14). The final sample included 130 patients. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> presents the baseline characteristics of the patients and the changes in clinical and anthropometric parameters during the followup.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The prevalence of weight below the P10 was 27.7% (n=36) at admission, 66.9% (n=87) at 36 weeks of corrected age, 66.2% (n=86) at discharge from the NICU and 59.2% (n=77) at discharge from hospital.At admission, the z-scores for weight, length and HC were near zero. However, by hospital discharge the weight z-scores for weight and length had decreased by a mean of −0.85±0.79 and −1.09±0.65 points, respectively. The HC z-score remained close to 0 and even improved slightly. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> provides a graphic representation of the z-score values at each time point and their trajectory.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The period with the steepest decline in the weight z-score was the period between admission and discharge from the NICU (period 1), which was followed by a mild improvement before discharge from hospital (period 2), without full recovery of the birth values (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The mean overall weight gain during hospitalisation was 1263.6±467.7g, with a mean gain of 23.7±5.6g/day. The mean PGV was 13.9±3.8g/kg/day. The mean PGV was significantly lower in period 1 compared to period 2 (6.6±8.8 vs 16.7±3.8g/kg/day; P<.001).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> presents the blood chemistry results. Only the urea levels were significantly and negatively correlated to the weight z-score during the hospital stay (rs=−0.289, P=.001).We found that GA at birth was positively correlated to changes in weight z-score during hospitalisation, that is, greater GA corresponded to higher z-scores at discharge (rs=0.324, P<.001). Conversely, it was negatively correlated to the length of stay in the hospital (rs=−0.353, P<.001) and the length of stay in the NICU (rs=−0.178, P=.043). We did not find an association of GA at birth with the duration of oxygen therapy or of mechanical ventilation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> presents the results of the univariate analysis of the association of qualitative variables with changes in weight z-scores during the hospital stay.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The final multivariate linear regression model to predict decreases in z-score included the following variables: GA, urea level and birth weight below the P10. The only variable that was an independent predictor of decreases in z-score was the blood urea level (P<.001), with the p-value for birth weight below the P10 being close to the threshold of significance (P=.098). When we eliminated GA from the model because it was not significant, we found that both the urea level and birth weight below P10 were independent predictors of decreases in z-score. That is, higher levels (more positive levels) of urea in blood were associated with more negative values in the variable “change in z-score,” that is, with greater decreases in the z-score (P<.001), while a birth weight below the P10 was associated with lower decreases in z-score and therefore less severe EUGR (P=.013).DiscussionStrictly speaking, a decrease of any magnitude in the z-score or percentile from the time of birth entails some degree of EUGR, although in the literature EUGR is generally defined based on more or less arbitrary cut-off points, among which the most common one is weight below the P10 in foetal growth charts obtained from populations born at term. In our study of a contemporary sample of 130 newborns managed in a single neonatal unit, we found a decrease of about 1 point in the weight and length z-scores during the hospital stay, so that more than half of the newborns had weights below the P10 for GA at the time of hospital discharge. We found that EUGR resulted from a reduction in growth velocity during the stay in the NICU. Furthermore, we used linear regression to attempt to identify biochemical and clinical variables that could be associated with the decline in the weight z-score.Several studies conducted in other countries have similar findings to those of our study.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205">10,20</a> A large-scale study published in 2003 found that 34% of the 12 323 newborns delivered before 32 weeks’ gestation in the sample had weights below the P10 at the time of discharge.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">5</a> Other articles report significantly higher proportions, of up to 97% of very low birth weight newborns and up to 99% in extremely low birth weight newborns.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">21</a>Studies conducted in Spain have also provided reliable data on the frequency of EUGR, chief of which are those by Krauel et al. and by García-Muñoz et al. that used data from the SEN1500 register of newborns with birth weights of less than 1500g,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195">8,9</a> and the study by Sáenz de Pipaón et al. in a sample of newborns in a single neonatal unit.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">22</a> The 2008 study by Krauel et al. analysed a sample of 2317 newborns and found a proportion of weight below the P10 at discharge of 77%. More recently, a thorough and rigorous study led by García-Muñoz Rodrigo analysed postnatal weight gain patterns in a cohort of 4520 newborns delivered at 28 weeks or earlier and found that the weight z-score had decreased by about −1.7 by the time of discharge.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">9</a> Both are multicentre studies with large samples, which has multiple obvious advantages, but it is also likely that nutritional practices varied significantly between units.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">23</a> Single centre studies, while having intrinsic drawbacks of their own, usually have more homogeneous samples. For instance, in 2014 Sáenz de Pipaón et al. reported the results of a prospective study in a sample of 111 newborns with birth weights of less than 1500g and delivered before 34 weeks’ gestation at the Hospital La Paz de Madrid, describing a decline in the weight z-score of −0.97 in the first 5 weeks, very similar to the decline of −0.85 observed in our sample during the overall stay, despite protein and energy intakes that were very close to those currently recommended.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">22</a>In an attempt to pinpoint the origin of EUGR, we analysed the PGV during the NICU stay and during the post-NICU stay through discharge, and found that it was during the first period that growth slowed most significantly. Previous studies had already described this two-stage trend in weight, with an initial period of decreasing percentiles followed by a period of growth with velocities similar to those of intrauterine growth, but without catch-up.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">9,13,19,24,25</a> A study by Cole et al. in 5009 newborns delivered before 32 weeks’ gestation in the United Kingdom found an average weight loss of 258g with the nadir in day 8 of life, followed by weight gains of a maximum of up to a maximum of 16g/kg/day.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">19</a> This value is very similar to the one we found in our sample in period 2, of 16.7g/kg/day. In a recent study on a cohort of 981 newborns delivered before 34 weeks’ gestation with no relevant complications, Rochow et al. also found that their postnatal growth trajectory started with a reduction in z-score of −0.8 followed by a period of growth that paralleled the expected intrauterine growth trajectory.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">13</a>This initial weight loss seems to be independent of energy and protein intake and probably reflects only water losses,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">7</a> which has led some authors to propose applying the target percentile curve after the initial weight loss, as opposed to from birth.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">7,9,19</a> Other authors consider a drop of −0.7 points in the z-score from birth to day 3 “obligatory”.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">26</a>Taking into account the limitations of anthropometric references, we believe it would be very useful to identify a laboratory marker allowing a more accurate assessment of nutritional status.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">27,28</a> Since weight gain depends at least in part on protein intake,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">4,22,29</a> investigation of the protein status seems particularly attractive. For this reason, routine measurement of serum protein and albumin levels has been recommended as part of the nutritional status evaluation of very low birth weight newborns,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">27</a> although we did not find an association between these variables and EUGR in our study. Urea, a product of protein catabolism, has been used traditionally to monitor protein intake, although this practice has also been questioned.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305">30,31</a> Very few studies have specifically analysed the association between serum urea levels and nutritional variables.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">28</a> In our study, in the absence of reliable retrospective data on the daily protein intake, we established an initial hypothesis that higher urea levels would be indicative of a greater protein intake, and therefore associated with milder EUGR. However, higher urea levels were associated with a steeper decrease in the weight z-score (more negative values in the “z-score change” variable). This finding probably reflects the fact that urea levels are affected by hydration status, renal function and catabolic activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">27</a> Thus, an increase in catabolism associated with greater immaturity and the extracellular fluid loss characteristic of the first days of life could explain the greater elevation of urea in patients with more severe EUGR. In fact, an association between the degree of immaturity and the decline in z-scores has been described in the past.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170">3,22</a>The clinical relevance of the association between urea levels at 15 days of life with greater severity of EUGR is debatable, for while the association of the values was statistically significant, most of the urea level values were within ranges that could be considered normal in newborns (the interquartile range in the overall sample was 10–21mg/dL), which was even the case in the group of newborns with weights below the P10 at discharge. However, we think that our finding underscores the need to investigate in detail the association between the protein status and postnatal growth.In our sample, we found that SGA newborns had milder EUGR, as described by other authors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180">5,8,10,24</a> To be sure, many of these newborns continued to have a low weight for age at hospital discharge, but what we analysed in our study was the association between SGA and decreases in z-score during hospitalisation, and not only weight below the P10 at discharge. Senterre and Rigo reported that with the implementation of an aggressive nutrition protocol, the change in z-score during hospitalisation in newborns with appropriate weight for GA was of −0.37±0.57, while in SGA newborns it remained unchanged (0.18±0.52).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">26</a> Whether this reflects an adaptive process of foetuses with intrauterine growth restriction, differences in the management of the newborns, changes in body composition or to other factors remains to be determined.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">24</a>There are limitations to this study. The main limitations have to do with its retrospective design, which precluded the collection of reliable data on the administration of fluids and nutritional management, especially in regard to protein intake. In addition, the low incidence of some of the most severe comorbidities (enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus requiring surgery) limited the power of the study to identify significant associations with EUGR. Last of all, all weight, HC and length measurements were performed in a single unit, but without application of a pre-established standardised procedure. With over 1000 measurements included in the study, we believe that the effects of potential measurement errors are probably attenuated.In conclusion, EUGR continues to be a frequent feature at the time of hospital discharge, observed in more than half of newborns with birth weights of 1500g or less. Extrauterine growth restriction develops between birth and discharge from the NICU.Infants born SGA also frequently have body weights below the 10th percentile at the time of discharge, but they seem to have EUGR less frequently. We found a negative correlation between urea levels at 15 days post birth and weight gain. Although it is difficult to draw conclusions relevant to clinical practice from this finding, this association should be analysed for confirmation in future prospective studies aimed at studying the relationship between protein status and weight gain.Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1122235" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1057107" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1122234" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1057106" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-12-08" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-02-05" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1057107" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Growth retardation" 1 => "Premature infants" 2 => "Postnatal growth" 3 => "Very low birth weight infant" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1057106" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Retraso del crecimiento" 1 => "Recién nacido prematuro" 2 => "Crecimiento posnatal" 3 => "Recién nacido de muy bajo peso" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionGrowth restriction in preterm infants has been related to a poor neurodevelopment outcome. ObjectivesTo define the incidence of postnatal growth restriction in premature babies ≤1500 g and to detect related clinical or biochemical markers. MethodsRetrospective longitudinal observational study. Multivariate linear regression models were used to determine variables that can predict the change in weight z-score during admission. ResultsThe study included 130 patients with a mean birthweight of 1161±251g and a gestational age of 29.9±2.5 weeks. At hospital discharge, 59.2% had a weight below P10. During admission, the z-scores of weight and length decreased by −0.85±0.79 and −1.09±0.65, respectively. The largest decrease in z-score occurred during NICU admission, with a weight gain rate of 6.6±8.8g/kg/day, after which growth acceleration took place (16.7±3.8g/kg/day), but was insufficient to catch-up. Higher levels of urea were negatively correlated with the change in the z-score of weight (P<.001), and a weightP=.013). ConclusionsMore than half of newborns ≤1500g have a weight at discharge of" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "IntroducciónLa restricción al crecimiento en recién nacidos prematuros se ha relacionado con un peor neurodesarrollo a largo plazo. ObjetivosDefinir la incidencia de la restricción del crecimiento posnatal en prematuros ≤1500gramos y detectar qué marcadores clínicos o bioquímicos se relacionan con la misma. MétodosEstudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal multivariante para determinar qué variables permiten predecir el cambio en el z-score de peso durante el ingreso. ResultadosSe incluyeron 130 pacientes, con un peso medio al nacer de 1161±251g y una edad gestacional de 29,9±2,5 semanas. Al alta hospitalaria el 59,2% tenía un peso<P10. Durante el ingreso los z-score de peso y longitud descendieron una media de –0,85±0,79 y –1,09±0,65, respectivamente. El mayor descenso del z-score se produjo en UCIN, con una velocidad de ganancia ponderal de 6,6±8,8g/kg/día, tras lo cual tuvo lugar una aceleración del crecimiento (16,7±3,8g/kg/día) insuficiente para realizar catch-up. Niveles más altos de urea se correlacionaron negativamente con el cambio en el z-score de peso (p<0,001) y el peso<P10 al nacer lo hizo de forma positiva (p=0,013). ConclusionesMás de la mitad de los recién nacidos ≤1.500g presentan un peso al alta<P10. Esta restricción del crecimiento tiene lugar durante el ingreso en UCIN y afecta con menos frecuencia a los neonatos de bajo peso al nacer. Los niveles de urea se correlacionan negativamente con la ganancia ponderal, lo cual obliga a continuar estudiando la relación entre el crecimiento y el compartimento proteico." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Avila-Alvarez A, Solar Boga A, Bermúdez-Hormigo C, Fuentes Carballal J. Restricción del crecimiento extrauterino en recién nacidos de menos de 1500 gramos de peso al nacer. An Pediatr (Barc). 2018;89:325–332." ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "Previous presentations: this study was presented in part at the xxvi Congress of Neonatología y Medicina Perinatal, September 2017, Zaragoza, Spain, and at the lxviiiCongress of the Sociedad de Pediatría de Galicia, November 2017, Ourense, Spain." ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 946 "Ancho" => 1583 "Tamanyo" => 78407 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Change in weight, length and head circumference z-scores from birth to discharge, using the 2013 Fenton charts as reference." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 949 "Ancho" => 1583 "Tamanyo" => 81121 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Weight z-scores at birth, discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and discharge from hospital." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "GA, gestational age; HC, head circumference; IQR, interquartile range; MV, mechanical ventilation at some point during hospitalisation; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; O2, supplemental oxygen; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; P10, 10th percentile based on the 2013 Fenton charts; SD, standard deviation." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N=130 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Baseline characteristics</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sex. Male, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">62 (47.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">GA (weeks)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">29.9±2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">29.8 (28–32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">GA (groups)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><28 wk, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">34 (26.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">28–32 wk, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">62 (47.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">>32 wk, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">34 (26.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Twin gestation, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">55 (42.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Outcomes</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Length of stay in NICU (days)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23.0±18.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">18 (9–36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Length of stay in hospital (days) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">55.0±21.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">51.5 (37.7–68.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Corrected age at discharge (weeks)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">37.45±1.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">37 (36–38) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Surfactant, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">65 (50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">MV, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">45 (34.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">O2 28 days, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">28 (21.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">O2 36 wk, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">11 (8.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Duration of MV in hours (n=45)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">305.3±887.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">96 (17.5–180) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Duration of O2in hours (n=91)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">623.6±748.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">192 (48–1.080) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Enterocolitis, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 (6.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Surgery for enterocolitis, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 (3.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PDA, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">30 (23.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Medically treated PDA, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20 (15.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Surgically treated PDA, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 (5.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Anthropometric measurements</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Birth weight (g)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1161±251.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1170 (957–1.410) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Birth length (cm) n=64</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38±3.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38.7 (35–40) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Birth HC (cm) n=91</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26.3±2.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26.5 (24.5–28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Weight at discharge from NICU (g)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.459.3±332.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.390 (1.240–1.626.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Weight at 36 wk (g)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.953.5±365.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.927.5 (1.712.5–2.200) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Weight at discharge (g)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.424.7±330.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.307.5 (2.180–2.580) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Length at discharge (cm)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">45.4±2.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">45 (44–46.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">HC at discharge (cm)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33±1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33 (32–33.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Weight n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">36 (27.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Weight n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">77 (59.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Blood chemistry at 15 days</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Urea (mg/dL)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">20.1±21.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14 (10–21) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Albumin (g/dL)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.2±0.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.2 (3–3.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Total protein (g/dL)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.5±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.6 (4.3–5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1912002.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Description of the sample: baseline characteristics, changes in clinical and anthropometric parameters during the followup, and biochemical parameters at 15 days post birth." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "GA, gestational age; MV, mechanical ventilation at some point during hospitalisation; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; P10, 10th percentile based on the 2013 Fenton charts; SD, standard deviation.P-values of less than 0.05 are presented in boldface." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Change in z-score from admission to discharge Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">GA (weeks) by group</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">< .001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><28 (n=34) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.3±1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">28–32 (n=62) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.7±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">> 32 (n=34) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.4±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><P10 at birth</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.47±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=94) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.0±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Sex</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.841 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Male (n=68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.8±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Female (n=62) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.8±0.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Surfactant</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.0±0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.6±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">MV</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.045 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=45) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.1±0.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=85) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.7±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">O228 days</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.542 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=33) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.0±1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=97) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.7±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">O236 weeks</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.931 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.1±1.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=116) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.8±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Enterocolitis</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.149 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.5±1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=122) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.8±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Surgery for enterocolitis</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−2.5±1.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=126) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.8±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">PDA</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.4±1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=100) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.6±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Medically treated PDA</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.038 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=20) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.4±1.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=110) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.7±0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Surgically treated PDA</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.008 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes (n=7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−1.7±0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No (n=123) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">−0.8±0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1912003.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Association of qualitative variables with changes in z-score during hospitalisation. Univariate analysis." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Agostoni" 1 => "G. Buonocore" 2 => "V.P. Carnielli" 3 => "M. de Curtis" 4 => "D. Darmaun" 5 => "T. Decsi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "85" "paginaFinal" => "91" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Nutritional needs of preterm infants. In: Kleinman RE, editor. Pediatric nutrition. 7th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2013. p. 83-122." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Postnatal growth retardation: a universal problem in preterm infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R.J. Cooke" 1 => "S.B. Ainsworth" 2 => "A.C. Fenton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "89" "paginaInicial" => "F428" "paginaFinal" => "F430" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Postnatal malnutrition and growth retardation: an inevitable consequence of current recommendations in preterm infants?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N.E. Embleton" 1 => "N. Pang" 2 => "R.J. Cooke" 3 => "A. Background" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "107" "paginaInicial" => "270" "paginaFinal" => "273" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Extrauterine growth restriction remains a serious problem in prematurely born neonates" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.H. Clark" 1 => "P.P.J. Thomas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "111" "paginaInicial" => "986" "paginaFinal" => "990" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Population-based study shows improved postnatal growth in preterm very-low-birthweight infants between 1995 and 2010" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "N. Ofek Shlomai" 1 => "B. Reichman" 2 => "L. Lerner-Geva" 3 => "V. Boyko" 4 => "B. Bar-Oz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Paediatr" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "103" "paginaInicial" => "498" "paginaFinal" => "503" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reduction in postnatal cumulative nutritional deficit and improvement of growth in extremely preterm infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T. Senterre" 1 => "J. Rigo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Paediatr" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "101" "paginaInicial" => "e64" "paginaFinal" => "e70" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Restricción posnatal del crecimiento en recién nacidos españoles de muy bajo peso con edad menor o igual a 32 semanas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "X. Krauel Vidal" 1 => "J. Figueras Aloy" 2 => "A. Natal Pujol" 3 => "I. Iglesias Platas" 4 => "M. Moro Serrano" 5 => "C. Fernández Pérez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr (Barc)" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "206" "paginaFinal" => "212" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Crecimiento postnatal hasta el alta hospitalaria en recién nacidos extremadamente prematuros" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. Garcia-Muñoz Rodrigo" 1 => "J. Figueras Aloy" 2 => "P. Saavedra Santana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr (Barc)" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "87" "paginaInicial" => "301" "paginaFinal" => "310" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fetal growth and postnatal growth failure in very-low-birth weight infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.A. Marks" 1 => "B. Reichman" 2 => "A. Lusky" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Paediatr" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "95" "paginaInicial" => "236" "paginaFinal" => "242" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Growth failure in the preterm infant: can we catch up?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.M. Dusick" 1 => "B.B. Poindexter" 2 => "R.A. Ehrenkranz" 3 => "J.A. Lemons" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Semin Perinatol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "302" "paginaFinal" => "310" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Preterm infant growth velocity calculations: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.R. Fenton" 1 => "H.T. Chan" 2 => "A. Madhu" 3 => "I.J. Griffin" 4 => "A. Hoyos" 5 => "E.E. Ziegler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "139" "paginaInicial" => "2016" "paginaFinal" => "2045" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Physiological adjustment to postnatal growth trajectories in healthy preterm infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Rochow" 1 => "P. Raja" 2 => "K. Liu" 3 => "T. Fenton" 4 => "E. Landau-Crangle" 5 => "S. Göttler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Res" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "79" "paginaInicial" => "870" "paginaFinal" => "879" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Growth in the neonatal intensive care unit influences neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R.A. Ehrenkranz" 1 => "A.M. Dusick" 2 => "B.R. Vohr" 3 => "L.L. Wright" 4 => "L.A. Wrage" 5 => "W.K. Poole" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "117" "paginaInicial" => "1253" "paginaFinal" => "1261" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The relationship of poor linear growth velocity with neonatal illness and two-year neurodevelopment in preterm infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.E. Ramel" 1 => "E.W. Demerath" 2 => "H.L. Gray" 3 => "N. Younge" 4 => "C. Boys" 5 => "M.K. Georgieff" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neonatology" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "102" "paginaInicial" => "19" "paginaFinal" => "24" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K.K. Ong" 1 => "K. Kennedy" 2 => "E. Castañeda-Gutiérrez" 3 => "S. Forsyth" 4 => "K.M. Godfrey" 5 => "B. Koletzko" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Paediatr" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "104" "paginaInicial" => "974" "paginaFinal" => "986" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intrauterine, early neonatal, and postdischarge growth and neurodevelopmental outcome at 5.4 years in extremely preterm infants after intensive neonatal nutritional support" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.R. Franz" 1 => "F. Pohlandt" 2 => "H. Bode" 3 => "W.A. Mihatsch" 4 => "S. Sander" 5 => "M. Kron" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "123" "paginaInicial" => "e101" "paginaFinal" => "e109" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T.R. Fenton" 1 => "J.H. Kim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Pediatr" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "59" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Birth weight and longitudinal growth in infants born below 32 weeks’ gestation: A UK population study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "Neonatal data analysis unit and the preterm growth investigator group" "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "T.J. Cole" 1 => "Y. Statnikov" 2 => "S. Santhakumaran" 3 => "H. Pan" 4 => "N. Modi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "99" "paginaInicial" => "F34" "paginaFinal" => "F40" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants of gestational age < or = 32 weeks" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Sakurai" 1 => "K. Itabashi" 2 => "Y. Sato" 3 => "S. Hibino" 4 => "K. Mizuno" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Int" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "70" "paginaFinal" => "75" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.A. Lemons" 1 => "C.R. Bauer" 2 => "W. Oh" 3 => "S.B. Korones" 4 => "L.A. Papile" 5 => "B.J. Stoll" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "107" "paginaInicial" => "E1" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Growth in preterm infants until 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age is close to target recommendations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Sáenz de Pipaón" 1 => "M. Martínez-Biarge" 2 => "I. Dorronsoro" 3 => "S. Salas" 4 => "R. Madero" 5 => "G.Á. Martos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neonatology" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "106" "paginaInicial" => "30" "paginaFinal" => "36" ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Red SEN-1500. Variabilidad en las prácticas sobre alimentación enteral del prematuro entre hospitales españoles de la red SEN-1500" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.C. Moreno Algarra" 1 => "V. Fernández Romero" 2 => "T. Sánchez Tamayo" 3 => "M.G. Espinosa Fernández" 4 => "E. Salguero García" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr (Barc)" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "87" "paginaInicial" => "245" "paginaFinal" => "252" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factors associated with growth of extremely premature infants during initial hospitalization" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.A. Berry" 1 => "M. Abrahamowicz" 2 => "R.H. Usher" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "100" "paginaInicial" => "640" "paginaFinal" => "646" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Growth of very premature infants fed intravenous hyperalimentation and calcium-supplemented formula" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.A. Berry" 1 => "H. Conrod" 2 => "R.H. Usher" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "100" "paginaInicial" => "647" "paginaFinal" => "653" ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Optimizing early nutritional support based on recent recommendations in VLBW infants and postnatal growth restriction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T. Senterre" 1 => "J. Rigo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "53" "paginaInicial" => "536" "paginaFinal" => "542" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Anthropometric and laboratory assessment of very low birth weight infants: the most helpful measurements and why" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.J. Moyer-Mileur" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Semin Perinatol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "96" "paginaFinal" => "103" ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The role of initial monitoring of routine biochemical nutritional markers in critically ill children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.M. Hulst" 1 => "J.B. van Goudoever" 2 => "L.J.I. Zimmermann" 3 => "D. Tibboel" 4 => "K.F.M. Joosten" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Nutr Biochem" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "57" "paginaFinal" => "62" ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nutrient intakes and growth of very low birth weight infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.J. Carlson" 1 => "E.E. Ziegler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Perinatol" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "252" "paginaFinal" => "258" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Blood urea nitrogen concentration as a marker of amino-acid intolerance in neonates with birthweight less than 1250 g" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E. Ridout" 1 => "D. Melara" 2 => "S. Rottinghaus" 3 => "P.J. Thureen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Perinatol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "130" "paginaFinal" => "133" ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Blood urea nitrogen concentrations in low-birth-weight preterm infants during parenteral and enteral nutrition" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. Roggero" 1 => "M.L. Giannì" 2 => "L. Morlacchi" 3 => "P. Piemontese" 4 => "N. Liotto" 5 => "F. Taroni" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "213" "paginaFinal" => "215" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23412879/0000008900000006/v1_201812020629/S2341287918301650/v1_201812020629/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "26005" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23412879/0000008900000006/v1_201812020629/S2341287918301650/v1_201812020629/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00005H&text.app=https://analesdepediatria.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287918301650?idApp=UINPBA00005H"]

Statistics

Original Article

Extrauterine growth restriction among neonates with a birthweight less than 1500 grams

Restricción del crecimiento extrauterino en recién nacidos de menos de 1500 gramos de peso al nacer

Alejandro Avila-Alvareza,c,

Corresponding author

alejandro.avila.neonatologia@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Alfonso Solar Bogab,c, Carmen Bermúdez-Hormigoa,c, Jesús Fuentes Carballala

a Unidad de Neonatología, Servicio de Pediatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Sergas, A Coruña, Spain

b Unidad de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Sergas, A Coruña, Spain

c Departamento de Pediatría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Read

6048

Times
was read the article

2142

Total PDF

3906

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:25 [
  "pii" => "S2341287918301650"
  "issn" => "23412879"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2018.02.004"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01"
  "aid" => "2387"
  "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Espa&#241;ola de Pediatr&#237;a"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2017"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;. 2018;89:325-32"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1490
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 141
      "HTML" => 1017
      "PDF" => 332
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S1695403318300559"
      "issn" => "16954033"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.02.004"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01"
      "aid" => "2387"
      "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Espa&#241;ola de Pediatr&#237;a"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;. 2018;89:325-32"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 4516
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 164
          "HTML" => 3358
          "PDF" => 994
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>"
        "titulo" => "Restricci&#243;n del crecimiento extrauterino en reci&#233;n nacidos de menos de 1&#46;500 gramos de peso al nacer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#9734;</span>"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "325"
            "paginaFinal" => "332"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Extrauterine growth restriction among neonates with a birthweight less than 1&#44;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>grams"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0010"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 949
                "Ancho" => 1583
                "Tamanyo" => 86865
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evoluci&#243;n de los valores de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z-score</span> de peso al nacimiento&#44; al alta de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCIN&#41; y al alta hospitalaria&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Alejandro Avila-Alvarez, Alfonso Solar Boga, Carmen Berm&#250;dez-Hormigo, Jes&#250;s Fuentes Carballal"
            "autores" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Alejandro"
                "apellidos" => "Avila-Alvarez"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Alfonso"
                "apellidos" => "Solar Boga"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Carmen"
                "apellidos" => "Berm&#250;dez-Hormigo"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Jes&#250;s"
                "apellidos" => "Fuentes Carballal"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2341287918301650"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2018.02.004"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287918301650?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403318300559?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
      "url" => "/16954033/0000008900000006/v1_201812020610/S1695403318300559/v1_201812020610/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S2341287918301698"
    "issn" => "23412879"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2018.02.006"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01"
    "aid" => "2385"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Espa&#241;ola de Pediatr&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;. 2018;89:333-43"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1021
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 117
        "HTML" => 665
        "PDF" => 239
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Emergency department consultations associated with unintentional injuries&#58; A cases series"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "333"
          "paginaFinal" => "343"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Consultas relacionadas con lesiones no intencionadas en urgencias en Espa&#241;a&#58; serie de casos"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1203
              "Ancho" => 2126
              "Tamanyo" => 152798
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of unintentional injuries by age and sex&#46;</p> <p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentages for injuries are indicated by age rounded to age at latest birthday&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Cristina Arribas S&#225;nchez, Eduardo J&#46; Bard&#243;n Cancho, Ar&#237;stides Rivas Garc&#237;a, Santiago Mintegi, Rafael Mara&#241;&#243;n Pardillo"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Cristina"
              "apellidos" => "Arribas S&#225;nchez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Eduardo J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Bard&#243;n Cancho"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ar&#237;stides"
              "apellidos" => "Rivas Garc&#237;a"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Santiago"
              "apellidos" => "Mintegi"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rafael"
              "apellidos" => "Mara&#241;&#243;n Pardillo"
            ]
            5 => array:1 [
              "colaborador" => "Observatory group of unintentional injuries of the Research Network of the Spanish Pediatric Emergency Society &#40;RiSeup-Sperg&#41;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S1695403318300535"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.02.003"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403318300535?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287918301698?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
    "url" => "/23412879/0000008900000006/v1_201812020629/S2341287918301698/v1_201812020629/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S2341287918301789"
    "issn" => "23412879"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2018.10.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-12-01"
    "aid" => "2532"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Espa&#241;ola de Pediatr&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;. 2018;89:323-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 860
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 94
        "HTML" => 515
        "PDF" => 251
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "Celebrating 50 years of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anales de Pediatr&#237;a</span>&#58; Maintaining the tradition while promoting changes"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "323"
          "paginaFinal" => "324"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Celebrando los 50 a&#241;os de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anales de Pediatr&#237;a</span>&#58; manteniendo la tradici&#243;n mientras fomentamos el cambio"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Empar Lurbe i Ferrer, Eduardo Gonz&#225;lez P&#233;rez-Yarza, Corsino Rey Gal&#225;n"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Empar"
              "apellidos" => "Lurbe i Ferrer"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Eduardo"
              "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez P&#233;rez-Yarza"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Corsino"
              "apellidos" => "Rey Gal&#225;n"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S1695403318303709"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.10.004"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403318303709?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287918301789?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
    "url" => "/23412879/0000008900000006/v1_201812020629/S2341287918301789/v1_201812020629/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Extrauterine growth restriction among neonates with a birthweight less than 1500 grams"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "325"
        "paginaFinal" => "332"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Alejandro Avila-Alvarez, Alfonso Solar Boga, Carmen Berm&#250;dez-Hormigo, Jes&#250;s Fuentes Carballal"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Alejandro"
            "apellidos" => "Avila-Alvarez"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "alejandro&#46;avila&#46;neonatologia&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Alfonso"
            "apellidos" => "Solar Boga"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Carmen"
            "apellidos" => "Berm&#250;dez-Hormigo"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jes&#250;s"
            "apellidos" => "Fuentes Carballal"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Neonatolog&#237;a&#44; Servicio de Pediatr&#237;a&#44; Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coru&#241;a&#44; Sergas&#44; A Coru&#241;a&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Gastroenterolog&#237;a&#44; Hepatolog&#237;a y Nutrici&#243;n pedi&#225;trica&#44; Servicio de Pediatr&#237;a&#44; Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coru&#241;a&#44; Sergas&#44; A Coru&#241;a&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Pediatr&#237;a&#44; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela&#44; Santiago de Compostela&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Restricci&#243;n del crecimiento extrauterino en reci&#233;n nacidos de menos de 1500 gramos de peso al nacer"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 946
            "Ancho" => 1583
            "Tamanyo" => 78407
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Change in weight&#44; length and head circumference <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores from birth to discharge&#44; using the 2013 Fenton charts as reference&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When a baby is born very preterm&#44; the physiological processes that would normally take place in the uterus in the third trimester instead unfold in the neonatal intensive care unit &#40;NICU&#41; setting&#46; Extrauterine growth restriction &#40;EUGR&#41; is just one example of the challenges faced by neonatologists in their attempt to reproduce the ideal intrauterine conditions&#46; Although nutritional recommendations for preterm newborns are based on in utero foetal growth rates&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> target intakes are frequently not achieved before hospital discharge or until the newborn reaches the term date&#46; In fact&#44; EUGR has been described as a &#8220;universal problem&#44;&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> an &#8220;inevitable consequence&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and a &#8220;serious problem&#44;&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and while some studies have shown improvements in postnatal growth in recent years with more aggressive nutritional strategies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> EUGR is still a common occurrence in neonatal units<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;8&#44;9</span></a> and its management remains a controversial subject&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5&#44;10&#8211;13</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Extrauterine growth restriction is not a merely statistical concept expressing divergence from a reference standard&#44; but also a prognostic factor that is likely to be relevant in other areas&#44; especially in neurologic outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;16</span></a> Therefore&#44; improving postnatal growth&#44; preventing its restriction and knowing which groups are at risk and require individualised care plans can help improve long-term outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We designed a study with the aim of establishing the incidence of EUGR in newborns with birth weights of 1500 or less using intrauterine growth curves as reference&#46; Our secondary objective was to assess whether specific baseline characteristics &#40;birth weight&#44; gestational age&#44; sex&#41;&#44; biochemical markers &#40;blood urea nitrogen&#44; serum albumin and total protein&#41; or complications during the hospital stay &#40;enterocolitis&#44; patent ductus arteriosus or bronchopulmonary dysplasia&#41; were associated with the severity of EUGR&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a retrospective longitudinal observational study in newborns with birth weights of 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g or less admitted to a Level III-C neonatal unit during a 4-year period &#40;January 2013&#8211;December 2016&#41;&#46; We excluded newborns with multiple malformation syndromes&#44; those that did not require admission to the NICU&#44; those delivered in other hospitals and those for whom we could not obtain follow-up data after discharge from the NICU because they were transferred to other hospitals or died early &#40;&#8804;28 days&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The NICU where the study was conducted has a nutritional management protocol for preterm newborns that generally adheres to current recommendations<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#58; parenteral nutrition from day 0 with an initial protein intake of 2&#8211;2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;day and an energy intake of approximately 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kcal&#47;kg&#47;day&#44; with intake targets of 3&#46;5&#8211;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;day of protein and 110&#8211;120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kcal&#47;kg of energy for the end of week 1&#44; early initiation of trophic feedings&#44; discontinuation of parenteral nutrition as soon as the newborn can tolerate 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;day of enteral feeding&#44; fortification of maternal milk&#44; etc&#46; Banked human milk was not available during the period under study&#44; and therefore&#44; when maternal milk was not available&#44; patients received preterm formula&#46; There were no significant changes in the protocol during the period under study&#44; except for a switch to a lipid emulsion containing fish oil &#40;SMOF Lipid<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41; for parenteral nutrition at the end of the first year&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We collected data for anthropometric measurements &#40;weight&#44; length and head circumference&#41; and calculated the corresponding <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores and&#47;or percentiles using the 2013 Fenton growth charts as reference&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> We defined small for gestational age &#40;SGA&#41; as birth weight below the 10th percentile &#40;P10&#41;&#46; The length and head circumference &#40;HC&#41; were measured at admission and at hospital discharge&#46; The weight was measured at discharge from the NICU&#44; at 36 weeks and at hospital discharge&#46; Biochemical markers &#40;blood urea nitrogen&#44; serum total protein and serum albumin&#41; were measured at day 15-post birth&#46; The markers we selected to assess for the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were need for supplemental oxygen at 28 days and at 36 weeks of corrected age&#46; We also collected data on the presence of necrotising enterocolitis &#40;Bell stage 2 or higher&#41; and patent ductus arteriosus&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To calculate postnatal growth velocity &#40;PGV&#41; between 2 periods&#44; we used the exponential method&#44; as has been done in previous studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;19</span></a> applying the following formula&#58; PGV<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ln &#91;weight<span class="elsevierStyleInf">final</span>&#47;weight<span class="elsevierStyleInf">initial</span>&#93;&#41;&#47;days&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A sample size of 130 patients allows the estimation of the incidence of malnutrition based on the presence of weight below the P10 for gestational age &#40;GA&#41; at the time of hospital discharge with a 95&#37; confidence level and a precision of &#177;7&#37; for an assumed proportion of 75&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a descriptive analysis of all the variables included in the study&#44; summarising quantitative variables as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation&#44; median and interquartile range&#44; and qualitative variables as absolute frequency and percentage distributions&#46; We analysed the association of qualitative variables by means of the chi square test or the Fisher exact test as appropriate&#46; We compared means between 2 groups using the Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test or the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test as applicable&#46; We compared the means of more than 2 groups using ANOVA or the Kruskal&#8211;Wallis test&#46; We calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient to assess the association between quantitative variables&#46; We fit multivariate linear regression models to determine which variables could predict changes in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score during hospitalisation&#44; including those variables that were significant in the univariate analysis or considered clinically relevant&#46; We performed all the analysis with the software SPSS v 24&#46;0 for Windows&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the competent clinical research ethics board&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the period under study&#44; 163 newborns with birth weights of 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g or less were admitted to the NICU&#44; of whom we excluded those born in other hospitals &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41; and those for whom we had no follow-up data due to transfer to other hospitals &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41; or early death &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#41;&#46; The final sample included 130 patients&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> presents the baseline characteristics of the patients and the changes in clinical and anthropometric parameters during the followup&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of weight below the P10 was 27&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41; at admission&#44; 66&#46;9&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>87&#41; at 36 weeks of corrected age&#44; 66&#46;2&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>86&#41; at discharge from the NICU and 59&#46;2&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>77&#41; at discharge from hospital&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At admission&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores for weight&#44; length and HC were near zero&#46; However&#44; by hospital discharge the weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores for weight and length had decreased by a mean of &#8722;0&#46;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;79 and &#8722;1&#46;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;65 points&#44; respectively&#46; The HC <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score remained close to 0 and even improved slightly&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> provides a graphic representation of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score values at each time point and their trajectory&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The period with the steepest decline in the weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score was the period between admission and discharge from the NICU &#40;period 1&#41;&#44; which was followed by a mild improvement before discharge from hospital &#40;period 2&#41;&#44; without full recovery of the birth values &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean overall weight gain during hospitalisation was 1263&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>467&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; with a mean gain of 23&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;day&#46; The mean PGV was 13&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;day&#46; The mean PGV was significantly lower in period 1 compared to period 2 &#40;6&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;8 vs 16&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;day&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> presents the blood chemistry results&#46; Only the urea levels were significantly and negatively correlated to the weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score during the hospital stay &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">s</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;289&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We found that GA at birth was positively correlated to changes in weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score during hospitalisation&#44; that is&#44; greater GA corresponded to higher <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores at discharge &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">s</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;324&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span>001&#41;&#46; Conversely&#44; it was negatively correlated to the length of stay in the hospital &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">s</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;353&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span>001&#41; and the length of stay in the NICU &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">s</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;178&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;043&#41;&#46; We did not find an association of GA at birth with the duration of oxygen therapy or of mechanical ventilation&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> presents the results of the univariate analysis of the association of qualitative variables with changes in weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores during the hospital stay&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The final multivariate linear regression model to predict decreases in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score included the following variables&#58; GA&#44; urea level and birth weight below the P10&#46; The only variable that was an independent predictor of decreases in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score was the blood urea level &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; with the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value for birth weight below the P10 being close to the threshold of significance &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;098&#41;&#46; When we eliminated GA from the model because it was not significant&#44; we found that both the urea level and birth weight below P10 were independent predictors of decreases in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score&#46; That is&#44; higher levels &#40;more positive levels&#41; of urea in blood were associated with more negative values in the variable &#8220;change in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score&#44;&#8221; that is&#44; with greater decreases in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; while a birth weight below the P10 was associated with lower decreases in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score and therefore less severe EUGR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;013&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Strictly speaking&#44; a decrease of any magnitude in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score or percentile from the time of birth entails some degree of EUGR&#44; although in the literature EUGR is generally defined based on more or less arbitrary cut-off points&#44; among which the most common one is weight below the P10 in foetal growth charts obtained from populations born at term&#46; In our study of a contemporary sample of 130 newborns managed in a single neonatal unit&#44; we found a decrease of about 1 point in the weight and length <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores during the hospital stay&#44; so that more than half of the newborns had weights below the P10 for GA at the time of hospital discharge&#46; We found that EUGR resulted from a reduction in growth velocity during the stay in the NICU&#46; Furthermore&#44; we used linear regression to attempt to identify biochemical and clinical variables that could be associated with the decline in the weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z-score</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies conducted in other countries have similar findings to those of our study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;20</span></a> A large-scale study published in 2003 found that 34&#37; of the 12&#160;323 newborns delivered before 32 weeks&#8217; gestation in the sample had weights below the P10 at the time of discharge&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Other articles report significantly higher proportions&#44; of up to 97&#37; of very low birth weight newborns and up to 99&#37; in extremely low birth weight newborns&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies conducted in Spain have also provided reliable data on the frequency of EUGR&#44; chief of which are those by Krauel et al&#46; and by Garc&#237;a-Mu&#241;oz et al&#46; that used data from the SEN1500 register of newborns with birth weights of less than 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> and the study by S&#225;enz de Pipa&#243;n et al&#46; in a sample of newborns in a single neonatal unit&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> The 2008 study by Krauel et al&#46; analysed a sample of 2317 newborns and found a proportion of weight below the P10 at discharge of 77&#37;&#46; More recently&#44; a thorough and rigorous study led by Garc&#237;a-Mu&#241;oz Rodrigo analysed postnatal weight gain patterns in a cohort of 4520 newborns delivered at 28 weeks or earlier and found that the weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score had decreased by about &#8722;1&#46;7 by the time of discharge&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Both are multicentre studies with large samples&#44; which has multiple obvious advantages&#44; but it is also likely that nutritional practices varied significantly between units&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Single centre studies&#44; while having intrinsic drawbacks of their own&#44; usually have more homogeneous samples&#46; For instance&#44; in 2014 S&#225;enz de Pipa&#243;n et al&#46; reported the results of a prospective study in a sample of 111 newborns with birth weights of less than 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g and delivered before 34 weeks&#8217; gestation at the Hospital La Paz de Madrid&#44; describing a decline in the weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score of &#8722;0&#46;97 in the first 5 weeks&#44; very similar to the decline of &#8722;0&#46;85 observed in our sample during the overall stay&#44; despite protein and energy intakes that were very close to those currently recommended&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In an attempt to pinpoint the origin of EUGR&#44; we analysed the PGV during the NICU stay and during the post-NICU stay through discharge&#44; and found that it was during the first period that growth slowed most significantly&#46; Previous studies had already described this two-stage trend in weight&#44; with an initial period of decreasing percentiles followed by a period of growth with velocities similar to those of intrauterine growth&#44; but without catch-up&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;13&#44;19&#44;24&#44;25</span></a> A study by Cole et al&#46; in 5009 newborns delivered before 32 weeks&#8217; gestation in the United Kingdom found an average weight loss of 258<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g with the nadir in day 8 of life&#44; followed by weight gains of a maximum of up to a maximum of 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> This value is very similar to the one we found in our sample in period 2&#44; of 16&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;day&#46; In a recent study on a cohort of 981 newborns delivered before 34 weeks&#8217; gestation with no relevant complications&#44; Rochow et al&#46; also found that their postnatal growth trajectory started with a reduction in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score of &#8722;0&#46;8 followed by a period of growth that paralleled the expected intrauterine growth trajectory&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This initial weight loss seems to be independent of energy and protein intake and probably reflects only water losses&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> which has led some authors to propose applying the target percentile curve after the initial weight loss&#44; as opposed to from birth&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;9&#44;19</span></a> Other authors consider a drop of &#8722;0&#46;7 points in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score from birth to day 3 &#8220;obligatory&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Taking into account the limitations of anthropometric references&#44; we believe it would be very useful to identify a laboratory marker allowing a more accurate assessment of nutritional status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a> Since weight gain depends at least in part on protein intake&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;22&#44;29</span></a> investigation of the protein status seems particularly attractive&#46; For this reason&#44; routine measurement of serum protein and albumin levels has been recommended as part of the nutritional status evaluation of very low birth weight newborns&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> although we did not find an association between these variables and EUGR in our study&#46; Urea&#44; a product of protein catabolism&#44; has been used traditionally to monitor protein intake&#44; although this practice has also been questioned&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a> Very few studies have specifically analysed the association between serum urea levels and nutritional variables&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> In our study&#44; in the absence of reliable retrospective data on the daily protein intake&#44; we established an initial hypothesis that higher urea levels would be indicative of a greater protein intake&#44; and therefore associated with milder EUGR&#46; However&#44; higher urea levels were associated with a steeper decrease in the weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score &#40;more negative values in the &#8220;z-score change&#8221; variable&#41;&#46; This finding probably reflects the fact that urea levels are affected by hydration status&#44; renal function and catabolic activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Thus&#44; an increase in catabolism associated with greater immaturity and the extracellular fluid loss characteristic of the first days of life could explain the greater elevation of urea in patients with more severe EUGR&#46; In fact&#44; an association between the degree of immaturity and the decline in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores has been described in the past&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;22</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical relevance of the association between urea levels at 15 days of life with greater severity of EUGR is debatable&#44; for while the association of the values was statistically significant&#44; most of the urea level values were within ranges that could be considered normal in newborns &#40;the interquartile range in the overall sample was 10&#8211;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#41;&#44; which was even the case in the group of newborns with weights below the P10 at discharge&#46; However&#44; we think that our finding underscores the need to investigate in detail the association between the protein status and postnatal growth&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our sample&#44; we found that SGA newborns had milder EUGR&#44; as described by other authors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;8&#44;10&#44;24</span></a> To be sure&#44; many of these newborns continued to have a low weight for age at hospital discharge&#44; but what we analysed in our study was the association between SGA and decreases in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score during hospitalisation&#44; and not only weight below the P10 at discharge&#46; Senterre and Rigo reported that with the implementation of an aggressive nutrition protocol&#44; the change in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score during hospitalisation in newborns with appropriate weight for GA was of &#8722;0&#46;37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;57&#44; while in SGA newborns it remained unchanged &#40;0&#46;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;52&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Whether this reflects an adaptive process of foetuses with intrauterine growth restriction&#44; differences in the management of the newborns&#44; changes in body composition or to other factors remains to be determined&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are limitations to this study&#46; The main limitations have to do with its retrospective design&#44; which precluded the collection of reliable data on the administration of fluids and nutritional management&#44; especially in regard to protein intake&#46; In addition&#44; the low incidence of some of the most severe comorbidities &#40;enterocolitis&#44; patent ductus arteriosus requiring surgery&#41; limited the power of the study to identify significant associations with EUGR&#46; Last of all&#44; all weight&#44; HC and length measurements were performed in a single unit&#44; but without application of a pre-established standardised procedure&#46; With over 1000 measurements included in the study&#44; we believe that the effects of potential measurement errors are probably attenuated&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; EUGR continues to be a frequent feature at the time of hospital discharge&#44; observed in more than half of newborns with birth weights of 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g or less&#46; Extrauterine growth restriction develops between birth and discharge from the NICU&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infants born SGA also frequently have body weights below the 10th percentile at the time of discharge&#44; but they seem to have EUGR less frequently&#46; We found a negative correlation between urea levels at 15 days post birth and weight gain&#46; Although it is difficult to draw conclusions relevant to clinical practice from this finding&#44; this association should be analysed for confirmation in future prospective studies aimed at studying the relationship between protein status and weight gain&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1122235"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Introduction"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Objectives"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1057107"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1122234"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Objetivos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0045"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0050"
              "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1057106"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-12-08"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-02-05"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1057107"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Growth retardation"
            1 => "Premature infants"
            2 => "Postnatal growth"
            3 => "Very low birth weight infant"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1057106"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Retraso del crecimiento"
            1 => "Reci&#233;n nacido prematuro"
            2 => "Crecimiento posnatal"
            3 => "Reci&#233;n nacido de muy bajo peso"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Growth restriction in preterm infants has been related to a poor neurodevelopment outcome&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objectives</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To define the incidence of postnatal growth restriction in premature babies &#8804;1500 g and to detect related clinical or biochemical markers&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective longitudinal observational study&#46; Multivariate linear regression models were used to determine variables that can predict the change in weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score during admission&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included 130 patients with a mean birthweight of 1161<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>251<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g and a gestational age of 29&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;5 weeks&#46; At hospital discharge&#44; 59&#46;2&#37; had a weight below P10&#46; During admission&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores of weight and length decreased by &#8722;0&#46;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;79 and &#8722;1&#46;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;65&#44; respectively&#46; The largest decrease in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score occurred during NICU admission&#44; with a weight gain rate of 6&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;day&#44; after which growth acceleration took place &#40;16&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;day&#41;&#44; but was insufficient to catch-up&#46; Higher levels of urea were negatively correlated with the change in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score of weight &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; and a weight<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;013&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">More than half of newborns &#8804;1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g have a weight at discharge of</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Objectives"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La restricci&#243;n al crecimiento en reci&#233;n nacidos prematuros se ha relacionado con un peor neurodesarrollo a largo plazo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Definir la incidencia de la restricci&#243;n del crecimiento posnatal en prematuros &#8804;1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>gramos y detectar qu&#233; marcadores cl&#237;nicos o bioqu&#237;micos se relacionan con la misma&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo&#46; Se utilizaron modelos de regresi&#243;n lineal multivariante para determinar qu&#233; variables permiten predecir el cambio en el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z-score</span> de peso durante el ingreso&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 130 pacientes&#44; con un peso medio al nacer de 1161<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>251<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g y una edad gestacional de 29&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;5 semanas&#46; Al alta hospitalaria el 59&#44;2&#37; ten&#237;a un peso<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P10&#46; Durante el ingreso los <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z-score</span> de peso y longitud descendieron una media de &#8211;0&#44;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;79 y &#8211;1&#44;09<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;65&#44; respectivamente&#46; El mayor descenso del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z-score</span> se produjo en UCIN&#44; con una velocidad de ganancia ponderal de 6&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;8&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;d&#237;a&#44; tras lo cual tuvo lugar una aceleraci&#243;n del crecimiento &#40;16&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;kg&#47;d&#237;a&#41; insuficiente para realizar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">catch-up</span>&#46; Niveles m&#225;s altos de urea se correlacionaron negativamente con el cambio en el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z-score</span> de peso &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; y el peso<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P10 al nacer lo hizo de forma positiva &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;013&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">M&#225;s de la mitad de los reci&#233;n nacidos &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g presentan un peso al alta<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P10&#46; Esta restricci&#243;n del crecimiento tiene lugar durante el ingreso en UCIN y afecta con menos frecuencia a los neonatos de bajo peso al nacer&#46; Los niveles de urea se correlacionan negativamente con la ganancia ponderal&#44; lo cual obliga a continuar estudiando la relaci&#243;n entre el crecimiento y el compartimento proteico&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Objetivos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Avila-Alvarez A&#44; Solar Boga A&#44; Berm&#250;dez-Hormigo C&#44; Fuentes Carballal J&#46; Restricci&#243;n del crecimiento extrauterino en reci&#233;n nacidos de menos de 1500 gramos de peso al nacer&#46; An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2018&#59;89&#58;325&#8211;332&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Previous presentations&#58; this study was presented in part at the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">xxvi</span> Congress of Neonatolog&#237;a y Medicina Perinatal&#44; September 2017&#44; Zaragoza&#44; Spain&#44; and at the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">lxviii</span>Congress of the Sociedad de Pediatr&#237;a de Galicia&#44; November 2017&#44; Ourense&#44; Spain&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 946
            "Ancho" => 1583
            "Tamanyo" => 78407
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Change in weight&#44; length and head circumference <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores from birth to discharge&#44; using the 2013 Fenton charts as reference&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 949
            "Ancho" => 1583
            "Tamanyo" => 81121
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-scores at birth&#44; discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit &#40;NICU&#41; and discharge from hospital&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">GA&#44; gestational age&#59; HC&#44; head circumference&#59; IQR&#44; interquartile range&#59; MV&#44; mechanical ventilation at some point during hospitalisation&#59; NICU&#44; neonatal intensive care unit&#59; O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; supplemental oxygen&#59; PDA&#44; patent ductus arteriosus&#59; P10&#44; 10th percentile based on the 2013 Fenton charts&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Baseline characteristics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex&#46; Male&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62 &#40;47&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GA &#40;weeks&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#46;8 &#40;28&#8211;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GA &#40;groups&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;28 wk&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;26&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#8211;32 wk&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62 &#40;47&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;32 wk&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;26&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Twin gestation&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55 &#40;42&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcomes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Length of stay in NICU &#40;days&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;9&#8211;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Length of stay in hospital &#40;days&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51&#46;5 &#40;37&#46;7&#8211;68&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corrected age at discharge &#40;weeks&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37&#46;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37 &#40;36&#8211;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surfactant&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MV&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;34&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 28 days&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;21&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 36 wk&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;8&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duration of MV in hours &#40;n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">45&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">305&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>887&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">96 &#40;17&#46;5&#8211;180&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duration of O</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in hours &#40;n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">91&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">623&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>748&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">192 &#40;48&#8211;1&#46;080&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Enterocolitis&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;6&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery for enterocolitis&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;3&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PDA&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medically treated PDA&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;15&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgically treated PDA&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Anthropometric measurements</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Birth weight &#40;g&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1161<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>251&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1170 &#40;957&#8211;1&#46;410&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Birth length &#40;cm&#41; n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">64</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38&#46;7 &#40;35&#8211;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Birth HC &#40;cm&#41; n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">91</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#46;5 &#40;24&#46;5&#8211;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Weight at discharge from NICU &#40;g&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;459&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>332&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;390 &#40;1&#46;240&#8211;1&#46;626&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Weight at 36 wk &#40;g&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;953&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>365&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;927&#46;5 &#40;1&#46;712&#46;5&#8211;2&#46;200&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Weight at discharge &#40;g&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;424&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>330&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;307&#46;5 &#40;2&#46;180&#8211;2&#46;580&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Length at discharge &#40;cm&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;44&#8211;46&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HC at discharge &#40;cm&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;32&#8211;33&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36 &#40;27&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Weight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77 &#40;59&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Blood chemistry at 15 days</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urea &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;10&#8211;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Albumin &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;2 &#40;3&#8211;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total protein &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Median &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;6 &#40;4&#46;3&#8211;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1912002.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Description of the sample&#58; baseline characteristics&#44; changes in clinical and anthropometric parameters during the followup&#44; and biochemical parameters at 15 days post birth&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">GA&#44; gestational age&#59; MV&#44; mechanical ventilation at some point during hospitalisation&#59; PDA&#44; patent ductus arteriosus&#59; P10&#44; 10th percentile based on the 2013 Fenton charts&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#46;</p><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-values of less than 0&#46;05 are presented in boldface&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Change in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score from admission to discharge Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GA &#40;weeks&#41; by group</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; &#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;28 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#8211;32 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62; 32 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P10 at birth</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;47<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;841&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Surfactant</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;002</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MV</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;045</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">28 days</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;542&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">O</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">36 weeks</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;931&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>116&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enterocolitis</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;149&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>122&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Surgery for enterocolitis</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;010</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>126&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PDA</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;003</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medically treated PDA</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;038</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>110&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Surgically treated PDA</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;008</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>123&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1912003.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Association of qualitative variables with changes in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score during hospitalisation&#46; Univariate analysis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants&#58; commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology&#44; Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Agostoni"
                            1 => "G&#46; Buonocore"
                            2 => "V&#46;P&#46; Carnielli"
                            3 => "M&#46; de Curtis"
                            4 => "D&#46; Darmaun"
                            5 => "T&#46; Decsi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "85"
                        "paginaFinal" => "91"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Nutritional needs of preterm infants&#46; In&#58; Kleinman RE&#44; editor&#46; Pediatric nutrition&#46; 7th ed&#46; Elk Grove Village&#44; IL&#58; American Academy of Pediatrics&#59; 2013&#46; p&#46; 83-122&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postnatal growth retardation&#58; a universal problem in preterm infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;J&#46; Cooke"
                            1 => "S&#46;B&#46; Ainsworth"
                            2 => "A&#46;C&#46; Fenton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "89"
                        "paginaInicial" => "F428"
                        "paginaFinal" => "F430"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postnatal malnutrition and growth retardation&#58; an inevitable consequence of current recommendations in preterm infants&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "N&#46;E&#46; Embleton"
                            1 => "N&#46; Pang"
                            2 => "R&#46;J&#46; Cooke"
                            3 => "A&#46; Background"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "107"
                        "paginaInicial" => "270"
                        "paginaFinal" => "273"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Extrauterine growth restriction remains a serious problem in prematurely born neonates"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46;H&#46; Clark"
                            1 => "P&#46;P&#46;J&#46; Thomas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "111"
                        "paginaInicial" => "986"
                        "paginaFinal" => "990"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Population-based study shows improved postnatal growth in preterm very-low-birthweight infants between 1995 and 2010"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Ofek Shlomai"
                            1 => "B&#46; Reichman"
                            2 => "L&#46; Lerner-Geva"
                            3 => "V&#46; Boyko"
                            4 => "B&#46; Bar-Oz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Paediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "498"
                        "paginaFinal" => "503"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reduction in postnatal cumulative nutritional deficit and improvement of growth in extremely preterm infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Senterre"
                            1 => "J&#46; Rigo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Paediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "101"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e64"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e70"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Restricci&#243;n posnatal del crecimiento en reci&#233;n nacidos espa&#241;oles de muy bajo peso con edad menor o igual a 32 semanas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "X&#46; Krauel Vidal"
                            1 => "J&#46; Figueras Aloy"
                            2 => "A&#46; Natal Pujol"
                            3 => "I&#46; Iglesias Platas"
                            4 => "M&#46; Moro Serrano"
                            5 => "C&#46; Fern&#225;ndez P&#233;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "206"
                        "paginaFinal" => "212"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Crecimiento postnatal hasta el alta hospitalaria en reci&#233;n nacidos extremadamente prematuros"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Garcia-Mu&#241;oz Rodrigo"
                            1 => "J&#46; Figueras Aloy"
                            2 => "P&#46; Saavedra Santana"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "87"
                        "paginaInicial" => "301"
                        "paginaFinal" => "310"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fetal growth and postnatal growth failure in very-low-birth weight infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46;A&#46; Marks"
                            1 => "B&#46; Reichman"
                            2 => "A&#46; Lusky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Paediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "236"
                        "paginaFinal" => "242"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Growth failure in the preterm infant&#58; can we catch up&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Dusick"
                            1 => "B&#46;B&#46; Poindexter"
                            2 => "R&#46;A&#46; Ehrenkranz"
                            3 => "J&#46;A&#46; Lemons"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Semin Perinatol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "302"
                        "paginaFinal" => "310"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Preterm infant growth velocity calculations&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;R&#46; Fenton"
                            1 => "H&#46;T&#46; Chan"
                            2 => "A&#46; Madhu"
                            3 => "I&#46;J&#46; Griffin"
                            4 => "A&#46; Hoyos"
                            5 => "E&#46;E&#46; Ziegler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "139"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2016"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2045"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Physiological adjustment to postnatal growth trajectories in healthy preterm infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Rochow"
                            1 => "P&#46; Raja"
                            2 => "K&#46; Liu"
                            3 => "T&#46; Fenton"
                            4 => "E&#46; Landau-Crangle"
                            5 => "S&#46; G&#246;ttler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Res"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "870"
                        "paginaFinal" => "879"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Growth in the neonatal intensive care unit influences neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;A&#46; Ehrenkranz"
                            1 => "A&#46;M&#46; Dusick"
                            2 => "B&#46;R&#46; Vohr"
                            3 => "L&#46;L&#46; Wright"
                            4 => "L&#46;A&#46; Wrage"
                            5 => "W&#46;K&#46; Poole"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "117"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1253"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1261"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The relationship of poor linear growth velocity with neonatal illness and two-year neurodevelopment in preterm infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;E&#46; Ramel"
                            1 => "E&#46;W&#46; Demerath"
                            2 => "H&#46;L&#46; Gray"
                            3 => "N&#46; Younge"
                            4 => "C&#46; Boys"
                            5 => "M&#46;K&#46; Georgieff"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neonatology"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "102"
                        "paginaInicial" => "19"
                        "paginaFinal" => "24"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;K&#46; Ong"
                            1 => "K&#46; Kennedy"
                            2 => "E&#46; Casta&#241;eda-Guti&#233;rrez"
                            3 => "S&#46; Forsyth"
                            4 => "K&#46;M&#46; Godfrey"
                            5 => "B&#46; Koletzko"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Paediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "104"
                        "paginaInicial" => "974"
                        "paginaFinal" => "986"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intrauterine&#44; early neonatal&#44; and postdischarge growth and neurodevelopmental outcome at 5&#46;4 years in extremely preterm infants after intensive neonatal nutritional support"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;R&#46; Franz"
                            1 => "F&#46; Pohlandt"
                            2 => "H&#46; Bode"
                            3 => "W&#46;A&#46; Mihatsch"
                            4 => "S&#46; Sander"
                            5 => "M&#46; Kron"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "123"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e101"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e109"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46;R&#46; Fenton"
                            1 => "J&#46;H&#46; Kim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "59"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Birth weight and longitudinal growth in infants born below 32 weeks&#8217; gestation&#58; A UK population study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Neonatal data analysis unit and the preterm growth investigator group"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "T&#46;J&#46; Cole"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Statnikov"
                            2 => "S&#46; Santhakumaran"
                            3 => "H&#46; Pan"
                            4 => "N&#46; Modi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "99"
                        "paginaInicial" => "F34"
                        "paginaFinal" => "F40"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants of gestational age &#60; or &#61; 32 weeks"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Sakurai"
                            1 => "K&#46; Itabashi"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Sato"
                            3 => "S&#46; Hibino"
                            4 => "K&#46; Mizuno"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Int"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "70"
                        "paginaFinal" => "75"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network&#44; January 1995 through December 1996&#46; NICHD Neonatal Research Network"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Lemons"
                            1 => "C&#46;R&#46; Bauer"
                            2 => "W&#46; Oh"
                            3 => "S&#46;B&#46; Korones"
                            4 => "L&#46;A&#46; Papile"
                            5 => "B&#46;J&#46; Stoll"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "107"
                        "paginaInicial" => "E1"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Growth in preterm infants until 36 weeks&#8217; postmenstrual age is close to target recommendations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; S&#225;enz de Pipa&#243;n"
                            1 => "M&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Biarge"
                            2 => "I&#46; Dorronsoro"
                            3 => "S&#46; Salas"
                            4 => "R&#46; Madero"
                            5 => "G&#46;&#193;&#46; Martos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neonatology"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "106"
                        "paginaInicial" => "30"
                        "paginaFinal" => "36"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Red SEN-1500&#46; Variabilidad en las pr&#225;cticas sobre alimentaci&#243;n enteral del prematuro entre hospitales espa&#241;oles de la red SEN-1500"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Moreno Algarra"
                            1 => "V&#46; Fern&#225;ndez Romero"
                            2 => "T&#46; S&#225;nchez Tamayo"
                            3 => "M&#46;G&#46; Espinosa Fern&#225;ndez"
                            4 => "E&#46; Salguero Garc&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "87"
                        "paginaInicial" => "245"
                        "paginaFinal" => "252"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factors associated with growth of extremely premature infants during initial hospitalization"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Berry"
                            1 => "M&#46; Abrahamowicz"
                            2 => "R&#46;H&#46; Usher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "640"
                        "paginaFinal" => "646"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Growth of very premature infants fed intravenous hyperalimentation and calcium-supplemented formula"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Berry"
                            1 => "H&#46; Conrod"
                            2 => "R&#46;H&#46; Usher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "647"
                        "paginaFinal" => "653"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Optimizing early nutritional support based on recent recommendations in VLBW infants and postnatal growth restriction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Senterre"
                            1 => "J&#46; Rigo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "536"
                        "paginaFinal" => "542"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anthropometric and laboratory assessment of very low birth weight infants&#58; the most helpful measurements and why"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46;J&#46; Moyer-Mileur"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Semin Perinatol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "96"
                        "paginaFinal" => "103"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The role of initial monitoring of routine biochemical nutritional markers in critically ill children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Hulst"
                            1 => "J&#46;B&#46; van Goudoever"
                            2 => "L&#46;J&#46;I&#46; Zimmermann"
                            3 => "D&#46; Tibboel"
                            4 => "K&#46;F&#46;M&#46; Joosten"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Nutr Biochem"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "57"
                        "paginaFinal" => "62"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nutrient intakes and growth of very low birth weight infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Carlson"
                            1 => "E&#46;E&#46; Ziegler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Perinatol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "252"
                        "paginaFinal" => "258"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Blood urea nitrogen concentration as a marker of amino-acid intolerance in neonates with birthweight less than 1250 g"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Ridout"
                            1 => "D&#46; Melara"
                            2 => "S&#46; Rottinghaus"
                            3 => "P&#46;J&#46; Thureen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Perinatol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "130"
                        "paginaFinal" => "133"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Blood urea nitrogen concentrations in low-birth-weight preterm infants during parenteral and enteral nutrition"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Roggero"
                            1 => "M&#46;L&#46; Giann&#236;"
                            2 => "L&#46; Morlacchi"
                            3 => "P&#46; Piemontese"
                            4 => "N&#46; Liotto"
                            5 => "F&#46; Taroni"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "213"
                        "paginaFinal" => "215"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/23412879/0000008900000006/v1_201812020629/S2341287918301650/v1_201812020629/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "26005"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original Articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23412879/0000008900000006/v1_201812020629/S2341287918301650/v1_201812020629/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00005H&text.app=https://analesdepediatria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287918301650?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
]

Article information

ISSN: 23412879
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.anpede.2018.02.004

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	9	4	13
2024 October	47	32	79
2024 September	58	27	85
2024 August	70	72	142
2024 July	54	42	96
2024 June	68	38	106
2024 May	47	36	83
2024 April	58	34	92
2024 March	44	22	66
2024 February	43	29	72
2024 January	52	26	78
2023 December	28	19	47
2023 November	38	27	65
2023 October	41	23	64
2023 September	43	25	68
2023 August	45	26	71
2023 July	61	37	98
2023 June	29	39	68
2023 May	53	35	88
2023 April	40	21	61
2023 March	55	30	85
2023 February	49	19	68
2023 January	43	23	66
2022 December	98	19	117
2022 November	90	35	125
2022 October	130	46	176
2022 September	53	33	86
2022 August	100	52	152
2022 July	95	41	136
2022 June	53	30	83
2022 May	60	45	105
2022 April	48	33	81
2022 March	63	58	121
2022 February	49	25	74
2022 January	39	26	65
2021 December	39	53	92
2021 November	56	54	110
2021 October	74	76	150
2021 September	35	34	69
2021 August	42	40	82
2021 July	36	26	62
2021 June	53	33	86
2021 May	58	46	104
2021 April	68	65	133
2021 March	52	25	77
2021 February	60	21	81
2021 January	44	20	64
2020 December	57	12	69
2020 November	25	25	50
2020 October	20	23	43
2020 September	29	16	45
2020 August	21	14	35
2020 July	23	22	45
2020 June	38	13	51
2020 May	36	18	54
2020 April	26	19	45
2020 March	29	17	46
2020 February	31	15	46
2020 January	45	27	72
2019 December	90	16	106
2019 November	39	10	49
2019 October	25	9	34
2019 September	34	12	46
2019 August	119	25	144
2019 July	40	16	56
2019 June	31	16	47
2019 May	54	11	65
2019 April	57	24	81
2019 March	52	15	67
2019 February	50	16	66
2019 January	54	26	80
2018 December	192	62	254
2018 November	74	17	91
2018 October	45	24	69

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter