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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los tics son el trastorno del movimiento m&#225;s frecuente en la edad pedi&#225;trica&#46; Es com&#250;n la existencia de historia familiar de tics y de antecedentes familiares y personales de trastornos neurocomportamentales&#46; Los tics pueden comprometer de modo importante las actividades de la vida diaria del individuo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de las caracter&#237;sticas de los tics de ni&#241;os y adolescentes de la Consulta de Neuropediatr&#237;a del Hospital Geral de Santo Ant&#243;nio&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de los casos de tics usando la informaci&#243;n recogida de las respectivas historias cl&#237;nicas&#46; Se utilizaron los criterios del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Manual diagn&#243;stico y estad&#237;stico de los trastornos mentales</span> en su cuarta revisi&#243;n de textos &#40;DSM-IV-TR&#41; de 2000&#44; de la Asociaci&#243;n Americana de Psiquiatr&#237;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fueron analizadas las historias cl&#237;nicas de 78 individuos&#44; 84&#44;6 &#37; de los cuales eran del sexo masculino&#46; M&#225;s de un tercio de los casos pertenec&#237;a al grupo etario de los 4 a los 8 a&#241;os de edad&#46; En el 5&#44;1&#37; los tics se iniciaron antes de los 2 a&#241;os&#46; Historia familiar de tics&#44; depresi&#243;n y trazos de enfermedad obsesivo-compulsiva ocurrieron en aproximadamente un 30 &#37; de los casos&#46; La comorbilidad m&#225;s frecuente fue el trastorno por d&#233;ficit de atenci&#243;n e hiperactividad &#40;TDAH&#41; &#40;67&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Se verific&#243; la posible ocurrencia de trastorno neuropsiqui&#225;trico autoinmune pedi&#225;trico &#40;PANDAS&#41; en 5 casos&#46; Los tics motores precedieron a los vocales en todos los casos&#46; En m&#225;s de dos tercios los tics eran simples&#46; En el 59&#44;0 &#37; de los casos los tics eran cr&#243;nicos&#44; y el 45&#44;7 &#37; de &#233;stos cumpl&#237;an criterios de trastorno de Gilles de la Tourette&#46; El 43&#44;1 &#37; de los individuos con tics cr&#243;nicos hab&#237;an sido medicados&#44; la mayor&#237;a con risperidona&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De un modo general los resultados de este estudio son concordantes con los descritos en la literatura especializada&#44; subray&#225;ndose la necesidad de considerar el diagn&#243;stico en edades precoces&#44; y se&#241;al&#225;ndose la importancia de identificaci&#243;n y terap&#233;utica adecuada de las comorbilidades&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tics are the most frequent abnormal movement in children&#46; A familial history of tics and a personal and familial history of neurobehavioral disturbances are common in children with this abnormality&#46; Tics may seriously compromise daily activities in affected individuals&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify the characteristics of tics in children and adolescents followed-up in the Neuropediatric Unit of the Hospital Geral de Santo Ant&#243;nio&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with tics based on information collected from medical records&#46; The diagnostic criteria of the DSM IV-TR 2000 of the American Psychiatric Association were used&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The medical records of 78 children were analyzed&#44; 84&#46;6&#37; of whom were boys&#46; More than one third of the patients were aged 4 to 8 years old&#46; In 5&#46;1&#37; of the patients tics developed before the age of 2 years&#46; A familial history of tics&#44; depression and obsessive disorder traits was found in approximately 30 &#37; of patients&#46; The most frequent comorbidity was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder &#40;67&#46;9 &#37;&#41;&#46; The occurrence of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus infection &#40;PANDAS&#41; was suggested in five patients&#46; In all patients&#44; motor tics occurred before vocal tics&#46; In more than two thirds of the patients&#44; tics were simple&#46; In 59&#46;0&#37; of the patients&#44; tics were chronic&#44; and in 45&#46;7&#37; of these met the criteria for Tourette&#39;s syndrome&#46; A total of 43&#46;1&#37; of the patients with chronic tics received pharmacotherapy&#44; risperidone being the most frequently used drug&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In general the results of the present study are in agreement with those of previous studies&#44; underlining the need to consider a diagnosis of tics in young children and highlighting the importance of identification and appropriate treatment of comorbidities&#46;</p>"
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Originales
Tics en niños y adolescentes: análisis retrospectivo de 78 casos
Tics in children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis of 78 cases
A. Catarina Prior, S. Tavares, S. Figueiroa, T. Temudo
Corresponding author
teresatemudo@netcabo.pt

Correspondencia: Dra. T. Temudo. Unidad de Neuropediatría. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Geral de Santo António, EPE. Largo Prof. Abel Salazar. 4099-011 Porto. Portugal.
Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Geral de Santo António, EPE. Porto. Portugal
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los tics son el trastorno del movimiento m&#225;s frecuente en la edad pedi&#225;trica&#46; Es com&#250;n la existencia de historia familiar de tics y de antecedentes familiares y personales de trastornos neurocomportamentales&#46; Los tics pueden comprometer de modo importante las actividades de la vida diaria del individuo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de las caracter&#237;sticas de los tics de ni&#241;os y adolescentes de la Consulta de Neuropediatr&#237;a del Hospital Geral de Santo Ant&#243;nio&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de los casos de tics usando la informaci&#243;n recogida de las respectivas historias cl&#237;nicas&#46; Se utilizaron los criterios del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Manual diagn&#243;stico y estad&#237;stico de los trastornos mentales</span> en su cuarta revisi&#243;n de textos &#40;DSM-IV-TR&#41; de 2000&#44; de la Asociaci&#243;n Americana de Psiquiatr&#237;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fueron analizadas las historias cl&#237;nicas de 78 individuos&#44; 84&#44;6 &#37; de los cuales eran del sexo masculino&#46; M&#225;s de un tercio de los casos pertenec&#237;a al grupo etario de los 4 a los 8 a&#241;os de edad&#46; En el 5&#44;1&#37; los tics se iniciaron antes de los 2 a&#241;os&#46; Historia familiar de tics&#44; depresi&#243;n y trazos de enfermedad obsesivo-compulsiva ocurrieron en aproximadamente un 30 &#37; de los casos&#46; La comorbilidad m&#225;s frecuente fue el trastorno por d&#233;ficit de atenci&#243;n e hiperactividad &#40;TDAH&#41; &#40;67&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Se verific&#243; la posible ocurrencia de trastorno neuropsiqui&#225;trico autoinmune pedi&#225;trico &#40;PANDAS&#41; en 5 casos&#46; Los tics motores precedieron a los vocales en todos los casos&#46; En m&#225;s de dos tercios los tics eran simples&#46; En el 59&#44;0 &#37; de los casos los tics eran cr&#243;nicos&#44; y el 45&#44;7 &#37; de &#233;stos cumpl&#237;an criterios de trastorno de Gilles de la Tourette&#46; El 43&#44;1 &#37; de los individuos con tics cr&#243;nicos hab&#237;an sido medicados&#44; la mayor&#237;a con risperidona&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De un modo general los resultados de este estudio son concordantes con los descritos en la literatura especializada&#44; subray&#225;ndose la necesidad de considerar el diagn&#243;stico en edades precoces&#44; y se&#241;al&#225;ndose la importancia de identificaci&#243;n y terap&#233;utica adecuada de las comorbilidades&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tics are the most frequent abnormal movement in children&#46; A familial history of tics and a personal and familial history of neurobehavioral disturbances are common in children with this abnormality&#46; Tics may seriously compromise daily activities in affected individuals&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify the characteristics of tics in children and adolescents followed-up in the Neuropediatric Unit of the Hospital Geral de Santo Ant&#243;nio&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with tics based on information collected from medical records&#46; The diagnostic criteria of the DSM IV-TR 2000 of the American Psychiatric Association were used&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The medical records of 78 children were analyzed&#44; 84&#46;6&#37; of whom were boys&#46; More than one third of the patients were aged 4 to 8 years old&#46; In 5&#46;1&#37; of the patients tics developed before the age of 2 years&#46; A familial history of tics&#44; depression and obsessive disorder traits was found in approximately 30 &#37; of patients&#46; The most frequent comorbidity was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder &#40;67&#46;9 &#37;&#41;&#46; The occurrence of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus infection &#40;PANDAS&#41; was suggested in five patients&#46; In all patients&#44; motor tics occurred before vocal tics&#46; In more than two thirds of the patients&#44; tics were simple&#46; In 59&#46;0&#37; of the patients&#44; tics were chronic&#44; and in 45&#46;7&#37; of these met the criteria for Tourette&#39;s syndrome&#46; A total of 43&#46;1&#37; of the patients with chronic tics received pharmacotherapy&#44; risperidone being the most frequently used drug&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In general the results of the present study are in agreement with those of previous studies&#44; underlining the need to consider a diagnosis of tics in young children and highlighting the importance of identification and appropriate treatment of comorbidities&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 16954033
Original language: Spanish
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