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Navarro Moreno, D. Almagro López, R. Jaldo Jiménez, M.C. del Moral Campaña, G. Árbol Fernández, M. Pérez Ruiz, D. Almagro Nievas" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Navarro Moreno" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Almagro López" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "diego.almagro.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Jaldo Jiménez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.C." 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"apellidos" => "Almagro Nievas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) Medicina Preventiva, Vigilancia y Promoción de la Salud, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "UGC de Peligros, Distrito Sanitario Granada-Metropolitano, Granada, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "UGC Medicina Preventiva, Vigilancia y Promoción de la Salud, Distrito Sanitario Granada-Metropolitano, Granada, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "UGC de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Brote de enfermedad boca-mano-pie y onicomadesis causado por el virus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span> A16, Granada" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1538 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 133417 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentation of onychomadesis in hand, foot and mouth disease.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) starts with a fever and about 2 days later numerous lesions appear in the mouth and tongue. Afterward, these lesions develop on hands and feet as small vesicles of approximately 3–7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in diameter. These symptoms can be accompanied by general malaise, poor appetite, sore throat, cold symptoms, cough, diarrhoea, vomiting and adenopathies. The fever usually lasts 3–4 days; the mouth sores about 7 days; and the lesions on palms and soles about 10 days. If the vesicles in the mouth rupture, they can give rise to painful sores similar to aphthae. The patient may have difficulty eating if the lesions are plentiful, large, or depending on their location. The disease is benign and its complications rare, the most common being the shedding of the nails of the fingers and toes, especially in children, between 4 and 8 weeks after the onset of symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Onychomadesis is the painless and inflammation-free separation or shedding of the nail plate from the nail bed beginning at its proximal end, with a new nail plate developing underneath (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1 and 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The disease is caused by viruses in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enteroviridae</span> family, with the highest prevalence corresponding to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackievirus</span> A16 (the most frequent cause) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enterovirus</span> 71 (which causes the highest morbidity and mortality).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–5</span></a> The aetiological agent cannot be identified in many outbreaks, and is simply established based on dermatologic and epidemiological characteristics.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The disease usually appears in outbreaks during the summer or autumn, affecting young children of 6 months to 4 years of age. The incubation period lasts 4–6 days. Its epidemic nature results from the ease with which enteroviruses are transmitted from person to person through direct contact, the air, and especially through the faecal-oral route.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–6</span></a> The individuals that contract the disease develop immunity to the specific virus that caused the infection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Transmission prevention is complicated by the large number of asymptomatic infections and the biological characteristics of enteroviruses, as infected patients secrete viral particles in their stool for weeks.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hand, foot and mouth disease, and then onychomadesis as one of its complications, was first described in 2000 in 5 children in Chicago (United States).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In 2001, a similar report was published about 4 children in Europe.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Cases from an onychomadesis outbreak were also described in Finland in 2008.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Since 2008, several outbreaks of HFMD followed by onychomadesis have been reported in various Spanish locations: Zaragoza<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>, Valencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>, Mallorca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>, A Coruña<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> and Valladolid.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> The 2008 outbreak in Valencia clearly established an association between HFMD and onychomadesis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13,17</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In February 2012, the paediatricians of the basic health area (BHA) of Peligros (Granada) reported a state of public alarm generated by the loss of nails in some preschool children following a cluster of HFMD cases that occurred in October and November of 2011. This was notified through the Red de Alerta de Salud Pública de Andalucía (Public Health Alert Network of Andalusia). A document was released describing measures to prevent new cases. A retrospective search of cases was performed, and data was collected on incident cases when patients sought care for this reason.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this framework, we proposed two hypotheses: an increase in the incidence of HFMD, and the development of post viral onychomadesis in the group of patients in the BHA that attended a childcare centre.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consequently, our aim was to describe the outbreak of HFMD in the BHA of Peligros between September 2011 and February 2012 and to analyse the risk factors for contracting the disease and for developing onychomadesis as a complication.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients and methods</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study area consisted of the towns of Peligros and Pulianas in Granada. The population under study were the children of 6 months to 3 years of age assigned to the primary care clinical management unit (Unidad de Gestión Clínica [UGC]) of Peligros during the study period. The number of patients obtained from the Andalusia user database for this age range was 376.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We designed a case–control study to analyse the risk factors for acquiring the disease. We used the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">χ</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test, Student's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis, calculating the crude odds ratio (cOR), the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and the 95% confidence interval. We performed the statistical analysis with the R software, version 2.12.1. The analysis of nail loss used the data of the cases that presented it and the cases that did not.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We defined a suspected case of HFMD as a child between 6 months and 3 years of age presenting with some of these signs and symptoms: fever, sore throat, upper respiratory tract infection and loss of appetite; with the physical examination revealing some of the following signs: vesicular eruption on hands, feet, nappy area or mouth accompanied by ulcers (ulcerated vesicles) in the throat and oral cavity. Thus, the cases in our study were those patients that fit the definition of a HFMD case whose parents sought care for those signs and symptoms at the paediatrics department of the UGC during the period under study. We selected a total of 28 cases. A control was selected for each case.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We identified cases from the electronic medical records (EMRs) of the Diraya information system available to healthcare providers in the Andalusia public health system. The controls were pair-matched by age and physical proximity to the home of the case and the childcare centres. We did this using Diraya, the listing of children included in the Plan Andaluz de Vacunación (vaccination plan of Andalusia) and Google maps.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The selection of controls and the inclusion of their data for the study variables were done in March 2012. For controls, we also collected the data corresponding to the epidemic season under consideration.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We developed an epidemiology survey to gather information. Before conducting the survey we did a pilot study, administering the questionnaire to the first cases and controls, and modified some items to make the questionnaire easier to understand. The variables for which data was collected were location (town and childcare centre), time (date of onset of symptoms, date of end of symptoms, date of the first related medical visit, date when onychomadesis started) and personal characteristics (age, sex, number of siblings, number of sick siblings, previous contact with known cases, visit to the paediatrician between September 2011 and February 2012). We collected data on the presence of fever, pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, loss of appetite, throat ulcers, vesicles in hands, mouth, feet and nappy area, and ungual lesions. The survey was conducted by telephone, and the clinical data were collected from the EMRs.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the last cases identified, 9 stool samples had been sent to the reference laboratory in Andalusia for virology testing, the microbiology laboratory of the Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves of Granada, to identify the causative agent. The samples were resuspended in minimal essential medium Eagle and centrifuged at 2000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min at 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C. The supernatant was collected for culture and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Four 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μl supernatant aliquots were processed in parallel: one for RT-PCR and the other 3 for culture.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Following incubation, we tested the culture supernatant by RT-PCR to detect enterovirus growth in tubes with no observed cytopathic effect. To determine the enterovirus serotype from the samples and/or isolates, we performed nested RT-PCR with 5′ noncoding region primers. The products of this RT-PCR assay were subjected to bidirectional sequencing. We analysed the resulting sequences by sequence searching, alignment and comparison with the sequences available in the GenBank database using BLAST (<a href="http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi">http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi</a>) and MEGA5.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> describes the salient clinical features, with fever as the main symptom (75%), preceding the formation of vesicles and not exceeding 38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C. Vesicles presented in greater percentages on the hand, nappy area and foot than in the mouth and in the oral cavity. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1 and 2</a> show their presentation. The mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation of disease duration was 6.14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.84 days, with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 20 days, excluding episodes of nail loss. The clinical features of onychomadesis were observed on the nails of hands and feet. It was painless and without inflammation of the nail matrix in the proximal region. One patient lost the whole nail. Beau's lines, transversal ridges and grooves on the nail plate that go from one lateral fold to another, develop as a result of the temporary cessation of nail formation.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> analyses the risk factors under consideration. We found statistically significant differences between children that attended childcare and children that did not (cOR, 9.75; 95% CI, 1.92–49.33). We did not observe a higher risk of contracting disease in the presence of household cases of HFMD. The risk of contracting the disease was 11 times higher when there had been contact with a known case (cOR, 11.11; 95% CI, 2.7–45.61). We did not find significant differences by age (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.57) or number of siblings (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.35).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Applying the parsimony principle, we chose the 2 variables that were significant in the simple logistic regression analysis: a history of contact with a known case (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.001) and attending a childcare centre (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.006). We added the interaction of both variables to the final model, which showed that the risk of contracting HFMD in patients attending a childcare centre that also had contact with a known case was 14 times greater (OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13.8; 95% CI, 3.79–50.18).</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nail loss occurred in 46.6% of the HFMD cases, with a mean time of 56 days elapsed between the onset of symptoms and the development of onychomadesis, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 123 days. We looked for factors that may account for the development of this complication (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). We found an association between onychomadesis and mouth ulcers (OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.53; 95% CI, 1.19–3.38). We did not find statistically significant differences based on sex (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.28) or age (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.77).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sequencing RT-PCR was positive in only 6 cases. We analysed the sequences of the 268–507 bp-long fragments from these 6 cases. In case 5, the analysis identified the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span> A16 enterovirus. Sequence homology between the enteroviruses of the outbreak, when compared to one another, was 99% to 100%, and there was 97% homology between these and the sequences available for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackievirus</span> in the GenBank.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We consider that the main source of bias in our study was memory bias, as the earliest cases arose in September 2011 and the interviews were conducted in March 2012. The alarm the outbreak generated among families may have worked in our favour, contributing to a more accurate recollection of the signs and symptoms presented by their children. On the other hand, we may have underestimated the number of cases, as patients that did not visit their paediatrician at the Peligros UGC or that sought care in a different Primary Care UGC, an emergency department or a private clinic were not included in the study. Thus, we could not calculate incidence rates to assess whether there was a greater-than-expected number of cases, although we must take into account that providers are not obligated to report cases of HFMD.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This outbreak occurred at the time of year that such outbreaks tend to occur in childcare centres and in the rest of the general population. Paediatricians detected the increase in cases and considered it was above the expected number, having worked in this BHA for several years.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical features described were characteristic of HFMD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Gastrointestinal symptoms were not documented, although this does not mean they did not occur. The mean duration of the disease was 6 days. The mean age of the affected patients was 20.8 months, which was not significantly different from that of the control group. These data are consisted with the literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> As for the age of the affected children, there was a greater clustering of cases (75%) in patients older than 12 months, which seems logical, as ambulation starts around this age and facilitates the transmission of the disease. The maximum age was less than the one described in the literature,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> which accounts for the risk factors we identified, that is, attending childcare.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The final model for contracting HFMD included 2 circumstances that contributed to getting ill, which were contact with known cases and attending a childcare centre. It seems logical to assume that these two circumstances were the source of the public alarm. They meant that most people knew affected children and that these children had acquired the disease at the childcare centre and not at home. Perhaps it would have been helpful to assess the environment in the childcare centres in greater detail, looking at factors like crowding, the staff's level of training, and lack of hygiene that may have contributed to direct and indirect transmission.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our analysis of onychomadesis showed a high proportion of cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> The mean time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and nail shedding may have been slightly lower due to the bias derived from recalling the dates retrospectively. Considering that the patients were young children and the resistance nails may have to infection (if the complication arises from a localised infection), the possibility that mouth ulcers are a risk factor makes sense, as children tend to put their fingers in their mouth. At the time we conducted the survey, in the first and second weeks of March, some patients were still in the period during which this complication could develop, so we could have obtained a higher prevalence of onychomadesis if we had interviewed the families up to 18 weeks after the onset of symptoms, although it would have been less likely to develop as these patients had already gone past the median time.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The isolated <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span> A16 virus was the most prevalent causative agent along with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enterovirus</span> 71 in several outbreaks of HFMD described in South East Asia in 2010.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> It was also involved in outbreaks in other European countries such as Hungary<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and Germany.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In 2011, this virus was involved in a small outbreak in a Croatian childcare centre.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> It would have been ideal to obtain samples from every patient to confirm the presence or absence of coinfection, especially in those that developed onychomadesis, as was observed in another study.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Nevertheless, the fact that coinfection was not found in this sample suggests that this virus was the sole causative agent.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the last case in a childcare centre was registered in late February 2012 and twice the maximum incubation time elapsed without new cases arising, the end of the outbreak was declared. There were new cases at later dates, but they were considered endemic.</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We may conclude by saying that there was an outbreak of HFMD detected by paediatricians and household members with striking symptoms and associated with the presence of onychomadesis that caused public alarm. The aetiological agent of the outbreak was a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span> A16 enterovirus transmitted through contact with known cases of the disease and in childcare centres.</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Emphasis should be placed on hygiene and health measures in childcare centres such as cleaning the centre or any objects contaminated with stools or secretions, handwashing, and others once the first cases of HFMD arise. The natural history of HFMD should be investigated, and specifically the transmission mechanisms in closed spaces and onychomadesis; children should be prevented from putting their fingers in their mouths as much as possible, and children suspected to have HFMD should not be allowed to attend childcare from the onset of fever through the end of the disease; overcrowding of childcare centres should be avoided; and caregivers and parents should be properly educated about HFMD in general and its mechanisms of transmission in particular.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to prevent and control outbreaks of HFMD, hygienic and health measures should be implemented early on, including more frequent cleaning of surfaces that may get contaminated with stool or secretions, handwashing, preventing children from putting fingers in their mouth to the extent possible, avoiding overcrowding, and keeping children with suspected disease away from the centre during the contagious period. It is very important that families and childcare workers are educated about the characteristics of the disease and its mechanisms of transmission.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres502760" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec523918" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres502759" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec523917" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2013-10-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-05-22" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec523918" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Outbreak" 1 => "Hand-foot-mouth disease" 2 => "Onychomadesis" 3 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span> virus" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec523917" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Brote" 1 => "Enfermedad de boca-mano-pie" 2 => "Onicomadesis" 3 => "Virus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span>" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Due to the significant increase in the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among pre-school children during late 2011 and early 2012, a study has been proposed with the aim of describing the HFMD outbreak and analyzing the risk factors associated with suffering onychomadesis.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A descriptive and analytical case–control study was designed. The study population was 376 children between 6 and 36 months old, living in the Basic Health area of Peligros (Granada). The study included an epidemiological survey of 28 cases and paired controls in order to collect data on the time, person and place, and implementing preventive actions and family health education. Finally a microbiological viral study of stool samples was made.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">64% were girls with average age of 20.8 months. The clinical signs found were fever (75%), vesicular palmar eruption (71%), plantar eruption (68%), erosive stomatitis (64%), and nail loss (46%). The risk of getting sick was 14 times greater for those children attending a childcare centre and had contact with sick cases (OR 13.8; 95% CI; 3.79–50.18). The average time since onset of symptoms and onychomadesis was 52 days, and its appearance was linked to the presence of ulcers in the mouth (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.006). Five samples were positive for enteroviruses <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span> A16.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There was an outbreak of HFMD detected by paediatricians and families. The cases presented with marked clinical symptoms, and the nail loss (onychomadesis) generated a social alarm. The cause of the outbreak was an enterovirus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span> A16 transmitted among sick cases and through childcare centres.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frente al aumento del número de casos de enfermedad boca-mano-pie (EBMP) entre la población preescolar a finales del 2011 y principios del 2012 y la presencia de onicomadesis, se planteó como objetivo describir el brote epidémico y analizar los factores de riesgo de enfermar y de presentar onicomadesis.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo y analítico caso-control. La población de estudio fue de 376 niños entre 6 y 36 meses adscritos a la zona básica de salud de Peligros (Granada). Intervenciones: encuesta epidemiológica a 28 casos y controles, recogiendo variables de persona, lugar y tiempo; toma de medias preventivas y educación sanitaria. Estudio microbiológico viral de muestras de heces.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 64% fueron niñas con edad media de 20,8 meses. La clínica fue de fiebre (75%), lesiones vesiculares en manos (71%), pies (68%), boca (64%) y caída de uñas (46%). El riesgo de enfermar fue de 14 veces más en aquellos que acudían a guardería y tuvieron contacto con enfermos (odds ratio ajustada 13,8; IC del 95%, 3,79–50,18). El tiempo medio desde inicio de síntomas y la onicomadesis fue de 52 días y su presencia estaba asociada a la presencia de úlceras en boca (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,006). Cinco muestras fueron positivas a enterovirus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span> A16.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existió un brote de EBMP detectado por los propios pediatras y familiares con una clínica llamativa y presencia de onicomadesis, que fue la que generó la alarma social. La causa del brote fue un enterovirus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie A16</span> transmitido entre casos conocidos con la enfermedad y en guarderías.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as: Navarro Moreno E, Almagro López D, Jaldo Jiménez R, del Moral Campaña MC, Árbol Fernández G, Pérez Ruiz M, et al. Brote de enfermedad boca-mano-pie y onicomadesis causado por el virus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxsackie</span> A16, Granada. An Pediatr (Barc). 2015;82:235–241.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1835 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 195840 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentation of lesions in hand, foot and mouth disease.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1538 "Ancho" => 750 "Tamanyo" => 133417 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentation of onychomadesis in hand, foot and mouth disease.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Signs and symptoms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Loss of appetite</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fever</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pharyngitis</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Upper respiratory tract infection</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vesicles/ulcers in the mouth cavity</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vesicles/ulcers on the mouth</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vesicles/ulcers on hand</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vesicles/ulcers on feet</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vesicles/ulcers in nappy area</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Onychomadesis</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab802080.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical features of hand, foot and mouth disease.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">χ</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">cOR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Child care centre</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">92.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.92–49.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.108 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.14–1.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sick siblings</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">85.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">92.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.36–12.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Contact with sick individual</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">89.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.7–45.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Visited healthcare centre</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">92.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.24–117.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab802081.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Increased by 0.5 in each cell per 0 value.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analysis of studied risk factors for contracting hand, foot mouth disease.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Onychomadesis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Yes</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">χ</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fever</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.21–6.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anorexia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.42–11.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pharyngitis</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">77.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.78–29.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Upper respiratory tract infection</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">72.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.05–1.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vesicles/ulcers in throat</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">68.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.006 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">83.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.73–69.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vesicles/ulcers on hand</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.15–4.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vesicles/ulcers on foot</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">77.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.78–29.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="7" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vesicles/ulcers in nappy area</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.31–8.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab802082.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Risk factors for the development of onychomadesis analysed in the study.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ 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Gjenero-Margan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Euro Surveill" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "16" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23412879/0000008200000004/v2_201505130138/S2341287915000447/v2_201505130138/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "26005" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23412879/0000008200000004/v2_201505130138/S2341287915000447/v2_201505130138/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00005H&text.app=https://analesdepediatria.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341287915000447?idApp=UINPBA00005H" ]
Year/Month | Html | Total | |
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2024 November | 28 | 13 | 41 |
2024 October | 136 | 48 | 184 |
2024 September | 179 | 48 | 227 |
2024 August | 155 | 88 | 243 |
2024 July | 167 | 46 | 213 |
2024 June | 195 | 48 | 243 |
2024 May | 135 | 50 | 185 |
2024 April | 152 | 45 | 197 |
2024 March | 153 | 25 | 178 |
2024 February | 121 | 37 | 158 |
2024 January | 137 | 31 | 168 |
2023 December | 195 | 30 | 225 |
2023 November | 155 | 39 | 194 |
2023 October | 135 | 40 | 175 |
2023 September | 107 | 29 | 136 |
2023 August | 72 | 27 | 99 |
2023 July | 85 | 66 | 151 |
2023 June | 96 | 44 | 140 |
2023 May | 83 | 30 | 113 |
2023 April | 75 | 12 | 87 |
2023 March | 88 | 29 | 117 |
2023 February | 99 | 21 | 120 |
2023 January | 72 | 20 | 92 |
2022 December | 119 | 37 | 156 |
2022 November | 133 | 47 | 180 |
2022 October | 129 | 52 | 181 |
2022 September | 100 | 33 | 133 |
2022 August | 124 | 52 | 176 |
2022 July | 96 | 34 | 130 |
2022 June | 118 | 32 | 150 |
2022 May | 94 | 42 | 136 |
2022 April | 106 | 45 | 151 |
2022 March | 164 | 53 | 217 |
2022 February | 145 | 33 | 178 |
2022 January | 138 | 56 | 194 |
2021 December | 115 | 45 | 160 |
2021 November | 131 | 54 | 185 |
2021 October | 143 | 54 | 197 |
2021 September | 95 | 37 | 132 |
2021 August | 67 | 47 | 114 |
2021 July | 91 | 38 | 129 |
2021 June | 85 | 30 | 115 |
2021 May | 108 | 26 | 134 |
2021 April | 233 | 55 | 288 |
2021 March | 138 | 37 | 175 |
2021 February | 95 | 28 | 123 |
2021 January | 88 | 19 | 107 |
2020 December | 95 | 27 | 122 |
2020 November | 66 | 16 | 82 |
2020 October | 84 | 16 | 100 |
2020 September | 69 | 14 | 83 |
2020 August | 75 | 15 | 90 |
2020 July | 163 | 21 | 184 |
2020 June | 110 | 7 | 117 |
2020 May | 126 | 40 | 166 |
2020 April | 60 | 15 | 75 |
2020 March | 87 | 24 | 111 |
2020 February | 106 | 28 | 134 |
2020 January | 104 | 16 | 120 |
2019 December | 150 | 22 | 172 |
2019 November | 176 | 15 | 191 |
2019 October | 159 | 19 | 178 |
2019 September | 111 | 9 | 120 |
2019 August | 74 | 20 | 94 |
2019 July | 81 | 29 | 110 |
2019 June | 108 | 14 | 122 |
2019 May | 197 | 29 | 226 |
2019 April | 109 | 19 | 128 |
2019 March | 76 | 19 | 95 |
2019 February | 65 | 20 | 85 |
2019 January | 55 | 23 | 78 |
2018 December | 76 | 25 | 101 |
2018 November | 89 | 40 | 129 |
2018 October | 149 | 22 | 171 |
2018 September | 89 | 18 | 107 |
2018 July | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2018 June | 5 | 0 | 5 |
2018 May | 4 | 0 | 4 |
2018 April | 26 | 0 | 26 |
2018 March | 23 | 0 | 23 |
2018 February | 14 | 0 | 14 |
2018 January | 12 | 0 | 12 |
2017 December | 28 | 0 | 28 |
2017 November | 28 | 0 | 28 |
2017 October | 17 | 0 | 17 |
2017 September | 13 | 0 | 13 |
2017 August | 16 | 0 | 16 |
2017 July | 18 | 1 | 19 |
2017 June | 34 | 8 | 42 |
2017 May | 32 | 10 | 42 |
2017 April | 18 | 6 | 24 |
2017 March | 9 | 5 | 14 |
2017 February | 14 | 6 | 20 |
2017 January | 13 | 8 | 21 |
2016 December | 40 | 11 | 51 |
2016 November | 36 | 12 | 48 |
2016 October | 67 | 5 | 72 |
2016 September | 62 | 7 | 69 |
2016 August | 35 | 5 | 40 |
2016 July | 31 | 3 | 34 |
2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
2015 December | 8 | 11 | 19 |
2015 November | 2 | 8 | 10 |
2015 October | 12 | 10 | 22 |
2015 September | 1 | 11 | 12 |
2015 August | 2 | 15 | 17 |