Long-term outcomes of children treated with continuous renal replacement therapy

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"apellidos" => "Carrillo" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Red de salud Maternoinfantil y del Desarrollo (Red SAMID), Madrid, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Evolución a largo plazo de los niños tratados con técnicas de depuración extrarrenal continua" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 973 "Ancho" => 1572 "Tamanyo" => 68452 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Creatinine progress (median and interquartile range) throughout evolution. CRRT: continuous extrarenal depuration technique." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionAcute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI), which is currently the most used term, is a frequent complication in children who are in critical condition. Its incidence varies between 4.5% and 82%, according to the definition and characteristics of the studied population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">1</a>AKI is associated with high rates of hospital mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">2</a> Mortality rates differ according to studies,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160">3–9</a> depending on the nature of the underlying disease and the severity of renal failure; it is higher in children under the age of two years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">10</a>The aetiology of AKI differs between adults and children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">11</a> The most common causes for AKI in children are tubular necrosis due to heart surgery, shock and/or sepsis, haemolytic uraemic syndrome and, less frequently, acute glomerulonephritis, urinary tract obstruction, toxins (including drugs) and renal parenchymal disease or renal parenchymal disease caused by complications of systemic disorders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">12</a>In adults in critical condition 9.2% of patients with AKI who need renal replacement therapy (RRT) develop chronic renal failure (CRF) or develop it as the disease progresses.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">13</a> However, study results in adults cannot be extrapolated to children because, among other reasons, adults have more comorbidities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">11</a>The severity of renal failure, the need for RRT and the number of episodes of AKI are associated with a poorer evolution.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">14</a>In addition, it has been observed that minor though severe changes in renal function can cause short-term and long-term complications, such as CRF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">15</a>There are very few studies that have analysed the long-term evolution of AKI in children, and some of them have only analysed the prognosis of children with primary renal disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">16</a>The aim of this study is to analyse the long-term prognosis and renal function of children who have required RRT.Patients and methodsA retrospective observational study was performed by reviewing the clinical records of patients included in a prospective database of children who required RRT during their admission to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between 2006 and 2012. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee.All the patients between the age of one month and 18 years who were diagnosed with paediatric AKI according to KDIGO criteria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">17</a> and who were treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and survived after being discharged from the PICU were selected. The demographic data, the clinical severity scores from the Paediatric Risk of Mortality 2 index,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">18</a> the Paediatric Index of Mortality 2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">19</a> and the Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">20</a> the characteristics of the CRRT during admission to the PICU, and progress after being discharged from the PICU were analysed. At each clinical examination, the following parameters were recorded: haemogram (haemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets), biochemistry (urea, creatinine, albumin, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, magnesium) cystatin, glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin levels (estimated glomerular filtration rate)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">21</a>, vitamin D, parathormone, arterial blood gas (pH, bicarbonate, base excess), lactic acid, renal ultrasound scan, number of admissions and their characteristics (cause, need and type of renal replacement therapy) and treatment during evolution (bicarbonate, calcium and protein restriction), and mortality (cause and date).A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 21.0. Qualitative variables are presented as percentages and quantitative variables as medians and interquartile range (IQR) (25th and 75th percentiles), since the population did not have a normal distribution.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-eight patients were treated with CRRT between 2006 and 2012. Fifty-seven patients (44.5%) died in the PICU.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> summarises the patients’ evolution. Out of the 71 patients who survived and were discharged from the hospital, nine died subsequently, six (66.7%) due to heart problems, two (22.2%) due to multiple organ failure and one (11.1%) due to brain death, and 57 are currently still alive (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). None of the nine patients died due to renal alterations.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The demographic and RRT data from the 71 patients discharged from the PICU are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. Forty-nine (69%) were male. The most frequent diagnosis was congenital cardiopathy in 50 patients (70.4%) (39 patients after heart surgery and seven after a heart transplant), followed by septic shock in seven patients (9.8%). The other 14 patients (19.7%) were admitted for other reasons (four after abdominal surgery, one after respiratory tract surgery, one due to haemolytic uraemic syndrome, two due to tumour lysis syndrome, three due to congenital metabolic diseases, one due to peritonitis associated with a catheter for peritoneal dialysis, one due to massive thrombosis of mitral prosthesis and one due to glomerulonephritis [in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma]).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The average stay at the PICU was 27 days (IQR: 16.5–47.5) and the average duration of mechanical ventilation was 14 days (IQR 7.5–27.5). Twenty patients (28.1%) needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Analytical data before and after CRRT are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. Only two patients (2.8%) needed dialysis techniques at the time of discharge from the PICU (one had haemolytic uraemic syndrome and another a previous CRF).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Subsequent follow-up<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> summarises patients’ evolution. Sixty-six patients (92.5%) were monitored after being discharged from the hospital, with an average follow-up period of 40.4 months (IQR 18.4–64.8 months).In three patients, kidney function alterations lasted over one month and three other children had relapses or new AKI episodes: their characteristics and evolution are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. One of them, an infant with ARF who was later diagnosed with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome, suffered from end-stage renal failure and was dialysis-dependant for more than three months, which required renal transplantation.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Three patients had CRF before admission to the PICU. The first had nail-patella syndrome with focal segmental glomeruloesclerosis. Subsequently, he underwent renal transplantation and needed CRRT again after surgery, with favourable progress. The second patient was readmitted for a heart retransplant. His progress was favourable and did not need CRRT. The third patient, diagnosed with lupus erythematosus and associated nephropathy, was admitted due to pneumococcal sepsis and needed CRRT. He progressed well and is currently asymptomatic, with immunosuppressant treatment. At the end of the study, none of the three patients’ renal function had worsened compared with their previous state.The rest of the patients had normal renal function at the time of the last follow-up visit.The blood test results from the last check-up are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>. In 15 patients, urea levels were over 40, but only three patients had creatinine levels over 1mg/dl (one of the patients with previous CRF who had 1.5mg/dl creatinine, an 18-year-old male with 1.1mg/dl creatinine, which was normal for his age, and a 23-year-old male with a heart transplant undergoing immunosuppressant treatment with tacrolimus who had 1.5mg/dl creatinine). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a> shown the changes in creatinine. There were no significant changes in creatinine after discharge from the PICU (p=0.892). None of the patients had hyperpotassaemia and only four patients had mild metabolic acidosis. The rest of the analytical parameters were normal. In 52 (78.7%) patients who underwent follow-up a renal ultrasound scan was performed, which was normal in 35 (67.3%). Ten (19.2%) had cortical hyperechogenicity, two (3.8%) had an associated uropathy and five (9.6%) other non-relevant findings.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>During follow-up visits, 59 (89.4%) patients needed to be admitted to hospital. Out of the total of readmissions, 180 (43.5%) were due to heart conditions and 41 (9.9%) due to renal conditions (most of the readmissions were for patients who had end-stage renal failure and needed renal transplantation).DiscussionIn adults, AKI is associated with a higher risk of CRF, and a high number of patients who need RRT after an AKI episode evolves into CRF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">9,13,14,22–28</a> In a study performed by Lowell in 703 patients with AKI and RRT, 65 (9.2%) developed CRF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">13</a>There are several elements that seem to be associated with the development of CRF after an AKI episode: older age, comorbidities,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155">2,28</a> clinical duration and acuteness,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215">14,26,27</a> number of AKI episodes,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">14</a> partial recovery of renal function after the acute episode,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">26</a> renal disease aetiology<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">23</a> and the existence of previous CRF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">25,27</a>There are very few studies that have analysed the long-term evolution of children with ARF; some have analysed patients with AKI and, others, like ours, only those who had required RRT. Our work is one of the studies that analyses the long-term evolution of a higher number of paediatric patients (71 children) who needed CRRT for a long period (seven years).Askenazi et al. studied 174 children who survived an ARF episode for 3–5 years. Sixteen developed CRF after the acute episode, and only 29 of the remaining 126 could be followed-up. Six of these had hyperfiltration and two microalbuminuria, and were the only ones who needed RRT in the acute episode.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">11</a>Mammen et al. prospectively monitored for three years the renal function of 126 children who had had AKI, although only 22 had needed RRT. All the patients survived the AKI episode and recovered their previous renal function, except for one who progressed to dialysis dependency. During follow-up, 10% developed CRF and 38% had a slight decrease in renal function. Another 3.2% developed hypertension and 8.2% hyperfiltration, which are long-term risk factors for CRF. In this study, the need for acute dialysis was significantly associated with the development of CRF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">1</a>Spizzirri et al. analysed the evolution of 118 children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome who were monitored for at least 10 years. Of these, 3.4% developed end-stage renal failure and 37% a slight decrease in clearance, hypertension or urine protein.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">16</a>In our study, most of the children who needed CRRT regained long-term renal function. Only six patients presented prolonged alterations or relapses, and just one of them, with atypical haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, developed end-stage renal failure. Our results contrast with those of other paediatric studies, which found that a higher number of children with AKI subsequently evolved into CRF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">11</a> This could be because most of our patients had AKI of non-renal origin, caused by cardiogenic shock after heart surgery or by septic shock. When these patients develop multiple organ failure, mortality rates are high, but if they survive, they regain their renal function completely. Children with AKI of renal origin, meanwhile, have lower mortality rates, but the long-term evolution of renal function is worse. This is also the case for adults.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">23</a>The percentage of readmissions in our study is very high (89.4%). However, it must be taken into consideration that both the initial AKI episode and the readmissions were caused by the underlying pathology of the patient, mostly congenital cardiopathies, and not by the renal problem. Only nine of our patients died after being discharged from the hospital and none of the deaths were caused by renal alterations.Our study has some limitations. The main one is that it is a retrospective analysis that has prevented us from obtaining all renal function parameters, since there was no programmed follow-up of the patients. Therefore, it has not been possible to detect minor alterations in renal functions, such as urine protein, microalbuminuria or hyperfiltration, which can predict the risk of developing long-term CRF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150">1,11</a> On the other hand, there was no record of diuresis prior to initiating CRRT in our database, nor of the percentage of patients who met AKI criteria due to diuresis alterations and/or creatinine levels. Thus, it is possible that some of the patients who were included in the study had been treated only for diuretic-resistant hypervolemy. Consequently, our study only shows the evolution of patients who needed treatment with CRRT and it is not possible to analyse the association between the evolution of the long-term renal function with diuresis or the severity of the renal alteration before treatment.Lastly, this is a unicentric study, with a high percentage of children who developed AKI due to cardiogenic shock after heart surgery, and it is possible that it does not represent the general population.For these reasons, it is necessary to perform multicentric prospective studies that analyse the evolution of children who have had AKI with a specific renal function follow-up protocol.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150">1,11,29</a>ConclusionsMost of the children who need CRRT and survived the acute episode regained renal function in the medium term, and are now making good progress.Conflict of interestsThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres597272" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec611989" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres597273" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec611990" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Subsequent follow-up" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2014-07-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-12-29" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec611989" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Acute kidney injury" 1 => "Acute renal failure" 2 => "Continuous renal replacement therapy" 3 => "Chronic renal failure" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec611990" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Daño renal agudo" 1 => "Insuficiencia renal aguda" 2 => "Técnicas de depuración extrarrenal continua" 3 => "Insuficiencia renal crónica" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionThe objective of this study is to analyse long-term outcomes and kidney function in children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after an acute kidney injury episode. Patients and methodsA retrospective observational study was performed using a prospective database of 128 patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit between years 2006 and 2012 who required CRRT. The subsequent outcomes were assessed in those surviving at hospital discharge. ResultsOf the 128 children who required CRRT in the paediatric intensive care unit, 71 survived at hospital discharge (54.4%), of whom 66 (92.9%) were followed up. Three patients had chronic renal failure prior to admission to the PICU. Of the 63 remaining patients, 6 had prolonged or relapses of renal function disturbances, but only one patient with atypical hemolytic uraemic syndrome developed end-stage renal failure. The rest had normal kidney function at the last check-up. ConclusionsMost of surviving children that required CRRT have a positive outcome, presenting low mortality rates and recovery of kidney function in the medium term." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "IntroducciónEl objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evolución a largo plazo y la función renal de los niños que han requerido técnicas de depuración extrarrenal continua (TDEC) tras un daño renal agudo. Pacientes y métodosSe realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo sobre una base de datos prospectiva en 128 pacientes que requirieron TDEC durante su ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátrica (UCIP) durante los años 2006 a 2012. Se analizó la evolución de los pacientes que sobrevivieron al alta de la UCIP. ResultadosSetenta y uno de los 128 niños tratados con TDEC, un 54,4%, sobrevivió al alta y se realizó el seguimiento en 66 de ellos (92,9%). Tres pacientes presentaban insuficiencia renal crónica previa al ingreso en UCIP. De los 63 pacientes restantes, 6 presentaron alteración de la función renal prolongada o recaídas, pero solo un paciente con un síndrome hemolítico-urémico atípico quedó en insuficiencia renal terminal, presentando el resto una función renal normal en la última revisión. ConclusionesLa mayoría de los niños que precisan TDEC y que sobreviven al episodio agudo presentan una buena evolución posterior con baja mortalidad y recuperación de la función renal a medio plazo." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Almarza S, Bialobrzeska K, Casellas MM, Santiago MJ, López-Herce J, Toledo B, et al. Evolución a largo plazo de los niños tratados con técnicas de depuración extrarrenal continua. An Pediatr (Barc). 2015;83:404–409." ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1547 "Ancho" => 1594 "Tamanyo" => 81784 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Evolution of patients with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 973 "Ancho" => 1572 "Tamanyo" => 68452 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Creatinine progress (median and interquartile range) throughout evolution. CRRT: continuous extrarenal depuration technique." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "P25: 25th percentile; P75: 75th percentile." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Age (months) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Weight (kg) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PRISM 2 (mortality risk) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PIM 2% (mortality risk) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PELOD % (mortality risk) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lactic (mEq/l) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Total duration of technique (h) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">158 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">85.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">293 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab976868.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "General data from the 71 patients." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Initial value</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Final value</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Urea (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">72.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">25.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">104.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">35.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">26.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">52.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Uric (mg/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">9.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Potassium (mEq/l) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelets \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">156,500 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">84,750 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">238,000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">119,500 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">75,500 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">189,500 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab976866.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Biochemical data before and after CRRT." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "AKI: acute kidney injury; RF: renal failure: ESKD: end-stage kidney disease; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy, PTE: pulmonary thromboembolism." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age (months) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gender \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Progress \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Atypical haemolytic-uraemic syndrome \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ESKD. Renal transplantation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Congenital cardiopathy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">New AKI that required CRRT following surgery. Complete recovery of renal function. Died after one year due to cardiac arrest caused by brain death. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">180 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Glomerulonephritis. Hodgkin lymphoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">New moderate AKI due to meningococcal sepsis, no CRRT required. Full recovery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Meningococcal sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Moderate 3-month RF that does not require RRT. Full recovery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Congenital cardiopathy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Readmission due to PTE that required CRRT. Full recovery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Congenital cardiopathy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Prolonged 7-month RF that required CRRT. Full recovery after heart transplant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab976869.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of patients with prolonged alteration of renal function and/or relapse." ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "BE: base excess; GFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; PTH: parathormone." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Haemoglobin (g/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Leukocytes (cells/mcl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Platelets (cells/mcl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">211,000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">149,500 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">262,500 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">pH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bicarbonate (mmol/l) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−2.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lactic acid (mmol/l) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Urea (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sodium (mEq/l) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">138 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">136 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">141 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Potassium (mEq/l) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Chloride (mEq/l) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">102 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">104 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calcium (mg/dl) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Phosphorus (mg/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4,8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Magnesium (mEq/l) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Vitamin D (ng/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PTH (pg/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">111.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">126 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cystatin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab976867.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Haemogram, arterial blood gas and biochemistry at last check-up." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term risk of CKD in children surviving episodes of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. 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Original Article

Long-term outcomes of children treated with continuous renal replacement therapy

Evolución a largo plazo de los niños tratados con técnicas de depuración extrarrenal continua

S. Almarza, K. Bialobrzeska, M.M. Casellas, M.J. Santiago, J. López-Herce

Corresponding author

pielvi@hotmail.com
jesuslopezherce@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.

, B. Toledo, Á. Carrillo

Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Red de salud Maternoinfantil y del Desarrollo (Red SAMID), Madrid, Spain

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it is higher in children under the age of two years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aetiology of AKI differs between adults and children&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> The most common causes for AKI in children are tubular necrosis due to heart surgery&#44; shock and&#47;or sepsis&#44; haemolytic uraemic syndrome and&#44; less frequently&#44; acute glomerulonephritis&#44; urinary tract obstruction&#44; toxins &#40;including drugs&#41; and renal parenchymal disease or renal parenchymal disease caused by complications of systemic disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In adults in critical condition 9&#46;2&#37; of patients with AKI who need renal replacement therapy &#40;RRT&#41; develop chronic renal failure &#40;CRF&#41; or develop it as the disease progresses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> However&#44; study results in adults cannot be extrapolated to children because&#44; among other reasons&#44; adults have more comorbidities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The severity of renal failure&#44; the need for RRT and the number of episodes of AKI are associated with a poorer evolution&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; it has been observed that minor though severe changes in renal function can cause short-term and long-term complications&#44; such as CRF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are very few studies that have analysed the long-term evolution of AKI in children&#44; and some of them have only analysed the prognosis of children with primary renal disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study is to analyse the long-term prognosis and renal function of children who have required RRT&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients and methods</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective observational study was performed by reviewing the clinical records of patients included in a prospective database of children who required RRT during their admission to a paediatric intensive care unit &#40;PICU&#41; between 2006 and 2012&#46; The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the patients between the age of one month and 18 years who were diagnosed with paediatric AKI according to KDIGO criteria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> and who were treated with continuous renal replacement therapy &#40;CRRT&#41; and survived after being discharged from the PICU were selected&#46; The demographic data&#44; the clinical severity scores from the Paediatric Risk of Mortality 2 index&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> the Paediatric Index of Mortality 2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and the Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> the characteristics of the CRRT during admission to the PICU&#44; and progress after being discharged from the PICU were analysed&#46; At each clinical examination&#44; the following parameters were recorded&#58; haemogram &#40;haemoglobin&#44; leukocytes&#44; platelets&#41;&#44; biochemistry &#40;urea&#44; creatinine&#44; albumin&#44; sodium&#44; potassium&#44; chloride&#44; calcium&#44; phosphate&#44; magnesium&#41; cystatin&#44; glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin levels &#40;estimated glomerular filtration rate&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#44; vitamin D&#44; parathormone&#44; arterial blood gas &#40;pH&#44; bicarbonate&#44; base excess&#41;&#44; lactic acid&#44; renal ultrasound scan&#44; number of admissions and their characteristics &#40;cause&#44; need and type of renal replacement therapy&#41; and treatment during evolution &#40;bicarbonate&#44; calcium and protein restriction&#41;&#44; and mortality &#40;cause and date&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 21&#46;0&#46; Qualitative variables are presented as percentages and quantitative variables as medians and interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41; &#40;25th and 75th percentiles&#41;&#44; since the population did not have a normal distribution&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One hundred and twenty-eight patients were treated with CRRT between 2006 and 2012&#46; Fifty-seven patients &#40;44&#46;5&#37;&#41; died in the PICU&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> summarises the patients&#8217; evolution&#46; Out of the 71 patients who survived and were discharged from the hospital&#44; nine died subsequently&#44; six &#40;66&#46;7&#37;&#41; due to heart problems&#44; two &#40;22&#46;2&#37;&#41; due to multiple organ failure and one &#40;11&#46;1&#37;&#41; due to brain death&#44; and 57 are currently still alive &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; None of the nine patients died due to renal alterations&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The demographic and RRT data from the 71 patients discharged from the PICU are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Forty-nine &#40;69&#37;&#41; were male&#46; The most frequent diagnosis was congenital cardiopathy in 50 patients &#40;70&#46;4&#37;&#41; &#40;39 patients after heart surgery and seven after a heart transplant&#41;&#44; followed by septic shock in seven patients &#40;9&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; The other 14 patients &#40;19&#46;7&#37;&#41; were admitted for other reasons &#40;four after abdominal surgery&#44; one after respiratory tract surgery&#44; one due to haemolytic uraemic syndrome&#44; two due to tumour lysis syndrome&#44; three due to congenital metabolic diseases&#44; one due to peritonitis associated with a catheter for peritoneal dialysis&#44; one due to massive thrombosis of mitral prosthesis and one due to glomerulonephritis &#91;in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average stay at the PICU was 27 days &#40;IQR&#58; 16&#46;5&#8211;47&#46;5&#41; and the average duration of mechanical ventilation was 14 days &#40;IQR 7&#46;5&#8211;27&#46;5&#41;&#46; Twenty patients &#40;28&#46;1&#37;&#41; needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analytical data before and after CRRT are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; Only two patients &#40;2&#46;8&#37;&#41; needed dialysis techniques at the time of discharge from the PICU &#40;one had haemolytic uraemic syndrome and another a previous CRF&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Subsequent follow-up</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> summarises patients&#8217; evolution&#46; Sixty-six patients &#40;92&#46;5&#37;&#41; were monitored after being discharged from the hospital&#44; with an average follow-up period of 40&#46;4 months &#40;IQR 18&#46;4&#8211;64&#46;8 months&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In three patients&#44; kidney function alterations lasted over one month and three other children had relapses or new AKI episodes&#58; their characteristics and evolution are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46; One of them&#44; an infant with ARF who was later diagnosed with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome&#44; suffered from end-stage renal failure and was dialysis-dependant for more than three months&#44; which required renal transplantation&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Three patients had CRF before admission to the PICU&#46; The first had nail-patella syndrome with focal segmental glomeruloesclerosis&#46; Subsequently&#44; he underwent renal transplantation and needed CRRT again after surgery&#44; with favourable progress&#46; The second patient was readmitted for a heart retransplant&#46; His progress was favourable and did not need CRRT&#46; The third patient&#44; diagnosed with lupus erythematosus and associated nephropathy&#44; was admitted due to pneumococcal sepsis and needed CRRT&#46; He progressed well and is currently asymptomatic&#44; with immunosuppressant treatment&#46; At the end of the study&#44; none of the three patients&#8217; renal function had worsened compared with their previous state&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The rest of the patients had normal renal function at the time of the last follow-up visit&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The blood test results from the last check-up are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#46; In 15 patients&#44; urea levels were over 40&#44; but only three patients had creatinine levels over 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;one of the patients with previous CRF who had 1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl creatinine&#44; an 18-year-old male with 1&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl creatinine&#44; which was normal for his age&#44; and a 23-year-old male with a heart transplant undergoing immunosuppressant treatment with tacrolimus who had 1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl creatinine&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> shown the changes in creatinine&#46; There were no significant changes in creatinine after discharge from the PICU &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;892&#41;&#46; None of the patients had hyperpotassaemia and only four patients had mild metabolic acidosis&#46; The rest of the analytical parameters were normal&#46; In 52 &#40;78&#46;7&#37;&#41; patients who underwent follow-up a renal ultrasound scan was performed&#44; which was normal in 35 &#40;67&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Ten &#40;19&#46;2&#37;&#41; had cortical hyperechogenicity&#44; two &#40;3&#46;8&#37;&#41; had an associated uropathy and five &#40;9&#46;6&#37;&#41; other non-relevant findings&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During follow-up visits&#44; 59 &#40;89&#46;4&#37;&#41; patients needed to be admitted to hospital&#46; Out of the total of readmissions&#44; 180 &#40;43&#46;5&#37;&#41; were due to heart conditions and 41 &#40;9&#46;9&#37;&#41; due to renal conditions &#40;most of the readmissions were for patients who had end-stage renal failure and needed renal transplantation&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discussion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In adults&#44; AKI is associated with a higher risk of CRF&#44; and a high number of patients who need RRT after an AKI episode evolves into CRF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;13&#44;14&#44;22&#8211;28</span></a> In a study performed by Lowell in 703 patients with AKI and RRT&#44; 65 &#40;9&#46;2&#37;&#41; developed CRF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are several elements that seem to be associated with the development of CRF after an AKI episode&#58; older age&#44; comorbidities&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;28</span></a> clinical duration and acuteness&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;26&#44;27</span></a> number of AKI episodes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> partial recovery of renal function after the acute episode&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> renal disease aetiology<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> and the existence of previous CRF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;27</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are very few studies that have analysed the long-term evolution of children with ARF&#59; some have analysed patients with AKI and&#44; others&#44; like ours&#44; only those who had required RRT&#46; Our work is one of the studies that analyses the long-term evolution of a higher number of paediatric patients &#40;71 children&#41; who needed CRRT for a long period &#40;seven years&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Askenazi et al&#46; studied 174 children who survived an ARF episode for 3&#8211;5 years&#46; Sixteen developed CRF after the acute episode&#44; and only 29 of the remaining 126 could be followed-up&#46; Six of these had hyperfiltration and two microalbuminuria&#44; and were the only ones who needed RRT in the acute episode&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mammen et al&#46; prospectively monitored for three years the renal function of 126 children who had had AKI&#44; although only 22 had needed RRT&#46; All the patients survived the AKI episode and recovered their previous renal function&#44; except for one who progressed to dialysis dependency&#46; During follow-up&#44; 10&#37; developed CRF and 38&#37; had a slight decrease in renal function&#46; Another 3&#46;2&#37; developed hypertension and 8&#46;2&#37; hyperfiltration&#44; which are long-term risk factors for CRF&#46; In this study&#44; the need for acute dialysis was significantly associated with the development of CRF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Spizzirri et al&#46; analysed the evolution of 118 children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome who were monitored for at least 10 years&#46; Of these&#44; 3&#46;4&#37; developed end-stage renal failure and 37&#37; a slight decrease in clearance&#44; hypertension or urine protein&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; most of the children who needed CRRT regained long-term renal function&#46; Only six patients presented prolonged alterations or relapses&#44; and just one of them&#44; with atypical haemolytic-uraemic syndrome&#44; developed end-stage renal failure&#46; Our results contrast with those of other paediatric studies&#44; which found that a higher number of children with AKI subsequently evolved into CRF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> This could be because most of our patients had AKI of non-renal origin&#44; caused by cardiogenic shock after heart surgery or by septic shock&#46; When these patients develop multiple organ failure&#44; mortality rates are high&#44; but if they survive&#44; they regain their renal function completely&#46; Children with AKI of renal origin&#44; meanwhile&#44; have lower mortality rates&#44; but the long-term evolution of renal function is worse&#46; This is also the case for adults&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The percentage of readmissions in our study is very high &#40;89&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; However&#44; it must be taken into consideration that both the initial AKI episode and the readmissions were caused by the underlying pathology of the patient&#44; mostly congenital cardiopathies&#44; and not by the renal problem&#46; Only nine of our patients died after being discharged from the hospital and none of the deaths were caused by renal alterations&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study has some limitations&#46; The main one is that it is a retrospective analysis that has prevented us from obtaining all renal function parameters&#44; since there was no programmed follow-up of the patients&#46; Therefore&#44; it has not been possible to detect minor alterations in renal functions&#44; such as urine protein&#44; microalbuminuria or hyperfiltration&#44; which can predict the risk of developing long-term CRF&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;11</span></a> On the other hand&#44; there was no record of diuresis prior to initiating CRRT in our database&#44; nor of the percentage of patients who met AKI criteria due to diuresis alterations and&#47;or creatinine levels&#46; Thus&#44; it is possible that some of the patients who were included in the study had been treated only for diuretic-resistant hypervolemy&#46; Consequently&#44; our study only shows the evolution of patients who needed treatment with CRRT and it is not possible to analyse the association between the evolution of the long-term renal function with diuresis or the severity of the renal alteration before treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lastly&#44; this is a unicentric study&#44; with a high percentage of children who developed AKI due to cardiogenic shock after heart surgery&#44; and it is possible that it does not represent the general population&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For these reasons&#44; it is necessary to perform multicentric prospective studies that analyse the evolution of children who have had AKI with a specific renal function follow-up protocol&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;11&#44;29</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusions</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most of the children who need CRRT and survived the acute episode regained renal function in the medium term&#44; and are now making good progress&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            1 => "Acute renal failure"
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            0 => "Da&#241;o renal agudo"
            1 => "Insuficiencia renal aguda"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study is to analyse long-term outcomes and kidney function in children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy &#40;CRRT&#41; after an acute kidney injury episode&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective observational study was performed using a prospective database of 128 patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit between years 2006 and 2012 who required CRRT&#46; The subsequent outcomes were assessed in those surviving at hospital discharge&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of the 128 children who required CRRT in the paediatric intensive care unit&#44; 71 survived at hospital discharge &#40;54&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; of whom 66 &#40;92&#46;9&#37;&#41; were followed up&#46; Three patients had chronic renal failure prior to admission to the PICU&#46; Of the 63 remaining patients&#44; 6 had prolonged or relapses of renal function disturbances&#44; but only one patient with atypical hemolytic uraemic syndrome developed end-stage renal failure&#46; The rest had normal kidney function at the last check-up&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Most of surviving children that required CRRT have a positive outcome&#44; presenting low mortality rates and recovery of kidney function in the medium term&#46;</p></span>"
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      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evoluci&#243;n a largo plazo y la funci&#243;n renal de los ni&#241;os que han requerido t&#233;cnicas de depuraci&#243;n extrarrenal continua &#40;TDEC&#41; tras un da&#241;o renal agudo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio observacional retrospectivo sobre una base de datos prospectiva en 128 pacientes que requirieron TDEC durante su ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;trica &#40;UCIP&#41; durante los a&#241;os 2006 a 2012&#46; Se analiz&#243; la evoluci&#243;n de los pacientes que sobrevivieron al alta de la UCIP&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Setenta y uno de los 128 ni&#241;os tratados con TDEC&#44; un 54&#44;4&#37;&#44; sobrevivi&#243; al alta y se realiz&#243; el seguimiento en 66 de ellos &#40;92&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Tres pacientes presentaban insuficiencia renal cr&#243;nica previa al ingreso en UCIP&#46; De los 63 pacientes restantes&#44; 6 presentaron alteraci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n renal prolongada o reca&#237;das&#44; pero solo un paciente con un s&#237;ndrome hemol&#237;tico-ur&#233;mico at&#237;pico qued&#243; en insuficiencia renal terminal&#44; presentando el resto una funci&#243;n renal normal en la &#250;ltima revisi&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mayor&#237;a de los ni&#241;os que precisan TDEC y que sobreviven al episodio agudo presentan una buena evoluci&#243;n posterior con baja mortalidad y recuperaci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n renal a medio plazo&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Almarza S&#44; Bialobrzeska K&#44; Casellas MM&#44; Santiago MJ&#44; L&#243;pez-Herce J&#44; Toledo B&#44; et al&#46; Evoluci&#243;n a largo plazo de los ni&#241;os tratados con t&#233;cnicas de depuraci&#243;n extrarrenal continua&#46; An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2015&#59;83&#58;404&#8211;409&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evolution of patients with continuous renal replacement therapy &#40;CRRT&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Creatinine progress &#40;median and interquartile range&#41; throughout evolution&#46; CRRT&#58; continuous extrarenal depuration technique&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">P25&#58; 25th percentile&#59; P75&#58; 75th percentile&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Age &#40;months&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Weight &#40;kg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PRISM 2 &#40;mortality risk&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PIM 2&#37; &#40;mortality risk&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PELOD &#37; &#40;mortality risk&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lactic &#40;mEq&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total duration of technique &#40;h&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">158&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">85&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">293&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">General data from the 71 patients&#46;</p>"
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      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Initial value</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Final value</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Urea &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">104&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Uric &#40;mg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Potassium &#40;mEq&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelets&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">156&#44;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">84&#44;750&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">238&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">119&#44;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75&#44;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">189&#44;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Biochemical data before and after CRRT&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AKI&#58; acute kidney injury&#59; RF&#58; renal failure&#58; ESKD&#58; end-stage kidney disease&#59; CRRT&#58; continuous renal replacement therapy&#44; PTE&#58; pulmonary thromboembolism&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age &#40;months&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diagnosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Progress&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Atypical haemolytic-uraemic syndrome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ESKD&#46; Renal transplantation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Congenital cardiopathy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">New AKI that required CRRT following surgery&#46; Complete recovery of renal function&#46; Died after one year due to cardiac arrest caused by brain death&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Glomerulonephritis&#46; Hodgkin lymphoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">New moderate AKI due to meningococcal sepsis&#44; no CRRT required&#46; Full recovery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Meningococcal sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Moderate 3-month RF that does not require RRT&#46; Full recovery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Congenital cardiopathy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Readmission due to PTE that required CRRT&#46; Full recovery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Congenital cardiopathy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Prolonged 7-month RF that required CRRT&#46; Full recovery after heart transplant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab976869.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of patients with prolonged alteration of renal function and&#47;or relapse&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BE&#58; base excess&#59; GFR&#58; estimated glomerular filtration rate&#59; PTH&#58; parathormone&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Haemoglobin &#40;g&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Leukocytes &#40;cells&#47;mcl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Platelets &#40;cells&#47;mcl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">211&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">149&#44;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">262&#44;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">pH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bicarbonate &#40;mmol&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;2&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lactic acid &#40;mmol&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Urea &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sodium &#40;mEq&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">138&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">136&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">141&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Potassium &#40;mEq&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Chloride &#40;mEq&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calcium &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Phosphorus &#40;mg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Magnesium &#40;mEq&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Vitamin D &#40;ng&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PTH &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">111&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GFR &#40;ml&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">126&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cystatin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab976867.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Haemogram&#44; arterial blood gas and biochemistry at last check-up&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term risk of CKD in children surviving episodes of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit&#58; a prospective cohort study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Mammen"
                            1 => "A&#46; Al Abbas"
                            2 => "P&#46; Skippen"
                            3 => "H&#46; Nadel"
                            4 => "D&#46; Levine"
                            5 => "J&#46;P&#46; Colle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.10.048"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Kidney Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "523"
                        "paginaFinal" => "530"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22206744"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term outcomes in acute renal failure patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Morgera"
                            1 => "A&#46;K&#46; Kraft"
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Article information

ISSN: 23412879
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.anpede.2015.09.015

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	7	10	17
2024 October	46	42	88
2024 September	32	21	53
2024 August	64	63	127
2024 July	56	27	83
2024 June	52	25	77
2024 May	59	44	103
2024 April	63	33	96
2024 March	52	739	791
2024 February	69	39	108
2024 January	37	20	57
2023 December	49	27	76
2023 November	50	20	70
2023 October	45	24	69
2023 September	49	27	76
2023 August	43	21	64
2023 July	37	24	61
2023 June	39	34	73
2023 May	47	30	77
2023 April	36	23	59
2023 March	40	26	66
2023 February	28	20	48
2023 January	20	25	45
2022 December	38	28	66
2022 November	47	48	95
2022 October	44	48	92
2022 September	55	36	91
2022 August	39	49	88
2022 July	32	36	68
2022 June	35	47	82
2022 May	37	44	81
2022 April	45	41	86
2022 March	69	61	130
2022 February	48	47	95
2022 January	65	41	106
2021 December	64	44	108
2021 November	39	47	86
2021 October	54	54	108
2021 September	28	40	68
2021 August	25	58	83
2021 July	20	32	52
2021 June	30	36	66
2021 May	70	37	107
2021 April	138	65	203
2021 March	70	39	109
2021 February	46	19	65
2021 January	46	25	71
2020 December	37	26	63
2020 November	34	22	56
2020 October	30	21	51
2020 September	27	23	50
2020 August	34	18	52
2020 July	20	19	39
2020 June	16	8	24
2020 May	51	21	72
2020 April	17	14	31
2020 March	36	21	57
2020 February	41	17	58
2020 January	24	14	38
2019 December	46	20	66
2019 November	27	18	45
2019 October	28	14	42
2019 September	36	25	61
2019 August	58	18	76
2019 July	37	31	68
2019 June	23	31	54
2019 May	74	28	102
2019 April	73	35	108
2019 March	35	15	50
2019 February	44	22	66
2019 January	29	20	49
2018 December	43	30	73
2018 November	85	18	103
2018 October	129	27	156
2018 September	29	17	46
2018 August	2	0	2
2018 July	1	0	1
2018 June	3	0	3
2018 May	2	0	2
2018 April	18	0	18
2018 March	32	0	32
2018 February	10	0	10
2018 January	14	0	14
2017 December	8	0	8
2017 November	17	0	17
2017 October	12	0	12
2017 September	11	0	11
2017 August	15	0	15
2017 July	15	2	17
2017 June	27	8	35
2017 May	12	5	17
2017 April	8	4	12
2017 March	11	1	12
2017 February	7	10	17
2017 January	11	2	13
2016 December	12	11	23
2016 November	23	15	38
2016 October	22	9	31
2016 September	33	11	44
2016 August	27	11	38
2016 July	13	5	18

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